金银花分子生物学研究进展

分子生物学(molecular biology)是从分子水平阐明生命现象和本质的科学,其发展为传统生药学的研究提供了新的生物技术和方法。金银花作为常用大宗药材之一,国内外学者在深入研究传统方法的基础上,采用分子生物学手段对其展开真伪鉴别、品质评价和控制等方面的相关研究,并取得了一定成果。该文主要综述了近年来分子生物学技术方法在金银花鉴别、有效成分生物合成的分子机制以及胁迫条件下次生代谢产物积累的分子机制研究,并针对基于杂交技术的标记(RFLP)、基于PCR的分子标记(RAPD,AFLP,SSR,ISSR)和基于DNA序列分析的SNP及DNA条形码对金银花的多样性识别、诊断、鉴定等方面进行了详细的总结,同时提出可以采用多组学技术,构建系统生物学技术和平台,建立次生代谢产物生物合成的相关模型,从而更好地研究金银花活性成分生物合成的分子机制以及药用植物在环境胁迫下的相关代谢产物的合成和积累等生命活动规律并进行调控,为进一步推动金银花现代化及其他中药资源的开发利用提供支撑与参考。     

化浊解毒方对溃疡性结肠炎的治疗作用及机制

目的探讨化浊解毒方治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的治疗作用及机制。方法120例UC患者按照随机数字表法分为观察组、对照组各60例。观察组予中药化浊解毒方口服,每日1剂,早晚2次温服;对照组予美沙拉嗪肠溶片口服,1.0 g/次,3次/d。2组疗程均4周。对比2组治疗前后Geboes指数、结肠镜下黏膜表现、生活质量评分、疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8、IL-35水平,凝血指标血清FIB水平,统计治疗后1年内复发情况。结果治疗后,观察组Geboes指数、疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8水平、凝血指标血清FIB水平均较本组治疗前降低,生活质量评分、血清炎性因子IL-35水平升高(P<0.05);且观察组治疗后疾病活动指数及血清炎性因子IL-8水平、凝血指标血清FIB水平均低于对照组,生活质量评分、血清炎性因子IL-35水平均高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组糜烂、溃疡改善不明显(P>0.05),充血水肿、颗粒样变等肠镜表现改善情况均优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗结束1年观察组复发率为10.64%,对照组为23.53%,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论化浊解毒方能改善UC患者临床症状,修复肠黏膜病理损伤,降低复发率;其机制可能与调节血清炎性因子IL-8、IL-35和凝血因子FIB水平有关。     

宫颈癌顺铂耐药研究进展

顺铂（DDP）作为第一个被发现的金属抗癌药物，是目前最有潜力和应用最广泛的抗肿瘤药物。顺铂在宫颈癌的治疗中尤为重要，目前已被推荐为同步放化疗的首选药物。但随着广泛的使用，顺铂的耐药性逐渐显露出来，并成为限制临床疗效和部分患者肿瘤治疗进展的主要原因之一。顺铂的耐药机制复杂，发生环节较多，但具体耐药机制尚不明确，目前按照顺铂耐药发生的环节可分为:①顺铂在血液循环过程中产生耐药；②顺铂通过细胞膜的流入或流出产生耐药；③顺铂在胞质中产生耐药；④顺铂与DNA结合后产生耐药。本文综述了宫颈癌顺铂耐药可能发生的四个环节及克服耐药常用的手段，为提高顺铂对宫颈癌的疗效提供依据。     

基于子宫内膜异位症与恶性肿瘤的相关性探析补肾化瘀法作用机制及中医理论依据

子宫内膜异位症其异位内膜组织虽然在形态学上呈良性表现，却具有类似恶性肿瘤的生物学特性。中医学一般认为，“正虚伏邪”为恶性肿瘤的病机特点；那么，肾虚血瘀既属于“正虚伏邪”的范畴，又体现了EMs发病学和疾病发生、发展过程中的主要特点。在“病证相应”的中医治则之下，补肾化瘀法的临床疗效主要表现为：缓解痛经症状、提高受孕率，以及调整月经周期。本文基于EMs与恶性肿瘤的相关性，通过分析补肾化瘀法治疗EMs的理论依据及其抑制异位内膜侵袭的调控机制，主要包括解除免疫抑制、阻断局部微血管新生等，旨在阐明其疗效显著的原因，为临床推广提供可靠的基础研究证据。     

内听动脉闭塞综合征的临床与发病机理

目的：探讨内听动脉闭塞综合征的临床与发病机理。方法：分析24例患者年龄、性别及所伴发疾病如高血压病、糖尿病、冠心痛及椎-基底动脉供血不足等。结果：50岁以上，有高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病、椎-基底动脉供血不足者内听动脉闭塞发病明显增加。结论：高血压病、冠心病、糖尿病、椎基底动脉供血不足是内听动脉闭塞综合征的主要危险因素。     

前后挤压型骶骨Ⅱ区骨折与骶丛神经损伤的关系

目的 探讨前后挤压致骶骨Ⅱ区骨折造成骶丛神经损伤的机制。方法 经甲醛短期（1年内）浸泡固定的国人尸体6具，12侧。解剖保护骶丛神经，制成前后挤压型暴力致骶Ⅱ区骨折模型，定量测量不同骨折移位时骶丛神经被拉长的距离。另外，利用X线片观察骶从神经受压情况。结果 随耻骨联合分离逐渐增大，骶丛神经张应变呈直线相关逐渐加大，以S1，S4为最显著，且可造成神经的刺伤，多见于L5和S1，X线未发现骶丛神经受压表现。结论 前后挤压型暴力致骶骨Ⅱ区骨折神经损伤以牵拉伤为丰，以S1，S4为主，且与骨折移位程度成正相关关系。神经的刺伤，多见于骨折移位较大的L5和S1。     

狂犬病病毒致病机制研究概况

狂犬病病毒（RV）是一种高度嗜神经性病毒，由RV引发的狂犬病通常是一种急性致死性神经系统损伤性疾病。RV通过周围神经末梢和中枢神经系统（CNS）的神经元进行病毒的复制和传播。绝大多数狂犬病例CNS病理学表现为急性脑脊髓炎，常常没有显著的显微镜下改变，脑部可以轻度肿胀，脑膜和脑实质血管轻度充血并伴有少量炎症细胞浸润，这也是其他急性病毒性脑炎常见的共同表现。     

Pedophilia is linked to reduced activation in hypothalamus and lateral prefrontal cortex during visual erotic stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Although pedophilia is of high public concern, little is known about underlying neural mechanisms. Although pedophilic patients are sexually attracted to prepubescent children, they show no sexual interest toward adults. This study aimed to investigate the neural correlates of deficits of sexual and emotional arousal in pedophiles. METHODS: Thirteen pedophilic patients and 14 healthy control subjects were tested for differential neural activity during visual stimulation with emotional and erotic pictures with functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Regions showing differential activations during the erotic condition comprised the hypothalamus, the periaqueductal gray, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the latter correlating with a clinical measure. Alterations of emotional processing concerned the amygdala-hippocampus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothesized regions relevant for processing of erotic stimuli in healthy individuals showed reduced activations during visual erotic stimulation in pedophilic patients. This suggests an impaired recruitment of key structures that might contribute to an altered sexual interest of these patients toward adults.     

In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Whole and Half Tablets of Sustained-Release Adinazolam Mesylate

The mechanism of release from sustained-release adinazolam mesylate tablets was assessed by the Higuchi equation and by analysis of drug release profiles through 60% released using the Peppas equation. Computed values of the diffusional exponent, n, ranged from 0.59 to 0.66. Values of n in this range are consistent with a mixed mechanism of release, with diffusion of drug through the hydrated polymer matrix and relaxation of this matrix being the principal processes controlling release. The rate of in vitro drug release was increased for half tablets relative to whole tablets and is attributed to an increase in the surface to volume ratio of half tablets of about 16%. This increase in surface-to-volume ratio of half tablets was reflected by an increase in the constant, k, from the Peppas equation of 20–23% and by an increase in the slope of Higuchi plots of 12–18% for four lots of tablets. In vivo/in vitro relationships from two bioavailability studies were thoroughly evaluated. Using either a linear or a quadratic relationship, an in vivo/in vitro correlation exists for sustained-release adinazolam mesylate tablets.     

Spinal canal narrowing during simulated frontal impact

Between 23 and 70% of occupants involved in frontal impacts sustain cervical spine injuries, many with neurological involvement. It has been hypothesized that cervical spinal cord compression and injury may explain the variable neurological profile described by frontal impact victims. The goals of the present study, using a biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication, were to quantify canal pinch diameter (CPD) narrowing during frontal impact and to evaluate the potential for cord compression. The biofidelic model and a sled apparatus were used to simulate frontal impacts at 4, 6, 8, and 10 g horizontal accelerations of the T1 vertebra. The CPD was measured in the intact specimen in the neutral posture (neutral posture CPD), under static sagittal pure moments of 1.5 Nm (pre-impact CPD), during dynamic frontal impact (dynamic impact CPD), and again under static pure moments following each impact (post-impact CPD). Frontal impact caused significant (P<0.05) dynamic CPD narrowing at C0-dens, C2-C3, and C6-C7. The narrowest dynamic CPD was observed at C0-dens during the 10 g impact and was 25.9% narrower than the corresponding neutral posture CPD. Interpretation of the present results indicate that the neurological symptomatology reported by frontal impact victims is most likely not due to cervical spinal cord compression. Cord compression due to residual spinal instability is also not likely.