巨细胞病毒DNA含量及T淋巴细胞亚群变化与抽动障碍发病的关系

目的 检测抽动障碍患儿巨细胞病毒DNA含量及T淋巴细胞亚群的临床意义。方法 采用荧光基因定量检测法分别对 101例抽动障碍患儿和 34例健康对照组儿童进行血清HCMV基因定量检测,并用间接免疫荧光染色法分别测定两组儿童外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果 抽动障碍患儿血清中HCMV检出率(36. 6% )显著高于正常对照组(2. 9% ) ( 2 =14. 07, P<0. 01),外周血CD4 、CD4 /CD8 [ (36. 71±4. 67)%, (106. 76±19. 23)% ]较正常对照组 [ ( 40. 24±2. 51 )%, ( 131. 57±37. 69 )% ]显著降低,而CD8 [ (35. 28±3. 96)% ]较对照组 [ ( 30. 63±7. 52 )% ]显著升高 (P<0. 01 )。抽动障碍患儿中HCMV阳性组CD8 [ (37. 84±6. 93)% ]与阴性组[ (31. 45±6. 28)% ]比较显著升高,CD4 /CD8 阳性组[ (90. 78±10. 76)% ]比阴性组[ (112. 76±14. 60)% ]显著降低(P<0. 01),而CD3 、CD4 两组间比较无显著差异(P>0. 05)。结论 HCMV感染可能是引起抽动障碍的一个重要原因。抽动障碍患儿存在明显的细胞免疫功能紊乱,表现为T淋巴细胞亚群平衡失调,提示细胞免疫功能紊乱可能与某些儿童易感HC MV及易患抽动障碍有关。     

晚期恶性肿瘤患者CD8及CD28 T淋巴细胞亚群结果分析

目的 分析晚期恶性肿瘤患者CD8及CD28 T淋巴细胞亚群的构成。方法 采用流式细胞术检查55例晚期恶性肿瘤患者T淋巴细胞亚群,并与体检健康者作比较。结果 研究组晚期恶性肿瘤患者CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值、CD8+CD28+明显低于对照组(P<0.01),CD8+,CD8+CD28-明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 晚期恶性肿瘤患者机体免疫功能低下,表现为CD4+,CD8+CD28+低下,而CD8+CD28-明显升高,因此临床上检测CD8+及CD28+淋巴细胞亚群,更能反映T淋巴细胞的免疫功能,具有一定的临床参考价值。     

Tyrosine hydroxylase and methionine-enkephalin in the human mesencephalon. Immunocytochemical localization and relationships

The immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and methionine-enkephalin (met-enkephalin) was determined at two representative caudal and rostral levels of the human mesencephalon. Four main groups of catecholaminergic neurons were delineated, situated in the substantia nigra and the lateral, ventromedial and dorsomedial tegmentum, extending over several cytoarchitectonic divisions. They matched fairly well the dopaminergic cell groups described in monkey midbrain. TH-like immunoreactivity and neuromelanin were closely related in neurons of substantia nigra, but less so in the other groups. A widespread met-enkephalinergic innervation was observed in most areas containing catecholaminergic neurons. It followed a characteristic pattern: homogeneous and very dense in the lateral and posterior portions of substantia nigra; patchy and less dense in the other areas, the medio-ventral and periaqueductal gray being only sparsely innervated, in contrast to observations in rodents. Dopaminergic cell bodies surrounded by met-enkephalinergic varicosities were seen in most groups, particularly in the lateral substantia nigra and medioventral tegmentum. The topography of met-enkephali-like immunoreactive terminals in the substantia nigra was reminiscent of the distribution of neostriatal and pallidal afferents.     

卵巢癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群的研究

本文应用流式细胞仪单克隆抗体,检测136例卵巢癌治疗前外周血T淋巴细胞亚群与正常对照组比较,T_4、T_8亚群出现紊乱;T_4/T_8值明显下降(P<0.001)。卵巢上皮性腺癌患者术后化疗随机分3组:化疗加干扰素组11例,化疗加中药组14例,单纯化疗组13例。每例接受5个疗程化疗,每次化疗前检测外周血T淋巴细胞亚群。结果显示:化疗加干扰素和配合中药组T_4/T_8值较单纯化疗组上升,同时可以减轻胃肠道反应和减少骨髓的抑制,有利于提高卵巢癌治疗的效果。     

Substance Abuse Problems,Psychiatric Symptoms,and Post-Treatment Status in MCMI Psychopathology Subgroups of Cocaine Dependent Males

This study involved cluster analysis of Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) records of 304 cocaine dependent males and examined differences among personality-based clusters in medical, legal, employment, drug, alcohol, family, and psychiatric problem severity at treatment intake and in outcome status during the 12 months after completion of residential drug treatment. A hierarchical cluster analysis (Ward's method) was used to identify 4 cluster subgroups: antisocial, subclinical, neurotic, and high psychopathology. MANOVA revealed that membership in Neurotic and High Psychopathology Cluster subgroups was linked with more severe family and psychiatric problems at treatment intake than found in the Subclinical Cluster Subgroup (all ps <. 05). The High Psychopathology Cluster Subgroup also had more severe drug problems at intake than did the Subclinical Subgroup (p <. 05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that membership in the High Psychopathology Subgroup predicted relapse/loss to follow-up status after controlling for age, education, ethnicity, treatment program attended, and pretreatment cocaine use frequency (X² = 21.25, df = 3, p <. 001).     

Differential pharmacotherapy for subgroups of fibromyalgia patients with specific consideration of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

Introduction: The fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) has a prevalence of about 2% and is characterized by generalized musculoskeletal pain, reduced pain threshold and autonomic and functional symptoms. It is a multifactorial syndrome with four different subgroups exhibiting pathophysiological and psychiatric findings. No precise treatment strategy is currently available for the different FMS subgroups.

Areas covered: This article reviews the evidence for treatment options for the different FMS subgroups.

Expert opinion: Therapy for the first subgroup of primary FMS, with high levels of pain but no psychopathological alterations, is targeted at nociceptors expressing serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine-3; 5-HT3) receptors with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. The second and third subgroups are characterized by depressive syndromes with a major indication for antidepressants. The fourth subgroup with psychosomatic syndromes requires psychotherapeutic treatment. Secondary FMS is similar to the primary syndromes but is triggered by a variety of other diseases and frequently responds to 5-HT3 receptor antagonist treatment. Different classes of drug, such as pregabalin, must be tested for efficacy and tolerance. FMS treatment strategies should be tailored after the identification of individual FMS subgroups. Although several groups of drug have been studied extensively, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are most effective in patients without psychopathological alterations.     

Conceptions of acculturation: a review and statement of critical issues

This article reviews evidence for re-conceptualizing acculturation status and acculturation process in health care research with United States (U.S.) Latino populations. Prior literature on acculturation has focused on: (a) acculturative change towards the dominant culture, (b) acculturation as it occurs with Mexican Americans, and (c) language as the principal component of acculturation. We review empirically based health research on acculturation and propose an ecodevelopmental framework for better understanding the process of acculturation. We then offer recommendations that may assist public health researchers, policymakers and program developers in better understanding "real world" acculturation. This includes understanding acculturation within this ecodevelopmental context for a more complete understanding of the acculturation process and its influences on health-related behaviors, with aims of reducing or eliminating health disparities in Latino populations.     

Detection of a human rotavirus strain different from types 1 and 2—A new subgroup? epidemiology of subgroups in a swedish and an ethiopian community

A possible new subgroup of human rotavirus was found by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The epidemiology of the established subgroups 1 and 2 and this new variant was studied in two different communities. Of 398 rotavirus isolates from Malm?, Sweden, 26.8% were of type 1, 71.7% of type 2, and 1.5% of the new variant. Corresponding figures for 384 samples from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, were 33.1% type 1 and 66.9% type 2. A total of 87% of the Swedish and 79% of the Ethiopian rotavirus-positive samples could be classified. The yearly distribution of the subgroups was stable and similar in Sweden and Ethiopia. The new variant could only be found in one outbreak during 1979. Among children with sequential infections eight of ten primary infections were type 1, and no one shed the same type of rotavirus twice.     

慢性肝病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化

本文采用流式细胞仪对５１例慢性肝病患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群进行了测定。结果发现慢性活动性肝为（ＣＡＨ）、慢性迁延性肝炎（ＣＰＨ）和肝炎后肝硬化（ＨＣ）患者与正常对照相比，ＮＫ数量明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０１），Ｄ４＾＋和ＣＤ３＾＋数量均明显降低（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＣＡＨ的ＣＤ８＾＋数量明显增加（Ｐ〈０．０１），且ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值明显下降（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＨＣ的ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值下降（Ｐ〈０     

The enteric nervous system participates in the secretory response to the heat stable enterotoxins of Escherichia coli in rats and cats

Intestinal secretion was evoked in periarterially denervated jejunal segments of anesthetized rats and cats by exposing the intestines to the heat stable (ST) toxins from a strain of Escherichia coli producing both STa and STb toxins. The secretion was significantly inhibited and to about the same relative extent by the addition of each one of the three following drugs: hexamethonium (i.v., rats), lidocaine (applied on the serosal surface, rats) and tetrodotoxin (intra-arterial, cats). Atropine inhibited fluid secretion in some experiments. It is proposed that a nervous mechanism is mediating part of the secretory response to Escherichia coli heat stable toxins, since three different drugs, which influence nervous activity in different ways, significantly diminished the secretory response. A model for the secretory nervous reflex(es) within the enteric nervous system is proposed; Escherichia coli heat stable toxins activate a "receptor cell" in the epithelium, which then stimulates surrounding dendritic nerve endings via the release of unknown substance(s). A nicotinic receptor is involved but further characteristics of the nervous reflex(es) remain to be elucidated.