混合方法研究评价工具的介绍——MMAT

混合方法研究（MMR）作为第三种研究范式，是指将定量和定性研究混合或结合到一个单一的研究中。近年来，MMR在医疗领域的应用已成为一种趋势。与单独使用定性或定量研究相比，MMR可以用来说明某一特定现象的不同方面或从不同的角度阐明问题，获得各种不同类型的信息。而MMR系统综述（MMSR）也被研究者青睐，因为通过MMSR可以综合与特定主题相关的大量信息，并产生指导决策的证据。严格评价工具使MMSR研究人员能够评估所纳入原始研究的可信度和相关性。混合方法评价工具（MMAT）为MMSR严格评价阶段的一种工具，可以对定性研究、随机对照试验、非随机研究、定量描述研究和MMR 5类研究的方法学质量进行评价。针对每个纳入的研究，在回答两个筛选问题后，选择适当的研究类别进行评估，然后依照所选类别的标准进行评分。本文全面介绍新版MMAT，以进一步规范和完善MMR和MMSR在我国的应用。     

动物药材生产及产地加工技术标准体系建设

药用动物资源是中药资源的重要组成部分,是中医药发展的重要战略储备资源,在野生药用动物资源日渐匮乏的今天,大力开展药用动物人工养殖才能确保我国中医药产业的可持续发展。然而《中国药典》2015年版一部收载的106种药用动物中仅有22种(除家畜家禽外)有现行选育、养殖相关标准,共211项,其中除国家标准7项、行业标准(农业、水产)11项外均为地方标准,远远落后于同类型农业标准化程度,无法实现动物药材规范化生产。亟需对常见动物药材蟾酥、水蛭、全蝎等建立包括基础标准、产品标准、工艺过程标准、安全标准、环境保护标准、管理标准、工作标准在内的动物药材生产及产地加工技术标准体系,补充产业空白,从源头把控动物药材、动物类中药饮片及含有动物性成分中药产品质量。     

Considerations for appraising diagnostic studies of communication disorders

Clinicians have always been aware of the importance of using valid and reliable clinical tests and measures—and of avoiding those that are not. However, the choice of which tests and measures to use is often more a matter of personal preference, arising out of knowledge of a test's psychometric properties and one's experience with the test, rather than being based on a systematic, critical appraisal of assessment tools. This paper proposes a method of critically appraising clinical assessments in the speech and language sciences, for the purpose of deciding whether they are likely to be informative in diagnosing individuals with communication disorders. QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies)—a 14-item, evidence-based critical appraisal tool (Whiting, Rutjes, Reitsma, Bossuyt,?&?Kleijnen, 2003) originally designed to assess the quality of diagnostic-accuracy studies used in systematic reviews in medicine—is presented, with an example of how it can be applied in the field of communication disorders.     

台湾技职院校客观结构化临床考试护理临床能力鉴定竞赛见闻及启示

正2014年8-11月笔者赴台湾美和科技大学进行为期3个月的进修研习,期间适逢台湾技职院校"客观结构化临床考试护理临床能力鉴定竞赛"在该校举办。笔者观摩了此次竞赛,加深了对台湾护理职业教育的理解,现对竞赛活动做总体介绍,以期为高职护理教育提供参考和借鉴。     

Innovation in Chemistry,Manufacturing, and Controls—A Regulatory Perspective From Industry

This review describes the landscape of novel modalities such as cell and gene therapies, viruses, other novel biologics, oligomers, and emerging technologies, including modern analytics. We summarize the regulatory history and recent landmark developments in some major markets and examine specific chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) challenges, including suggestions for exploration of potential science-based approaches in support of regulatory strategy development from an industry perspective. In addition, we evaluate the economic factors contributing to patient access to innovation and discuss the impact of regulation. There is a desperate need for a consistent form of regulation where global approaches to regulatory strategies can be harmonized, and specific CMC challenges can be dealt with using the appropriate science and risk-based tools. Although these tools are well described in current guidance documents, the specifics of applicability to complex novel modalities can still result in differing regulatory advice and outcomes. The future goals for efficiently regulating innovative modalities and technologies could be aided by more regulatory harmonization, regulatory education, and industry cooperation through consortia, enabling industry to supply key information to regulators in a transparent yet well-defined manner, and utilizing mutually understood risk-benefit analyses to produce drugs with appropriate safety, efficacy, and quality characteristics.     

关键业绩指标体系提高护士工作效率的探讨

护理服务质量的提升和护理事业的快速发展离不开护理人员的效率提升.本研究尝试将现代管理方法中的关键业绩指标(KPI)引入护理管理,旨在构建质量和效益均衡发展的新型绩效考核体系,以达到对医疗卫生服务的重点活动及其核心效果进行直接控制和衡量,进而实现医院和员工的可持续发展.     

精密注塑机的最新技术进展及发展趋势

本文通过分析注塑机锁模结构、驱动方式的变化,从精密、高效、节能、环保等方面,阐述了精密注塑机的最新技术进展及发展趋势.     

浅谈医务人员的绩效评价

在新的医改形势下,如何促进医务人员自身与医疗机构共同发展,是每个医疗机构管理者需要面对的问题。本文针对医院的特点,深入探讨了医院对医务人员实行绩效评价的可行性。通过分析提出了对医务人员进行绩效评价的方法和原则。对绩效评价制度的有效执行,可实现多劳多得、优劳优得,从而促使医务人员自觉提高业务能力与服务水平,同时也体现了收入分配的公平性。这样既有利于提高医务人员的工作积极性及人员质量,也有助于促进医院的发展,从而实现医院与医务人员的共同发展,有助于解决医疗机构医务人员不足的问题。