运动训练对慢性应激大鼠β—内啡肽分泌的影响

目的：探讨运动训练对慢性应激大鼠β－内啡肽（β－EP）分泌的变化。方法：对大鼠进行为期8周的不同负荷运动训练,并在运动训练后期给予3周的冷刺激,测定大鼠下丘脑和血清中β－EP的含量。结果：（1）经过3周的冷应激后,大鼠产生显著的身心变化,下丘脑和血清β－EP的含量均显著升高,从而表明冷应激可使机体β－ED的合成和释放增多。（2）经过8周的运动训练后,大鼠下丘脑β－EP含量显著升高,血清β－EP含量显著下降;而对运动训练的大鼠施加冷刺激后,大鼠下丘脑和血清中β－EP含量显著低于应激组,以中等负荷运动训练组最为明显。结论：运动训练可以减少内源性β－EP的释放,有效对抗大鼠机体对冷刺激产生的应激反应,维持机体在应激状态下内分泌功能的稳定。     

武警某部女学员有氧耐力训练训练心率的研究

目的为指导和监控部队有氧耐力训练提供参考资料.方法对382名18～22岁女学员依照GJB1337-92和GJB2558-96规定的方法分别测定其安静心率和训练心率.结果安静心率均值为72.85±6.28b/min;按平均年龄21岁计算,中等训练心率为165.76±5.96b/min;最小训练心率为151.17±6.06b/min;最大训练心率为178.23±6.14b/min.结论女学员有氧耐力训练的适宜训练心率为151～178b/min.     

21世纪高级医学人才素质教育及实施的基本途径

（1）目的 探讨21世纪高级医学人才的素质教育及实施的途径。（2）方法 根据21世纪医学和社会发展的需要,分析了21世纪高级医学人才的素质及实施素质教育的基本途径。（3）结果 21世纪高级医学人才要掌握高新技术,拥有广博的知识和坚实的医学基础,具有创新精神和开拓能力,对具体工作具有较强的适应性。转变教育思想,调整新的医学教育课程结构和优化课程内容体系,建立一支适应素质教育需要的师资队伍,创建校园精神文明和营造素质教育氛围是实施素质教育的基本途径。（4）结论 21世纪需要高素质医学人才,转变教育思想和观念,优化课程体系和教学内容、构建新的人才培养模式是实施素质教育的基本途径。     

语感教学:语文教育新视角

语文能力的核心是语言能力,语言能力的培养首先表现在如何提高学生的语感素质。加强语文教育中的语感教学,构建培养语感的教学实践体系,势在必行。     

Pediatric cranial osteoblastoma: Technical note of surgical treatment and review of the literature

Osteoblastoma of the skull is a rare entity, and they account only for 2-4% of all the cases of osteoblastoma. We perform a comprehensive review of the pertinent literature on the subject and we report a case of a 3-year-old girl presenting with a 6-month history of a supraorbital mass and exophthalmos due to an osteoblastoma of the frontal and ethmoid bones involving the orbit and anterior skull base. A 3D printed model of the patient's skull was used for the preoperative planning and reconstruction strategy. Total en-bloc resection of the tumor followed by immediate reconstruction was achieved. No recurrence was detected 3 years after the surgery. Gross total resection is strongly advised with skull osteoblastoma, especially in young age, because of the risk of the recurrence and malignant transformation. 3D printing is proven to be a valuable tool to enhance surgical performance by avoiding complications while achieving total resection with accurate reconstruction. Long-term follow-up is important to detect recurrences and improve the management of these young patients.     

High-intensity interval training can improve hand grip strength,inspiratory muscle,and quality of life in systemic sclerosis subjects

IntroductionSystemic sclerosis/scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease with connective tissue, multi-organ, and multisystem involvement. The disease has three main characteristics, namely vasculopathy, fibrosis, and autoimmunity. The effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in aerobic exercise on other rheumatic diseases has been studied, for example in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The purpose of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of HIIT of aerobics exercise on improving the inspiratory muscle, quality of life and functional ability for systemic sclerosis subjects.Material and methodsThe study was conducted on patients with confirmed systemic sclerosis who met the inclusion criteria. The research was carried out for 12 months in the outpatient clinic and gait laboratory of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.ResultsAfter HIIT in aerobic exercise, we found significant changes in inspiratory muscle (SNIP values 45.67 [30.92] vs. 54.25 [22.71]), handgrip (13.14 [4.42] vs. 15.63 [4.08]), walking speed (184.70 [26.86] vs. 246.6 [12.30]), metabolic equivalent (3.53 [0.30] vs. 4.21 [1.25]) and Scleroderma-Specific Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index for all visual analog scale (VAS) domains except Disability Index. Exercise approaches are characterized by repeated cycles of exercise interrupted by rest. For a range of clinical conditions, HIIT in aerobic exercise is known to remedy blood vessel function.ConclusionsOur results suggest that HIIT in aerobic exercise has improved functional ability, respiratory muscle strength, and quality of life in SSc subjects. Training twice a week in a 12-week HIIT program is considered to be safe for this population. We have to consider internal and external factors that influenced the result. A larger sample and further exploration of the feasibility of combined exercise in SSc patients should be the focus for future research.     

Associations and community health workers: analysis and time trends over ten years of training-action

ObjectiveTo analyse the profile of the persons and associations that participated in the course, quantify peer education activities and analyse their evolution.MethodA quantitative study using an analysis of the course records from 2009 to 2018 was designed for this purpose inside mihsalud program designed to promote health amongst persons in vulnerable situations in the city of Valencia (Spain). It offers a yearly training-action course of community health workers (CHW) that is attended by persons who have been proposed by associations. The associations were defined according to their population (immigrant, local or intercultural) and the CHWs according to gender, country of birth, year of course, association and continuity after training. Means and confidence intervals were calculated at 95% and a bivariate analysis was conducted in order to compare the activities that took place in 2009 to 2013 with those of 2014 to 2018. The time trends were analysed by applying linear regression models that included the different years studied as the dependent variable.Results201 CHW of 31 nationalities were trained, 81.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 75.5-86.7] were women. Eighty-two associations participated, 51.2% (95% CI: 39.9-62.4] worked with culturally diverse populations. Participation by associations (p = .017) and CHWs (p = .377) increased in a statistically significant manner over the years. After the course, 35.3% (95% CI: 28.7-42.4] of the CHWs continued to collaborate voluntarily in the associations.ConclusionsThe results of the CHW training-action course improve over time given that a significant increase in participation by associations and women can be seen, along with a greater number of activities completed during the training. One effect of this is that CHWs are contracted or carry out voluntary activities in the associations.