外周血SEPT9基因甲基化检测在结直肠癌筛查及术后随访中的意义分析

目的探讨外周血SEPT9基因甲基化检测在结直肠癌筛查及随访中的应用。 方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2015年12月接受结直肠癌筛查人群共计783例,其中确诊结直肠癌患者72例,非结直肠癌患者711例。对所有纳入患者进行外周血SEPT9甲基化检测和病理检查。以病理诊断为金标准,采用ROC曲线分析SEPT9阳性对结直肠癌的诊断价值,术后随访1年,观察外周血SEPT9基因甲基化和患者生存情况的关系。应用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计学分析,性别、年龄段、病变位置、TNM分期等资料以[例(%)]表示,比较采用卡方检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果结直肠癌患者SEPT9基因甲基化(70.8%)显著高于非结直肠癌患者(13.5%);SEPT9基因甲基化在TNM分期Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期及Ⅳ期结直肠癌患者的阳性率依次为：47.4%、 69.2%、 88.9%、 88.9%。ROC曲线分析显示,SEPT9的AUC＝0.787,高于CA125和CA199(P<0.05),其诊断结直肠癌的灵敏度为86.5%,特异度为70.8%。术后随访1年发现,88.2%的SEPT9基因甲基化阳性患者在结直肠癌根治术后转为阴性,与SEPT9甲基化转阴性的患者相比较,SEPT9甲基化未转为阴性的患者预后较差。 结论SEPT9基因甲基化检测可能作为评估结直肠癌风险和预后的一项重要检测指标。     

Total versus subtotal thyroidectomy for the management of benign multinodular goiter in an endemic region

BACKGROUND: Because controversy still continuous to surround use of total thyroidectomy for the management of benign multinodular goiter, the present study aims to prospectively compare the safety and efficacy of total thyroidectomy with subtotal thyroidectomy. METHODS: A total of 200 consecutive patients with benign multinodular goiter were assigned to have either total thyroidectomy (n = 105) or subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 95) based on preoperative evaluation, intraoperative macroscopic findings and nodular dissemination. The patients with no healthy tissue or nodules localized in the dorsal part of the gland, which are usually left during normal subtotal resection, were assigned to the total thyroidectomy group. Demographic details, biochemical findings, indications for operation, operating time, specimen weight, complications and hospital stay were noted. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the sex, hormonal status or duration of goiter between the two groups (P = 0.74, P = 0.59 and P = 0.59, respectively). The mean operating time was longer (148.52 min +/- 51.10 vs 135.10 min +/- 32.47, P = 0.03), and the mean weight of the specimens was greater (228.40 g +/- 229.91 vs 157.01 g +/- 151.23, P = 0.01) for total rather than subtotal thyroidectomy. Either temporary recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy or hypoparathyroidism occurred in 10 (9.3%) or 12 (11.4%) of the patients undergoing total compared with six (6.3%) or nine (9.5%) of the patients undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy (P = 0.40 and P = 0.65, respectively). Either permanent RLN palsy or hypoparathyroidism was observed in one patient undergoing total thyroidectomy (P = 0.34 for each comparison). The mean hospital stay was longer in the total thyroidectomy group (2.24 days +/- 1.18 vs 1.89 days +/- 0.72 for subtotal thyroidectomy, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that total thyroidectomy can be performed without increasing risk of complication, and it is an acceptable alternative for benign multinodular goiter, especially in endemic regions, where patients present with a huge multinodular goiter.     

大分子钆磁共振对比剂代谢曲线的精确描绘

目的探讨磁共振对比剂在祼鼠体内代谢曲线的精确描绘。方法使用ImageJ从DICOM图像中获取裸鼠肝脏感兴趣区信噪比;利用Matlab编程从DICOM Header中读取精确的采集时间;利用水模得到线圈接收信号在轴向空间的校正系数对肝脏信号进行空间校正。结果实验绘得校正后能正确反映裸鼠肝脏代谢的4类曲线：信号强度、信噪比、信号强度增强率和信噪比增强率代谢曲线。结论经过精确代谢时间测定和空间校正后,信噪比增强率代谢曲线最能反映对比剂在裸鼠体内的实际代谢过程。     

直肠癌局部复发的再次手术56例分析

目的探讨直肠癌术后局部复发再次手术的临床疗效及影响疗效的相关因素。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2011年1月期间我科收治的直肠癌术后局部复发再次手术患者56例的临床病理及部分随访资料,采用X检验分析术后不同复发时间和首次不同手术方式的再次手术完整切除率,利用log．rank方法对2种再次手术方式（Dixon和Miles手术）进行生存分析。结果①直肠癌术后局部复发再次手术术中出血量、手术时间均明显多于首次手术,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。②直肠癌根治术后5年以后局部复发者的完整切除率明显高于直肠癌根治术后2年以内局部复发者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。③直肠癌首次术式为Dixon术者的局部复发病灶的完整切除率明显高于首次术式为Miles术者,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。④直肠癌术后局部复发患者再次手术为Dixon术者的中位生存时间、2年存活率及5年存活率均明显长于或高于再次手术为Miles术者,差异均有统计学意义（尸〈0．05）。结论直肠癌首次手术方式不同及术后复发时间不同,可影响术后局部复发病灶再次完整切除的几率,再次手术可作为直肠癌局部复发一种有效可行的治疗方式。     

H∞ state‐feedback controller design for continuous‐time nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems

This paper studies the problem of H_∞ state‐feedback controller design for continuous‐time nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems. The time‐varying transition rate matrix in continuous‐time domain is considered to lie in a convex bounded domain of polytopic type. By constructing a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function and fully considering the information about the rate of change of time‐varying parameters, a new sufficient condition on the existence of an H_∞ state‐feedback controller is provided in the form of a parameter‐dependent matrix inequality. Moreover, based on the structure characteristics of Lyapunov matrix and transition matrix, the parameter‐dependent matrix inequality is converted into a finite set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be readily solved. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超声造影评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症结节功能

目的分析超声造影(CEUS)评估继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(SHPT)结节功能的价值。方法回顾性分析16例SHPT(16枚结节),观察其CEUS特点;获取结节长宽乘积、总亮度计数(TBC)及时间-强度曲线(TIC)相关参数,包括绝对峰值强度(API)、相对峰值强度(RPI)、达峰时间(TTP)及上升支斜率(BPAS)等,分析其与全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)及钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平的相关性。结果二维超声声像图显示SHPT结节边界清晰,呈圆形或椭圆形,其中9枚为低回声-无回声囊实性结节,6枚为实性低回声结节,1枚呈等-低混合回声。CEUS示9枚呈高增强,相应患者血清iPTH为1 639.80(1 328.80,2 144.80)pg/ml; 7枚呈低增强,患者血清iPTH为974.20(211.00,1 221.80)pg/ml,差异有统计学意义(U=53.000,P=0.023)。Pearson相关分析结果显示,iPTH与BPAS(r~2=0.341,P=0.003)、RPI(r~2=0.465,P=0.002)及TBC(r~2=0.485,P=0.002)均呈正相关,与TTP呈负相关(r~2=0.790,P=0.001),与结节长宽乘积(r~2=0.029,P=0.248)及API(r~2=0.065,P=0.175)无明显相关性;CUES参数与钙、磷、碱性磷酸酶水平均无明显相关性(P均0.05)。结论 CEUS可用于初步预测SHPT结节的分泌功能。     

Bcl-2、 cyclin A2和P13K在激素受体阴性乳腺癌中的表达及意义

目的探讨激素受体阴性乳腺癌中B淋巴细胞瘤／白血病2基因（ B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2, Bcl-2 ）、细胞周期素A2（cyclinA2）和磷酸肌醇3激酶（ phosphoinositide 3 -kinase, PI3K ）的表达及意义。方法采用实时聚合酶链反应（real time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR）方法检测Bcl-2、cyclinA2和P13K在激素受体阴性乳腺癌组织（58例）、乳腺正常组织（14例）中的表达水平,并采用Mann-WhitneyU检验分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果与乳腺正常组织相比,激素受体阴性乳腺癌中Bel-2表达降低,而cyclinA2和P13K表达增高（P〈0．05）。在乳腺癌组织中,Bcl-2在TNM分期Ⅲ期、组织学分级Ⅲ级和出现转移复发的患者中表达水平降低（P〈0．05）,但其表达在不同年龄、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移的组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;cyclinA2在转移复发的患者中显著高表达（P〈0．05）,但在不同的年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、TNM分期和淋巴结状态的组间差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）;P13K在有淋巴结转移和TNM分期Ⅲ期的患者中高表达（P〈0．05）,但其表达在不同年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级以及是否转移复发的组间差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论Bcl-2低表达、eyclinA2和P13K高表达可能与激素受体阴性乳腺癌的发生发展有关。     

Chronobiological Patterns of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Central China

Background:Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is an acute and sometimes fatal cerebrovascular disease. The chronobiological patterns of aSAH are still unclear worldwide. This 15-year time-series study aims to clarify the chronobiological patterns including seasonal, monthly, weekly, and circadian distributions of aSAH.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of aSAH patients in central China. To investigate seasonal and weekly distributions, we used the χ2 goodness-of-fit test to analyze the uniformity of the onset time. To explore monthly and circadian distributions, we established Fourier models to show the rhythmicity in chronobiological patterns. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the impact of age, gender, hypertension statuses, and aneurysmal characteristics (number, size, and location) on the chronobiological patterns of aSAH.Results:A total of 1469 patients with aSAH were recruited in the study. The seasonal and monthly distribution exhibited significantly higher incidence in winter and January/December and lower incidence in summer and July. The weekly distribution of aSAH onset showed no significant uneven variation. The circadian distribution of aSAH exhibited a significant pattern (p = 0.0145), with a morning peak around 8:00, and a late afternoon peak at 16:00–20.00. The circadian rhythmicity varied in subgroups of different ages, genders, and aneurysmal locations.Conclusion:The occurrence of aSAH exhibits significant circannual and circadian patterns among the Chinese population. Patients with aSAH of different ages, genders, and aneurysmal locations would present different chronobiological patterns.     

手术时间对接受腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术老年患者预后的影响分析

目的:分析手术时间对接受腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的老年患者预后的影响,以探讨亚群预后的影响因素.方法:回顾分析70岁以上接受腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术患者的临床资料.结果:X-tile软件证明手术时间影响患者预后的截断值为230 min,相较短手术时间组,长手术时间组的患者总体生存期较差(P=0.043);且肿瘤较大、TNM分期...     

胃癌腹膜种植瘤动物模型的构建

目的建立稳定实用的人胃癌鼠腹膜种植瘤模型。方法通过对裸鼠和SCID鼠腹腔注射胃癌细胞株AGS、NCI—N87和SNUl6构建腹膜种植瘤模型,比较不同细胞株模型成功率和生存期的差异。结果裸鼠腹腔种植5×106个AGS、NCI—N87和SNUl6细胞腹膜瘤形成率分别是（3／8、6／8和2／8;SCID鼠腹腔种植5×106个AGS、NCI—N87和SNUl6细胞,腹膜瘤形成率分别是0／6、6／6和6／6。SCID鼠腹膜瘤模型中位生存期：NCI—N87细胞组（10x10。）为74d;SNUl6细胞3个不同剂量组（10×106、20×106和40×106）分别为95、78和44d。结论SCID鼠腹腔种植（20—40）×106个SNUl6细胞可以构建稳定实用的胃癌腹膜种植瘤模型。