Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Improvement with Prebiotics: Histological Evaluation of Longish Glucomannan Hydrolysates-Induced Innate T Lymphocyte Activities in Mice

Use of prebiotics is a growing topic in healthcare. A lightweight molecule and water-soluble fiber ingredient, longish glucomannan hydrolysates (LGH), has been developed to improve the intestinal mucosal barrier and confer gut health benefits. This study aims to investigate the implications of continuous LGH intervening in intestinal epithelium integrity and protective immunity against chemical dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. Twelve male BALB/c mice were randomly arranged into four groups. The LGH/DSS group had results in bodyweight variance, epithelial cell density, and aberrancy score as good as the LGH group, and both were equivalent to the control group. LGH consumption effectively protects the distal intestinal epithelium by activating innate T lymphocytes. Meanwhile, T-cell subsets in subepithelial interspersion take a bystander role in these microenvironmental alterations. Under this stress, the cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3)⁺ T cells infiltrate the epithelium, while CD4⁺ T cells inversely appear in submucosal large lymphoid aggregates/isolated lymphoid follicles (ILFs) in which significant CD3⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T-cell populations agglomerate. Moreover, forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) are observed in these ILFs. Agglomerated CD4⁺ T-cell lineages may have roles with proinflammatory T helper 17 cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells in balancing responses to intraluminal antigens. Collectively, LGH administration may function in immune modulation to protect against DSS-induced inflammation.     

The Simultaneous Onset of Pancreatitis and Colitis as Immune-related Adverse Events in a Patient Receiving Nivolumab Treatment for Renal Cell Carcinoma

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which have anti-tumor effects, are currently approved for treatment of several kinds of advanced malignancies. However, with their increasing use, a variety of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in administered patients have been reported. We herein report a rare case of the simultaneous onset of acute pancreatitis and colitis as irAEs during nivolumab treatment given to a patient with renal cell carcinoma, who then shown marked improvement with corticosteroid therapy.     

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review

Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a disease affecting around 0.006–0.016% of the population. Of these, around 75% have concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) according to the most recent epidemiological studies. Several theories have been proposed regarding the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). These include changes in the function of cholangiocytes, effects of the gut microbiome, association with specific human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and dysregulation of the immune system. However, these do not explain the observed association with IBD. Moreover, there are considerable differences in the frequency and outcomes between patients with PSC and ulcerative colitis compared with PSC and Crohn’s disease. The aim of this review is to appraise the most recent studies that have contributed to the epidemiology, advances in the pathophysiology, and characterization of important clinical aspects of the association of PSC and IBD.     

Cell division control 42 elevates during infliximab therapy,and its increment relates to treatment response in ulcerative colitis patients

BackgroundCell division control 42 (CDC42) regulates multiple processes of inflammation and/or immunity in autoimmune diseases and also relates to the treatment efficacy of biologic regimens clinically. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal change in CDC42 during infliximab (IFX) treatment and its correlation with IFX response in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients.MethodsActive UC patients (N = 48) who received IFX were recruited, and their CDC42 expressions in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were detected before treatment (W0) and at 12 weeks after treatment (W12) using RT‐qPCR. Also, CDC42 in PBMCs from UC patients with remission (N = 20) and health controls (HCs) (N = 20) were detected.ResultsCDC42 was reduced in active UC patients compared with UC patients with remission (p = 0.014) and HCs (p < 0.001). Besides, CDC42 was negatively correlated with CRP (p = 0.025), TNF‐α (p = 0.024), IL‐1β (p = 0.045), IL‐17A (p = 0.039), and Mayo score (p = 0.015) in active UC patients, but did not relate to ESR, disease duration, or IL‐6 (all p > 0.05), while CDC42 was only negatively related to CRP in UC patients with remission (p = 0.046). Interestingly, CDC42 was increased at W12 after IFX treatment in active UC patients (p < 0.001). Specifically, CDC42 was elevated during treatment in active UC patients with IFX response (p < 0.001), but did not obviously change in those without IFX response (p = 0.061). Furthermore, CDC42 at W12 was higher in active UC patients with IFX response compared with those without IFX response (p = 0.049).ConclusionCell division control 42 serves as a potential biomarker for monitoring disease progression and IFX response in UC patients.     

溃疡性结肠炎伏毒理论的生物学机制探讨

【目的】通过临床试验研究,探讨溃疡性结肠炎（UC）“伏毒理论”的生物学机制。【方法】选择符合纳入标准的活动期轻、中度和缓解期UC患者40例。活动期UC患者20例,分为中医干预组和西医治疗组,每组10例;缓解期患者20例,分为中医干预组和西医治疗组,每组10例。所有病例均施以常规西医治疗处理,中医干预组加服中药汤剂,疗程分别为8周。采用酶联免疫吸附（ELISA）法分别检测治疗前后患者血浆前列腺素E2（PGE2）、人基质金属蛋白酶1（MMP-1）、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1（TIMP-1）表达水平。【结果】患者血浆MMP-1、 TIMP-1、 PGE2表达水平与病情严重度（缓解期,活动期轻度、中度）之间,均呈正相关（P＜0.001）。治疗后,2组活动期UC患者MMP-1、 TIMP-1、 PGE2表达水平均较治疗前显著下降（P＜0.001）,但2组间比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗后, UC缓解期中医干预组患者MMP-1、TIMP-1表达水平显著下降（P＜0.05）,其降低作用优于西医治疗组（P＜0.05）;2组缓解期UC患者PGE2表达水平与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。【结论】清伏毒法可有效治疗UC的生物学机制可能与其降低血浆MMP-1、 TIMP-1表达水平有关。     

难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者术前食物不耐受情况及相关因素分析

目的：综合分析难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者食物不耐受情况,为指定个体化饮食方案提供依据。方法采用美国BIO-MERICA公司生产的食物过敏原检测试剂盒,用酶联免疫方法（ELISA）检测血清中以14种食物为过敏原产生的特异性免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体水平,对获得资料进行综合分析。结果42例难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者食物不耐受阳性率为78.57％（33／42）,排在前三位的不耐受食物依次为：牛奶／羊奶（35.71％）,蛋清／蛋黄（28.57％）,蟹（23.81％）。结论难治性溃疡性结肠炎患者食物不耐受发生率较高,且与性别、年龄、营养等多种因素有关,在为患者制定饮食方案时应个体化综合考虑。     

Mortality from Ulcerative Colitis in Denmark 1960–1969

The mortality from ulcerative colitis in Denmark, calculated on the basis of the mortality statistics, was 0.5/100,000/year for the period 1960–69. The total material consists of 110 females and 108 males with ulcerative colitis. The mortality showed a decreasing tendency during the study period, but the fall was not significant. The distribution of the deaths between rural and urban areas corresponded to the distribution of the general population. 93 % of the deaths took place in hospital, the greater part in surgical departments.     

NASAL MUCOSAL INVOLVEMENT IN ULCERATIVE COLITIS

Abstract: :A patient with ulcerative colitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and mouth ulceration, developed an unusual lesion involving the nasal mucosa. This was thought to represent another extra-intestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease.