岩静脉的显微外科解剖及其临床意义

观测岩静脉的显微外科解剖特征，防止术中、术后出血等并发症。方法：通过２０例成人尸头解剖测量及６０例临床手术的观测，并进行统计学处理。     

Iatrogenic dissection of the portal vein during TIPS procedure

Dissection of the portal vein is a rare entity which has been rarely described during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. We report three cases of dissection during this procedure and their complications. One dissection was immediately treated with coaxial stents. The two others were complicated either by a thrombus or by a false aneurysm. In the first case a second parallel stent was used to treat this complication. The patient with the portal vein false aneurysm was transplanted 4 days after this diagnosis. Portal vein dissection in TIPS procedure appeared to be less rare than has been reported and must be considered as a potential cause of TIPS dysfunction. Received: 5 May 1999; Revised: 14 July 1999; Accepted: 14 July 1999     

Vascular ultrasound in obstetrics

The usefulness of the vascular ultrasound in the field of obstetrics is now well recognized. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and elastic property of the common carotid artery are affected by pregnancy and vary with complications. Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery reflects the vascular endothelial function and is reported to be useful in the management of complicated pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia. For the screening of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities in the perinatal period, compression ultrasonography (CUS) is useful.     

Retinal venous occlusion following COVID-19 vaccination: Report of a case after third dose and review of the literature

A 28-year-old, healthy male presented with blurring of vision in the right eye following third dose of the AstraZeneca/COVISHIELD vaccine. Further examination revealed ischemic central retinal vein occlusion, and subsequent laboratory investigations were inconclusive for his eye disease. He responded to pulse corticosteroid and tapering doses of oral corticosteroids without requiring any intra-vitreal injection. Twelve articles were identified with the help of a PubMed literature search, and a short review of these patients was performed. Retinal vein occlusion can occur because of inflammation-induced thrombosis after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination and may respond to anti-inflammatory therapy.     

16层螺旋CT在心房颤动射频消融术前的应用测量

目的研究心房颤动导管射频消融肺静脉电隔离术前左心房、肺静脉和食管16层螺旋CT成像技术及临床意义。资料与方法40例心房颤动患者在术前1-3天行多层螺旋CT（MSCT）检查,采用容积再现（VR）、多平面重组（MPR）及最大密度投影（MIP）等方法重组并测量各肺静脉口直径、左心房至肺静脉第一分支的距离、食管与左心房后壁接触的范围、食管壁厚度、左心房后壁厚度以及左心房与食管间的脂肪垫厚度。结果共显示肺静脉165支,右上肺静脉口前后径和上下径分别为（16.3±3.1）mm和（19.0±2.6）mm;右下肺静脉分别为（16.4±3.6）mm和（18.0±3.5）mm;左上肺静脉分别为（14.4±3.0）mm和（18.4±3.6）mm;左下肺静脉分别为（12.6±2.8）mm和（17.0±2.8）mm。食管与左心房后壁接触的平均长度为（56±12）mm,在双上、下肺静脉水平与左心房后壁接触的食管平均宽度分别为（10±5）mm和（14±5）mm。60%的食管位于左心房后壁中线偏左,大致与左上、下肺静脉口平行;40%的食管沿左上肺静脉向右下肺静脉斜行走行。左心房后壁和食管前壁的平均厚度分别为（2.2±0.8）mm和（3.5±1.6）mm。95%的左心房与食管间可见脂肪垫,其平均厚度为（0.8±0.2）mm。结论应用MSCT造影增强扫描可清楚显示各肺静脉口直径、分支特征、走行以及有无发育畸形,同时还能评价食管与左心房的关系,为心房颤动导管射频消融术的顺利实施提供重要解剖依据。     

心力衰竭对门静脉频谱形态的影响

目的探讨心力衰竭对门静脉频谱形态的影响,摸索超声检查评价心功能的新途径。方法选取临床Ⅰ～Ⅲ度心力衰竭患者60例,按心衰竭程度分组,每组各20例;健康对照组20例。排除肝脏及门静脉、下腔静脉病变。经右侧肋间及剑突下探查门静脉,在取得门静脉清晰二维切面图像后,记录1～3个呼吸周期中的门静脉频谱,观察频谱形态,记录各组不同门静脉频谱形态的例数,所获资料采用统计软件SPSS11.0处理。结果健康对照组门静脉频谱均表现为单向连续频谱,各心力衰竭组出现不同程度的门静脉收缩末期反向血流,Ⅲ度心力衰竭组门静脉频谱多出现恒定的收缩末期反向血流。结论心力衰竭可导致门静脉频谱形态异常,观察门静脉频谱形态,可作为判断心力衰竭程度的辅助依据。     

超声下两种颈内静脉置管法的比较

目的 超声下比较两种路径颈内静脉置管方法的准确性及并发症的发生率,寻找更安全、可靠的颈内静脉穿刺路径。方法 选择需行颈内静脉穿刺患者60例,随机分为传统中路法穿刺组(A组,n=30)与颈内静脉搏动点法穿刺组(B组,n=30)。观察颈总动脉直径(D1)、颈内静脉直径(D2)、颈总动脉和颈内静脉重叠覆盖率、穿刺路径距颈内静脉中心距离(D3)、穿刺路径距颈总动脉外侧距离(D4)及可能触及颈总动脉例数。结果 与A组比较,B组D3较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组D4明显大于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 颈内静脉搏动点法行颈内静脉穿刺更准确,并发症发生率更低。     

奥曲肽治疗对食管胃底静脉曲张出血的肝静脉压力梯度及血流速度的影响观察

目的:观察奥曲肽治疗肝硬化门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血肝静脉压力梯度(HVPG)等的变化,探讨奥曲肽止血机制.方法:采用随机对照的方法,病例分为低剂量奥曲肽治疗组(A组,n=18);高剂量奥曲肽治疗组(B组,n=18)和对照组(C组,n =18).治疗肝硬化食管胃底静脉曲张出血,在基础治疗(禁食、输液、输血、对症处理)的基础上,全部病例予以奥美拉唑注射液40 mg,每12h1次静脉滴注抑酸.治疗组A、B组分别以奥曲肽注射液25、50 μg/h的速度微泵静脉维持治疗.观察治疗前后HVPG,门静脉内径,血流速度及呕血、黑便等的改变情况.结果:治疗前与治疗后24、72 h,两治疗组HVPG比较对照组显著降低,有统计学差异(P =0.00,P=0.00).而治疗组A、B治疗后24 h HVPG有统计学差异(P=0.00),治疗后72 h HVPG无统计学差异(P=0.14).治疗组比较对照组门静脉内径减小有统计学差异(P＜0.05);治疗组A、B与对照组在治疗24、72 h呕血,黑便量相比较明显减少,有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:奥曲肽能显著降低HVPG,减少门静脉内径,较高浓度奥曲肽在24 h内疗效更快,奥曲肽联合奥美拉唑比较单独奥美拉唑止血疗效更显著.     

视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的抗VEGF药物治疗进展

视网膜静脉阻塞是一种常见的眼科疾病,黄斑水肿是其重要临床表现,对视力有重要损害。血管内皮生长因子（ｖａｓｃｕｌａｒｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｇｒｏｗｔｈｆａｃｔｏｒ,ＶＥＧＦ）在视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿形成中可能具有重要作用,因此,抗ＶＥＧＦ药物的应用,提供了新的治疗手段,雷珠单抗、贝伐单抗、阿柏西普、康柏西普是临床上用于玻璃体内注射的主要抗ＶＥＧＦ药物,本文就各种抗ＶＥＧＦ药物的临床疗效作一综述。