桡骨与尺骨的测量及回归分析

本文测量了桡骨与尺骨各100例,其中桡骨15项指标,尺骨14项指标。并用IBM·PC—XT计算机DBASEⅢ数据库管理系统进行了统计分析以及用桡、尺骨最大长分别与桡、尺骨其它各项指标间进行直线相关分析,建立了25个回归方程。     

Inter- and intraobserver variability in the histopathological diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the breast,and its prognostic implications

Summary One hundred thirty-one breast carcinomas with medullary features, registered in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group from 1977–1982, have been histopathologically reviewed by two senior pathologists and classified as typical medullary carcinoma (TMC), atypical medullary carcinoma (AMC), and non-medullary carcinoma (NMC). Diagnostic criteria were based on those put forward by Ridolfiet al. and Fisheret al. The procedure was repeated with an interval of about one year by both pathologists. The diagnostic interobserver agreement was 72% with a Kappa of 0.55. The intraobserver agreement was 77% and 63% with Kappa values of 0.64 and 0.44, respectively. To see whether the observed inter- and intraobserver variability had any prognostic implications, diagnostic subgroups for both pathologists were analyzed with Kaplan Meier plots for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and with log rank tests. In the first evaluation pathologist 1 segregated a group of TMC with a significantly better RFS than for the NMC group, and pathologist 2 segregated a group of TMC with a corresponding strong trend. These findings could not, however, be reproduced in the second evaluation. The study indicates that the criteria of TMC and AMC as proposed by Ridolfiet al. need to be sharpened and simplified in order to reduce inter-and intraobserver variability. Larger studies with a control group of infiltrating ductal carcinomas are mandatory to elucidate the clinical importance of the diagnoses of Typical and Atypical Medullary Carcinoma of the breast.     

应用国产球囊导管经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术12例报告

本文报告经皮球囊二尖瓣成形术治疗二尖瓣狭窄12例。10例术前平均左房压为18mmHg～40mmHg(26.7±7.15mmHg),术后即刻为4mmHg～18mmHg(10.6±3.86mmHg)P<0.01。跨瓣压差术前10mmHg～40mmHg(19.6±9.05mmHg),术后为0～5mmHg(2.65±2.21mmHg)P<0.01。1例失败,1例术后发生二尖瓣关闭不全急性左心衰竭死亡。     

红细胞同工酶ADA－EAP一AK_1同步电泳分型方法的建立

综合、改良了分别分型的方法，建立了红细胞同工酶ＡＤＡ一ＥＡＰ一ＡＫ１同步电泳分型方法，为ＡＤＡ，ＥＡＰ和ＡＫ１３种红细胞同工酶在法医学鉴定中更广泛的应用，提供了一种可靠、经济、实用的方法。     

延髓—脊髓P物质能神经元下行通路参与毒扁豆碱的中枢升压反应

大鼠延髓腹侧面头端应用毒扁豆碱引起血压升高和心率加快,伴有延髓腹侧面头端胆碱酯酶活性降低和脊髓蛛网膜下腔灌流液中P物质样免疫反应活性升高。在延髓腹侧面头端应用阿托品或脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射P物质拮抗剂D-脯~2,D-苯丙~7,D-色~9-P物质均可阻断毒扁豆碱的心血管效应。脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射P物质抗血清或辣椒素均可减弱毒扁豆碱的升压反应。实验结果提示,毒扁豆碱作用于延髓腹侧面头端的M受体,兴奋了延髓-脊髓P物质能神经元下行通路,使之释放P物质,引起交感肾上腺髓质系统兴奋,从而使血压升高和心率加快。     

The future of teacher education in the changing world

Critical issues in the field of teacher education are identified and related to concerns for the preparation of early childhood teachers and the search for professionalism. A concern for quantity and standards and the clarification of professional knowledge are identified as issues of international significance.     

胰腺癌细胞的增殖同膜脂质饱和度,膜胰岛素受体的关系

外源性表皮生长因子(或生长抑素)能促进(或抑制)胰腺癌细胞的增殖。胰腺癌细胞增殖速率的高低与细胞膜脂质饱和度的降、升;与膜胰岛素受体数量的增减密切相关。测定细胞膜脂质饱和度和胰岛素受体数量,是判断胰腺癌增殖状态的灵敏指标,有一定临床价值。     

聚合酶链反应和噬菌体裂解试验监测鼠疫菌的应用比较研究

应用聚合酶链反应 (PL-PCR)技术和噬菌体裂解试验同时对 80株鼠疫菌 ,1株假结核株、 1株大肠杆菌埃希氏菌进行检测并作比较。结果显示经噬菌体裂解试验 82株菌均在 18～ 2 0 h显示出噬菌斑 ,而其中 2株聚合酶链反应为阴性 ,另 80株全部为鼠疫菌特异性扩增带 ,比较清晰、典型、稳定 ,它有助于鼠疫菌快速特异诊断     

235例神经症患者就诊途径及心理分析

研究目的探讨神经症的就诊途径及心理治疗措施。研究方法分析研究对5例神经症患者的就诊途径、就诊心理、治疗方法和治疗效果。结果对住院治疗的对5例神经症进行分析研究，结果表明，正确的就诊途径，合理的治疗方法，使神经症治疗时间明显缩短，疗效显著提高，有效230例，占97.9％。结论本研究明确了就诊途径、治疗方法在神经症治疗中的重要作用，以及普及精神卫生知识的重要性，为神经症的防治工作提供了重要依据。     

浅谈医疗商业贿赂的成因及预防对策

医疗商业贿赂已引起全社会的高度关注，成为2006年六大重点领域里治理的商业贿赂之一。作者通过分析医疗商业贿赂的危害和原因，提出：①加强思想教育；②坚持依法行政；③完善相关制度；④深化体制改革；⑤完善监督制度等预防对策。