“金喉片”治疗声带小结的临床及药理实验研究

用随机对照法对具有活血祛瘀、化痰散结作用的中药制剂“金喉片”治疗声带小结１０２例进行临床疗效观察，结果：“金喉片”治疗组６２例的痊愈率为４３．６％，总有效率为９１．９％；而“黄氏响声丸”对照组４０例的痊愈率为１７．５％，总有效率为７０％。两种率的比较，差异分别为有非常显著意义（Ｐ＜０．０１）和显著性意义（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明配合活血祛瘀法比非活血祛瘀法疗效为优。还对“金喉片”做了有关抗炎作用的药理实验，表明金喉片具有对抗急性炎症、抑制肉芽组织增生的作用。     

Renal cell cancer risk and occupational exposure to trichloroethylene: results of a consecutive case-control study in Arnsberg,Germany

BACKGROUND: German studies of high exposure prevalence have been debated on the renal carcinogenicity of trichloroethylene (TRI). METHODS: A consecutive hospital-based case-control study with 134 renal cell cancer (RCC) cases and 401 controls was conducted to reevaluate the risk of TRI in this region which were estimated in a previous study. Exposure was self-assessed to compare these studies. Additionally, the job history was analyzed, using expert-based exposure information. RESULTS: The logistic regression results, adjusted for age, gender, and smoking, confirmed a TRI-related RCC risk in this region. Using the database CAREX for a comparison of industries with and without TRI exposure, a significant excess risk was estimated for the longest held job in TRI-exposing industries (odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-3.20). Any exposure in "metal degreasing" was a RCC risk factor (OR 5.57, 95% CI 2.33-13.32). Self-reported narcotic symptoms, indicative of peak exposures, were associated with an excess risk (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.80-7.54). CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the human nephrocarcinogenicity of trichloroethylene.     

胆红素对TCE致ICR小鼠DNA损伤的拮抗作用

目的：研究胆红素对三氯乙烯(TCE)致ICR小鼠肝、肾、外周血DNA损伤的影响。方法：应用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)技术，检测TCE对ICR小鼠肝、肾、外周血细胞DNA损伤作用，同时观察20-200μmol／L胆红素对TCE所致DNA损伤的保护作用。结果：TCE染毒组肝、肾、血细胞彗星率较对照组增加；胆红素各剂量组SCCE各指标在20-200μmol／L范围内先减小后增大，100μmol／L处最小。结论：100μmol/L左右的胆红素能较好的拮抗TCE对小鼠肾脏细胞DNA损伤。     

三氯乙烯对职业人群遗传指标的影响

目的确定三氯乙烯(Trichloroethylene,TCE)对人体遗传指标的影响,为控制TCE中毒的危害和确定早期诊断指标提供一定的依据.方法按调查表格逐项进行问诊、全面体格检查、尿中三氯乙酸(TCA)和遗传指标的测定.结果SCE细胞和慧里细胞(%)在接触TCE工龄小于2年时,与对照组并无统计学上的差异,P＞0.05;但在接触TCE工龄大于2年时,以上指标均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).尿中TCA浓度小于50mg/L时,双微核率、微核率、SCE细胞与对照组并无统计学上的差异,P＞0.05;但在尿中TCA浓度大于50 mg/L时,以上指标均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论TCE对职业接触人群的遗传指标确实产生了有统计学意义的改变,TCE具有一定的遗传毒性.可以考虑把遗传指标测定作为职业接触TCE人员职业性健康检查的检查项目,但需对更大人群的遗传指标进行测定,以确定正常参考值和早期损害的阚值.     

Outpatient sedation for ocular examination

Outpatient sedation of infants, uncooperative children and, rarely, adults provides an opportunity to perform certain ophthalmologic diagnostic procedures such as tonometry, ophthalmoscopy and various electrophysiological studies (e.g., electroretinography and visual evoked response testing) without the expense and usage of an operating room. Many drugs have been recommended and used; all have limitations. The advantages and disadvantages of the more commonly used agents are reviewed. The known effects of these drugs on ocular function are presented.     

TCE致皮肤角质形成细胞凋亡机制及银杏叶提取物的保护作用

目的 研究有机溶剂三氯乙烯(TCE)致角质形成细胞凋亡作用及其与凋亡诱导因子(AIF)的关系. 方法 将45只BALB/c裸鼠随机分为空白对照组、溶剂对照组(橄榄油)、20%TCE、40%TCE、80%TCE、100%TCE组、0.1%银杏叶提取物(GbE)保护组、1%GbE保护组和10%GbE保护组;皮肤染毒,保护组为先用GbE涂皮后1 h再涂抹TCE.小鼠均于涂抹TCE 24 h后处死,无菌条件下取皮,制成蜡块后切片,应用原位末端标记免疫化学法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡,应用免疫组化法检测皮肤组织AIF的表达. 结果 40%TCE、80%TCE和100%TCE组凋亡指数和AIF活性与空白组和溶剂对照组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),TCE浓度越高,凋亡指数越高,AIF的表达水平也越高;1%GbE和10%GbE保护组凋亡指数和AIF活性与100%TCE组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 AIF可能参与了TCE诱导的裸鼠皮肤角质形成细胞凋亡,而GbE则对此显示出一定的保护作用.     

Generalized eruption with severe liver dysfunction associated with occupational exposure to trichloroethylene

Generalized dermatitis due to trichloroethylene is rare. A 21-year-old printer developed exfoliative dermatitis with mucous membrane involvement, fever and liver dysfunction after a 2-week occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Positive patch-test reactions to trichloroethylene and to one of its metabolites, trichloroethanol, were observed. This dermatitis is considered to be mediated by a delayed-type hypersensitivity mechanism.     

稳定干扰SET肝细胞株的生物学鉴定

目的:对稳定干扰SET(patient SE translocation)的肝细胞株进行生物学性状鉴定,为研究SET蛋白在肝细胞中的作用奠定基础。方法:培养人肝L-02细胞、慢病毒载体介导的稳定干扰(siRNA)SET L-02肝细胞及psiRNAc L-02肝细胞(空载体转染细胞),于倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,利用MTT吸光度与细胞数目间关系绘制生长曲线,采用染色体畸变试验观察染色体有无结构异常,软琼脂克隆实验检测细胞的恶性转化。结果:与正常肝细胞比较,稳定干扰SET肝细胞及psiRNAc肝细胞的生长形态无明显变化,3组细胞的生长曲线趋于一致。染色体畸变分析表明SET基因沉默的人肝L-02细胞染色体结构与数目未发生明显改变。软琼脂克隆实验表明SET基因沉默的人肝L-02细胞未发生恶性转化。结论:SET siRNA的导入未引起细胞生物学特征的改变,遗传性状保持稳定,说明所构建的SE7基因沉默的人肝L-02细胞模型是稳定的,为后续的研究提供了工具细胞。     

维生素E对三氯乙烯急性染毒大鼠

本文观察了用抗氧化剂维生素E预处理后,三氯乙烯(3000mg/kg B-W-) 一次性经口染毒24h 大鼠肝脏的超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶活力及丙二醛含量的变化,结果表明三氯乙烯染毒组肝脏中丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力均高于对照组(P< 0-01) ;而维生素E干预组的丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶活力及血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力均分别低于三氯乙烯染毒组(P< 0-01) ,说明三氯乙烯急性染毒可引起肝脏脂质过氧化反应及肝损害,肝脏超氧化物歧化酶活力升高可能是机体受自由基及脂质过氧化反应刺激而诱导产生的一种适应性反应,维生素E对三氯乙烯所致的肝损害有一定的保护作用。     

Metabolism and toxicity of trichloroethylene and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine in freshly isolated human proximal tubular cells.

Trichloroethylene (Tri) caused modest cytotoxicity in freshly isolated human proximal tubular (hPT) cells, as assessed by significant decreases in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity after 1 h of exposure to 500 microM Tri. Oxidative metabolism of Tri by cytochrome P-450 to form chloral hydrate (CH) was only detectable in kidney microsomes from one patient out of four tested and was not detected in hPT cells. In contrast, GSH conjugation of Tri was detected in cells from every patient tested. The kinetics of Tri metabolism to its GSH conjugate S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione (DCVG) followed biphasic kinetics, with apparent Km and Vmax values of 0.51 and 24.9 mM and 0.10 and 1.0 nmol/min per mg protein, respectively. S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine (DCVC), the cysteine conjugate metabolite of Tri that is considered the penultimate nephrotoxic species, caused both time- and concentration-dependent increases in LDH release in freshly isolated hPT cells. Preincubation of hPT cells with 0.1 mM aminooxyacetic acid did not protect hPT cells from DCVC-induced cellular injury, suggesting that another enzyme besides the cysteine conjugate beta-lyase may be important in DCVC bioactivation. This study is the first to measure the cytotoxicity and metabolism of Tri and DCVC in freshly isolated cells from the human kidney. These data indicate that the pathway involved in the cytotoxicity and metabolism of Tri in hPT cells is the GSH conjugation pathway and that the cytochrome P-450-dependent pathway has little direct role in renal Tri metabolism in humans.