成人与统招医学生心理健康状况的对照研究

目的 为了研究成人与统招医学生心理健康状况和特点。方法 选用症状自评量表(SCL一90)对146名成人医学生和l58名统招医学生进行测查。结果 统招组除忧郁、焦虑两个因子分以外(P＞0．05)其余各因子分均高于中国正常人常模因子分(P＜0．01)；成人组除躯体．敌对两个因子分以外(P＞0．05)，其余各因子分均高于中国正常人常模因子分(P＜0．01)；两组比较，躯体化、抑郁两个因子分统招组明显低于成人组(P＜0．01)。结论 两组均存在心理健康问题，对医学生应加强心理健康教育和心理咨询工作。     

精神分裂症患者亲属SCL-90评定分析

目的了解精神分裂症患者亲属心理状态与正常人的差异.方法对精神分裂症患者亲属采用SCL-90量表进行评定.结果精神分裂症患者亲属存在明显的紧张、焦虑、恐惧、偏执,SCL-90量表总分明显高于常模,女性对事件的反应态度较男性更强烈.结论精神分裂症患者亲属心理健康较差,必须进行心理教育、咨询和治疗,防止或减少精神疾病的发生.     

新疆核试验场周围土壤中90Sr137Cs水平

用放射化学分析方法,对新疆核试验场周围10个调查区和远离核试验场位于上风向的5个对照区采取的土壤样品进行了⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs分析测定。核试验场周围调查区土壤中⁹⁰Sr累积平均沉降量为1.5×10³Bqm^-2,¹³⁷Cs为4.9×10³Bqm^-2;对照区⁹⁰Sr累积平均沉降量为1.3×10³Bqm^-2,¹³⁷Cs为3.9×10³Bqm^-2。调查区和对照区表层土壤中州⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs放射性平均水平无显著性差异。通过估算得出了调查区⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs对居民产生约定有效剂量当量分别为78.3μSv(集体剂量当量负担为23.9人·sv)和270μSv(集体剂量当量负担为82.3人·sv),对照区分别为70.5μSv,(集体剂量当量负担为14.1人·sv)和220μSv(集体剂量当量负担为14.1人·sv)。两个地区居民受到来自核试验产生的⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs给予人体的内照射剂量当量负担基本上是一样的。可认为⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs对新疆核试验场周围没有造成严重的局部污染。对居民的身体健康不致于产生不良影响。     

Behaviour problems in adult women with Rett syndrome

Background Despite considerable interest in the genetic, physical and neurological aspects of Rett syndrome (RS), there have been few studies of associated behavioural and emotional features. Furthermore, few case studiesor surveys have included adult women with RS. The main aim of the present study was to compare behaviour problems in a sample of women with RS against data from normative samples. Methods The primary carers of 50 women with RS completed the community version of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist. Results Women with RS were rated as having lower levels of irritability, hyperactivity and inappropriate speech behaviours than normative samples of adults with intellectual disability. Conclusions A number of factors may affect the presentation of behaviour problems in women with RS (e.g. cognitive impairments or physical disabilities). Therefore, more research is needed in order to generate information about the behavioural phenotype of RS. The implications of the present data for future research are also discussed.     

易清洗操作的折流式连续逆流提取机

主要介绍一种易清洗操作的折流式连续逆流提取机和长槽法兰紧固件，     

心理干预前后药物流产妇女SCL-90测评结果对比分析

目的:探讨心理干预对药物流产妇女心理状态及药物流产效果的影响。方法:将451例药物流产妇女随机分为研究组和对照组,首诊和服用米索前列醇前采用症状自评量表分析系统SCL-90评定心理状态的变化,并对药物流产过程进行效果评价。结果:研究组经心理干预后绝大多数因子分降低(P<0.05),但仍高于全国常模(P<0.05);对照组服用米索前列醇前焦虑、抑郁因子分明显高于首诊(P<0.05),其余因子分无明显变化(P>0.05);研究组的消化道症状、疼痛程度、药物流产时间均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:心理干预能明显改善药物流产对妇女心理状态的不良影响,减轻消化道症状、降低疼痛程度,减少流产时间。     

Prediction of lactose malabsorption in referral patients

Two hundred forty-two patients referred for various gastrointestinal complaints were evaluated for clinical parameters that would predict findings of lactose malabsorption. Breath hydrogen and blood glucose lactose tests were performed after ingestion of 50 g lactose. Presenting complaints, duration of symptoms, and patient demographics such as age, sex, and ethnic heritage were not different between lactose malabsorbers and absorbers as defined by the breath hydrogen lactose test. Foodrelated symptoms in general and after specific foods such as milk, ice cream, cheese, and yogurt were also similar between groups. Prior to testing, 30% of malabsorbers (N=161) and 36% of absorbers (N=81) reported lactoserelated symptoms (P=NS). The blood glucose response to lactose was abnormal in 60% of malabsorbers and 15% of absorbers. This study confirmed our impression that it is difficult to predict lactose absorption status by clinical parameters. The majority of our lactose malabsorber patients were unaware of lactose-associated symptoms. Furthermore, symptom assessment, demographics, food history, and blood glucose testing did not predict abnormal hydrogen responses to lactose.The opinions and assertations expressed herein are those of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting opinions of the United States Air Force or the Department of Defense.This work has been presented in part at the Annual Scientific Session of the American Gastroenterological Association, San Francisco, California, May 19, 1986, and published as an abstract (Gastroenterology 90:1562, 1986).     

Chronic Fatigue: A Survey, Outcome Study and Proposals

Background:  Sample sizes in studies of childhood chronic fatigue remain small and there is a need to integrate research findings and establish common criteria.
Method:  This is a detailed report of 20 children with medically unexplained fatigue, referred to as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). It includes an uncontrolled outcome study of treatment based on a pragmatic cognitive-behavioural model adapted for children at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.
Results:  The data revealed psychological distress at 30 times the prevalence found in the normal child population, with specific high-ranking symptoms, including headache, social withdrawal and decreased appetite. Onset tended to occur at 11 years of age with some earlier problems at school age, suggesting it might be possible to identify those most at risk. Follow-up demonstrated improvement in 87% of the sample (parental report), a significant increase in school attendance and a significant decrease in symptom severity. Factors associated with good outcome were short duration of fatigue (less than a year) and behaviours that tended to combat the cycle of avoidance, such as carefully planned home-tuition.
Conclusions:  Recording a comprehensive range of symptoms and factors facilitates comparisons within and between child studies. It is proposed that symptom severity is a particularly relevant measure for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome which is characterised by persisting symptoms.     

DSM-III symptom disorders (Axis I) and personality disorders (Axis II) in an outpatient population

Type and prevalence of Axis I and Axis II disorders (DSM-III) were assessed in a sample of 298 consecutive psychiatric outpatients. The instruments used were SCID and SIDP. About half of the Axis I diagnoses consisted of different subgroups of depression. Most patients had more than one diagnosis, anxiety being the second most common disorder. Eighty one percent of the subjects met the criteria for a personality disorder diagnosis; half of them obtained more than one Axis II diagnosis. Personality disorder was more common among men than among women. Avoidant and dependent personality disorders constituted the most frequent diagnoses.