比较效果研究常用方法之二：队列研究设计

队列研究是循证医学证据等级中仅次于随机对照试验的临床研究证据,本质上属于观察性研究,也是常用的比较效果研究的研究类型。队列研究既容易满足伦理的要求,也有着较强的外部真实性,同时还能验证因果关系,比干预性研究的典型代表随机对照试验更贴近于临床实际。从比较效果研究角度介绍队列研究用于疗效评价时暴露的定义、对照的选择、结局指标的选取、样本含量计算等设计要点及其优缺点,同时讨论了研究过程中可能存在的偏倚及控制方法,并提供了队列研究的方法学质量评价标准和报告规范。     

全国20家医学情报研究机构内部科室设置现况调查分析

以<医学信息学杂志>和<中华医学图书情报杂志>刊发论丈的作者为研究对象,统计分析其作者队伍基本情况.2种期刊论文的主要作者来自医学图书馆和医学信息研究机构,高产作者大多沙及医学图书信息学的多个研究方向,有自己的研究特色;其学术创造期一般持续20年,高产峰期约在10年左右;作者合作程度在逐年增强,但仍处较低水平.研究结果表明,这2种期刊是我国医学信息学界成果发布与学术交流最重要的论丈刊发平台.     

肉鸡胴体中沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及多重耐药谱研究

目的:为了解肉鸡胴体中沙门氏菌的污染状况?多重耐药状况及耐药程度,对样品中的沙门氏菌进行分离鉴定和药敏试验研究?方法:根据GB/T 4789—2008对沙门氏菌进行分离鉴定,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定分离株的耐药性?结果:肉鸡胴体沙门氏菌的检出率高达34.8%;样品中分离的沙门氏菌血清型主要为奥尔巴尼型(29.6%)和印第安纳型(50.7%);药敏试验显示,大多数沙门氏菌至少对3种以上的抗生素产生耐药,耐3~7种药物的有24株(33.8%),耐8~12种药物的有19株(26.8%),耐13~16种药物的有26株(36.6%);分离株对抗生素的耐药情况是:萘啶酸(100%)?磺胺嘧啶(98.6%)?氨苄青霉素(97.2%)?复方磺胺甲恶唑(85.9%)?四环素(85.9%)和阿莫西林/克拉维酸(84.5%)?结论:肉鸡胴体中沙门氏菌的污染现象严重,沙门氏菌耐药或多重耐药现象十分普遍,未来应加强对鸡胴体中沙门氏菌感染及耐药的监测?     

中医药学语言系统的语义网络框架：一个面向中医药领域的规范化顶层本体

中医药学语言系统（TCMLS）旨在实现规范化、一体化的中医药术语体系,以支持中医药文献与数据资源的合理组织和有效检索。“Health informatics—Semantic network framework of traditional Chinese medicine language system[ISO／DTS17938]”（健康信息学-中医药学语言系统的语义网络框架）是国际标准化组织（ISO）于近期完成、正在审核的技术规范草案。它作为一个面向中医药领域的规范化顶层本体,为中医药学语言系统中的所有概念提供了一体化的概念框架,对于中医药学语言系统的规范化和国际化具有重要意义。     

Sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma – a post marketing evaluation

Background: Sorafenib is an orally active multikinase inhibitor licensed for the treatment of patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Patients and methods: The web-based registry, used for appraisal on new drugs, allows developing the observational prospective analysis of innovative drug therapies. To establish clinical impact of Sorafenib, institutional data were collected prospectively through the registry.

Results: A total of 81 patients treated with Sorafenib were reviewed (median age = 65 years) and the follow-up duration was 30 months. Every patient was checked for length of treatment, toxicity and outcomes. Based on the study sample, the median time to progression was 3 months and median overall survival was 8 months. We found 52% progressions at first evaluation and the disease control rate was 32%.

Conclusion: Our data from real life practice showed that the clinical benefit of Sorafenib in unresectable HCC was gained in selected responder patients.     

Severe Sexual Harassment on Social Networking Sites: Belgian Adolescents’ Views

Online sexual harassment is increasingly encountered by adolescents and is associated with various negative psychosocial outcomes. In particular, social networking sites (SNSs) may facilitate sexual harassment. This study used focus groups to examine sexual harassment on SNSs from adolescents’ (aged 12–18 years) point of view: what do they perceive as severe cases and who do they think should play a role in addressing them. The qualitative data suggested that sexual harassment was appraised as more severe when it concerned personally targeted gender harassment, situations with restricted escape possibilities, the use of insulting words, the non-consensual use of pictures for sex-related purposes, or frequent adult-initiated sexual attention. Adolescents think that educating potential victims and harassers is important. In addition, SNS providers can play a crucial role in decreasing the impact of sexual harassment by providing a safe environment and by warning or sanctioning harassers.     

The perception of the Illness with Subsequent Outcome Measure in More Favorable in Continuos Peritoneal Dialysis vs Hemodialysis in the Framework of Appraisal Model of Stress

The aim of the study was to use the appraisal model of stress to compare hemodialysis (HD) and continuous peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients with special focus on the perception of end-stage renal disease and subsequent emotional profile and health related quality of life (HQoL) in. We hypothesize that different circumstances related to both modes of therapies will result in dissimilar perception of chronic illness with subsequent changes in emotional profile and heath related quality of life. The total of 88 patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) enrolled in hemodialysis (n=52; HD) or continuous peritoneal dialysis (n=36; CAPD) were given a battery of psychological tests: The Profile of Mood States, The Nottingham Health Profile, The Stress Situation Assessment Questionnaire, The Social Appreciation Questionnaire and The Situation and Trait and Anxiety Inventory. All patients perceived ESRD in terms of a loss and a threat. Moreover, CAPD patients evaluated ESRD as a challenge. Despite different perception of ESRD no significant difference in the level of fear, anxiety or emotional profile was found. Both HD and CAPD patient were reported more fatigue/inertia and confusion/bewilderment than control groups. The main health related complaints were similar in both ESRD patients with major complaints of sleeping disturbances, motor limitations and lack of energy. From the psychological point of view, CAPD treatment seems more like challenge to the enrolled patient which is positive outcome. Despite different appraisal of stress mood and health related complaints were similar in both groups. This may be a result of optimal regulation of cognitive perception of the stress depending on the circumstances of therapy.     

浅析城市环卫道路保洁车专用机构的传动方式

从技术及使用方面对现有国产环卫道路保洁车的专用机构传动进行了分析,得出采用全液压传动方式是环卫道路保洁车动力传递的最佳选择,并阐述了其先进性和适用性。     

大数据时代无服务器计算在科技情报服务中的应用

无服务器计算和科技情报的有机结合可形成数据、服务、应用的生态闭环，有助于为未来科技情报工作的发展提供有力支撑。研究分析了云计算在当前科技情报服务中的弊端和基于无服务器计算的科技情报服务平台的优势，总结了科技情报服务的基本流程和无服务器计算在科技情报服务系统中的应用经验，结合大数据、无服务器计算等技术和科技情报服务方法论构建了基于无服务器计算的科技情报服务系统模型和架构，为今后构建无服务器科技情报服务系统的相关研究与实践提供新思路。     

国内外心脏疾病医疗服务质量评估现状

心血管疾病作为全球主要死亡和致残原因,给医疗卫生系统带来了巨大负担.世界各国专家已对该类疾病开展了大量的研究,其中极为重要的一项是通过评价心血管病的医疗服务质量,帮助医院发现问题以及找到提高医疗服务水平的突破口.总结并讨论了国内外心脏病医疗服务质量评价的方法、目的、内容以及数据来源,为建立和完善中国的心血管疾病医疗服务质量评估体系提供借鉴.