盆腔侧方淋巴结转移对低位直肠癌预后的影响

Objective To evaluate the prognostic value of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis on low rectal cancer. Methods One hundred and seventy-six patients with low rectal cancer who underwent radical resection combined with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection between 1994 and 2005 were reviewed. The data of the cases was investigated to define the prognostic value of lateral pelvic lymph node metastasis on the patients. Results Lateral node metastasis occurred in 33 patients (18.8%), and 51.5% of the metastasis occurred in internal iliac nodes or nodes at middle rectal roots and 39.4% in obturator nodes. Age ≤40 years, infiltrative cancer, T3-4 tumor, upward lymph node metastasis were risk factors for lateral node metastasis in low rectal cancer (P ＜ 0.05). The overall 5-year survival rate was 64.1%, and it was 94.1%, 79.1%, 42.1% for patients with TNM stage Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ cancer, respectively. Tumor size, depth of infiltration, upward lymph node metastasis, lateral node metastasis was correlated significantly with prognosis (P ＜ 0.05). The 5-year survival rate of the patients without lateral metastasis was 73.6%, which was significant higher than that of patients with lateral metastasis (21.4%, P ＜0.05). Conclusion Lateralpelvic lymph node metastasis is an important prognostic factor for low rectal cancer.     

Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy: a new minimally invasive procedure for radical management of inguinal nodes in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy is a recently described lymphadenectomy with the same template of the open technique but performed with laparoscopic instruments under video guidance. It was developed to decrease procedure related morbidity while maintaining good oncological results. We report our initial results in a trial comparing video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy with standard inguinal lymphadenectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2003 to 2005, 10 patients with penile carcinoma who were at high risk for inguinal metastases underwent bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy. We performed standard lymphadenectomy in 1 limb and video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy on the contralateral side. Perioperative results and followup data were compared. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred. Mean operative time was 92 and 126 minutes for open and endoscopic surgery, respectively (p=0.00002). Despite the small number of patients we noted a decrease in cutaneous complications with video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (0% vs 50%, p=0.017) and a trend toward decreased overall morbidity with this endoscopic technique (20% vs 70%, p=0.059). The mean number of retrieved and positive lymph nodes were similar for the 2 techniques. At a mean followup of 18.7 months (range 12 to 31) no signs of recurrence or disease progression were noted. In the postoperative period 9 of the 10 patients identified video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy as the preferred technique in terms of surgical morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy is a safe and feasible technique in patients with penile carcinoma and nonpalpable nodes. These preliminary results suggest that video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy may decrease postoperative morbidity without compromising oncological control. Future studies should include the bilateral procedure, longer term followup and a greater number of patients.     

瘘管切除合并内口结扎治疗肛瘘临床疗效分析(附74例报告)

目的观察瘘管切除合并内口结扎治疗肛瘘的临床疗效。方法选择74例内口在肛管齿线附近的肛瘘患者,采用将瘘管完全剥离切除,内口盲端结扎的方法手术的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果 74例患者全部一次性治愈,住院时间为12~23d,完全愈合时间为22~47d。痊愈后肛门外观无缺损、移位等改变,生理功能正常。3例患者早期有少许黏液泄漏,8~10周后症状消失,肛门无失禁。结论采用瘘管切除合并内口结扎的手术方法治疗肛瘘彻底,治愈率高,疗效确切,无肛瘘再次复发。     

腹腔镜与开腹中低位直肠癌全直肠系膜切除保肛手术长期结果的meta分析

目的:通过meta分析比较腹腔镜与传统开腹全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)保肛手术治疗中低位直肠癌长期结果的差异。方法:检索Pub Med、MEDLINE、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献服务系统(CBM)、万方数据库、中国知网数据库、维普等电子数据库。收集比较腹腔镜与开腹中低位直肠癌TME保肛手术的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)、非随机对照试验(non-randomized controlled trial,non-RCT)。统计分析使用Revman 5.2软件。结果:共将6篇文献纳入meta分析,1篇RCT,5篇non-RCT,共882例患者,其中腹腔镜组477例,开腹组405例。两组切缘阳性比值比(odds ratio,OR)=1.67,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)=(0.91,3.05)(P=0.10);吻合口瘘OR=1.03,95%CI=(0.57,1.87)(P=0.91);局部复发OR=0.71,95%CI=(0.16,3.15)(P=0.65);总生存率风险比(hazard ratio,HR)=0.98,95%CI=(0.90,1.07)(P=0.67);无病生存率HR=1.02,95%CI=(0.82,1.28)(P=0.85)。两组差异均无统计学意义。结论:腹腔镜中低位直肠癌TME保肛手术具有与传统开腹手术相似的长期结果。但目前仍需设计RCT评估患者术后长期肿瘤学结果及术后生活质量。     

Robotic versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: a meta-analysis

Background

Robotic surgery has been used successfully in many branches of surgery; but there is little evidence in the literature on its use in rectal cancer (RC). We conducted this meta-analysis that included randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized controlled trials of robotic total mesorectal excision (RTME) versus laparoscopic total mesorectal excision (LTME) to evaluate whether the safety and efficacy of RTME in patients with RC are equivalent to those of LTME.

Materials and methods

Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid, and Web of Science databases were searched. Studies clearly documenting a comparison of RTME with LTME for RC were selected. Operative and recovery outcomes, early postoperative morbidity, and oncological parameters were evaluated.

Results

Eight studies were identified that included 1229 patients in total, 554 (45.08%) in the RTME and 675 (54.92%) in the LTME. Meta-analysis suggested that the conversion rate to open surgery in RTME was significantly lower than in LTME (P = 0.0004). There were no significant differences in operation time, estimated blood loss, recovery outcome, postoperative morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, and the oncological accuracy of resection and local recurrence between the two groups. The positive rate of circumferential resection margins (P = 0.04) and the incidence of erectile dysfunction (P = 0.002) were lower in RTME compared with LTME.

Conclusions

RTME for RC is safe and feasible, and the short- and medium-term oncological and functional outcomes are equivalent or preferable to LTME. It may be an alternative treatment for RC. More multicenter randomized controlled trials investigating the long-term oncological and functional outcomes are required to determine the advantages of RTME over LTME in RC.     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌的疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗低位、超低位直肠癌的临床疗效。方法将86例低位直肠癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各43例,观察组患者行腹腔镜TME,对照组患者行开腹TME,术后观察两组患者的手术相关指标、肿瘤根治性指标、术后恢复指标、费用、术后并发症。结果观察组术中出血量少于对照组(P0.05);观察组的手术时间、术后肛门排气时间、留置导尿时间、术后住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后的切口感染、肠粘连、尿潴留明显少于对照组(P0.05);观察组的肿瘤大小、切除标本长度、吻合口瘘发生率、清扫淋巴结数目、肿瘤远端切缘长度及肿瘤分期等方面与对照组比较差异无显著统计学意义(P0.05);但观察组的手术费用、住院总费用高于对照组(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜TME治疗低位、超低位直肠癌疗效确切,具有创伤小、疼痛轻、出血量少、肛门恢复排气时间快、术后并发症发生率低、疗程短及预后好等优点,整体上较为安全可靠,值得临床广泛应用。     

整块切除与分块切除治疗骶骨软骨肉瘤的预后分析

目的 :比较不同手术方式对骶骨软骨肉瘤患者预后的影响。方法 :回顾性分析1999年10月~2012年12月间收治的38例骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的临床资料,男20例,女18例;平均年龄42.5岁。除1例骶骨间叶型软骨肉瘤患者放弃治疗外,余37例患者均接受手术治疗,其中12例患者接受整块切除手术,25例患者接受分块切除手术。将术后出现肿瘤局部复发或远处转移定义为疾病进展并计算其发生率;应用Kaplan-Meier法测算术后生存率、无病生存率;应用Log-rank检验对手术方式与术后生存期、无病生存期的关系进行分析;应用χ2检验比较不同手术方式术后并发症发生率;应用独立样本t检验比较不同手术方式的术中出血量。结果:研究共纳入34例具有完整随访资料的骶骨软骨肉瘤患者,随访时间平均29.7个月(4~136个月),至末次随访时共12例死亡(35.3%),19例复发(58.8%),1例发生转移(2.94%)。应用Kaplan-Meier法测算术后总生存期平均为87.0±11.3个月,术后1年、2年、5年总生存率分别为82.2%、68.6%和59.4%;无病生存期平均为48.5±11.8个月,术后1年、2年、5年无病生存率分别为52.6%、48.6%和25.5%。整块切除组与分块切除组的疾病进展发生率分别为27.3%和73.9%。整块切除能够更有效地改善骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的无病生存率(P<0.05),其术后并发症发生率以及术中出血量与分块切除相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:与分块切除比较,整块切除能够有效改善骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的预后,同时其手术安全性亦令人满意,可作为骶骨软骨肉瘤患者的首选手术方式。     

腹腔镜根治手术在胃癌中应用的现状与争议

我国胃癌治疗效果仍不容乐观,我中心近年来由于规范的手术质量控制,胃癌尤其进展期Ⅲ期胃癌的治疗效果得到很大提高。全球多中心大样本的临床研究已明确了腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗早期胃癌的安全性和有效性,中国和日本先后将腹腔镜手术确定为临床I期远端胃癌的推荐术式。腹腔镜根治手术治疗进展期胃癌,手术难度大、学习曲线长。目前,中国、日本和韩国等开展了多项临床研究评价腹腔镜根治手术治疗进展期胃癌的可行性、有效性,有望证实其长期疗效。随着手术技术进步、手术步骤优化、手术操作进一步熟练,腹腔镜根治手术治疗胃癌的适应证将不断扩大。腹腔镜手术可完成常规的淋巴结清扫,有经验的中心甚至可完成扩大清扫及脉络化清扫。进展期胃癌根治手术网膜囊切除存有争议,掌握技术,腹腔镜下网膜囊切除安全、可行,本文总结分享了我中心腹腔镜下胃癌根治网膜囊切除的经验。随着腹腔镜手术技术和设备的发展,以及经验的积累,腹腔镜手术在保证其安全性的前提下,完全可达到与开腹手术相当的根治程度。对于腹腔镜根治手术存在的争议,需开展相应的临床研究,以期进一步阐明腹腔镜根治手术在胃癌治疗中的优劣。     

三维可视化技术在胰头癌胰腺全系膜切除术中应用研究

目的 探讨三维可视化技术在胰头癌胰腺全系膜切除术中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月至2017年6月在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院普外科行胰腺全系膜切除的105例胰头癌病人资料,采用三维可视化技术对胰头肿瘤的部位、大小、与周围血管的毗邻关系进行观察,完成术前可切除性的评估,共施行胰腺全系膜切除术105例。结果 平均手术时间239 min,平均术中出血409 mL。29例（27.6%）发生术后并发症,无围手术期死亡病例。74例标本三维空间切缘病理学检查达到R0切除,R0切除率为70.5%。结论 三维可视化技术在胰头癌全系膜切除术前规划中的应用,可以更好地指导胰头癌的精准手术,提高了术前评估的准确率与手术的R0切除率,降低手术并发症发生率。