大学生抗挫折能力现状及培养策略

挫折是大学生不得不面对的问题，抗挫折能力是大学生必备的素质之一，挫折教育也成为当代大学生重要的必修课程。本文简述了挫折的概念及挫折教育的意义，重点分析了大学生抗挫折能力的现状、影响因素及培养策略，旨在为提高大学生的心理素质，促进其健康成长提供依据。     

实施职业卫生分类分级监管的实践体会

流行性乙型脑炎（乙脑）是由乙脑病毒感染所致的中枢神经系统急性传染病，患者有高热、呼吸衰竭、意识障碍、抽搐等神经系统明显受损的表现。目前，该病缺乏特效治疗药物，临床主要依靠积极对症治疗和支持治疗。近年来，依靠先进的器官支持技术和优质的护理措施最大限度提高了流行性乙脑整体救治成功率，但极重型流行性乙脑患者会导致严重神经系统后遗症，其致残率仍然居高不下。本文就流行性乙脑后遗症处理中面临的诸多非医学问题，从生理、心理、社会、伦理等多方面进行探讨，分析其原因和对策，为提高患者生存质量提供参考。     

Dual-target inhibitors of bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) in cancer therapy: Current situation and future directions

Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is emerging as a therapeutic target that acts synergistically with other targets of small-molecule drugs in cancer. Therefore, the discovery of potential new dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 may be a promising strategy for cancer therapy. In this review, we highlight a series of strategies to design therapeutic dual-target inhibitors of BRD4 that focus on the synergistic functions of this protein. Drug combinations that exploit synthetic lethality, protein–protein interactions, functional complementarity, and blocking of resistance mechanisms could ultimately overcome the barriers inherent to the development of BRD4 inhibitors as future cancer drugs.     

Red blood cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease and in thalassaemia: current status,future perspectives and potential role of molecular typing

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are a milestone in the treatment for sickle cell anaemia (SSA) and for thalassaemia. RBC alloimmunization remains a major challenge of chronic transfusion therapy, and it can lead to adverse life‐threatening events. The alloimmunization risk could depend on multiple factors such as the number of transfusions and, most of all, the genetic background. Different ethnic groups are predisposed to immunization because of a significant degree of RBC antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient. There is no universal agreement and standards for the most appropriate selection of RBC units in chronically transfused subjects. Current practice only deals with compatibility of ABO, Rh and K antigens. Molecular RBC antigenic matching extended to other blood group systems is an innovative strategy to ensure a better quality and effectiveness of transfusion therapy.     

集束化护理对肺炎患儿雾化吸入治疗的效果研究

目的探讨集束化护理在肺炎患儿雾化吸入中的辅助效果。方法将120例肺炎需要雾化吸入的患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,对照组采用常规护理,观察组采用集束化管理,比较2组雾化吸入治疗过程中血流动力学指标的变化、治疗效果以及治疗耐受情况。结果观察组治疗过程中、治疗后p(CO2)低于对照组,治疗过程中和治疗后的p(CO2)、Sa O2高于对照组(P0.05);观察组中断治疗的比例少于对照组,雾化吸入耐受时间长于对照组(P0.05);观察组的发热消失、肺啰音消失、咳嗽消失、住院时间少于对照组(P0.05)。结论集束化护理策略有利于增加肺炎患儿雾化吸入的耐受性,提高治疗效果,缩短疗程。     

Targeted eco-pharmacovigilance as an optimized management strategy for adverse effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment

From a perspective of drug administration, eco-pharmacovigilance (EPV) has been proposed as a new approach to prevent the environmental risks posed by pharmaceutical emerging contaminants. However, it is impracticable to practice unitary and rigor EPV process for all the pharmaceutical substances with complex and diversified chemical, biological or toxicological properties. We proposed the “targeted EPV” that is the science and activities associated with the targeted detection, evaluation, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects of high-priority hazardous pharmaceuticals in the environment, especially focusing on the control of main anthropogenic sources of pharmaceutical emission among key stakeholders in high-risk areas could be used as an optimized management strategy for pharmaceutical pollution. “Targeted EPV” implementation should focus on the targeted monitoring of the occurrence of high-priority pharmaceuticals in environmental samples, the targeted reporting of over-standard discharge, the targeted management for main emission sources, the targeted legislation and researches on high-priority pharmaceutical pollutants, as well as the targeted educational strategies for specific key populations.     

北京大学口腔医学院创新科研人才培养机制的实践与思考

目前,大学医院在科研人才的培养上存在着管理理念落后、重临床轻科研及科研人才梯队不合理等问题.结合北京大学口腔医院科研人才培养的实践,从营造人文氛围、创建科研平台、营造制度环境、实施“走出去”战略以及院内博士后培养制度等方面进行了总结.在科研人才培养方面,强调树立人才培养的战略性思维,提升管理部门制度创新能力,打造服务型管理模式,鼓励科研人员拓展视野,瞄准国际科研前沿.     

实现医院X光片共享信息系统的安全策略

随着医院信息化建设的深入发展,为保证医院数据的连续性、完整性和准确性,信息系统需要24h不间断运行。因此,如何保证信息系统正常运行及信息安全,就成为一个重要问题,涉及到网络、环境、人等各方面因素。     

急诊科护士主观幸福感及影响因素研究

目的：分析急诊科护士主观幸福感特征,探讨影响主观幸福感的相关因素。方法选择西安交通大学第二附属医院急诊科护士217名为调查对象,采用Compbell幸福感指数量表评价其主观幸福感。分析性别、年龄、学历、工作时间和工作职称对主观幸福感的影响。使用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据统计及分析。结果单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、性别、学历、工作时间以及工作职称的护士主观幸福感得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素 Logistic 分析发现,年龄（OR=1.424,P <0.05）、性别（OR=1.354,P <0.05）、学历（OR=1.299,P <0.05）、工作时间（OR=1.301,P<0.05）以及工作职称（OR=1.227,P<0.05）均是护士主观幸福感的影响因素。结论护士主观幸福感受多因素影响,应针对原因采取相应措施提高护士主观幸福感。     

埃博拉病毒病治疗策略和新技术研究进展

埃博拉病毒(EBOV)能够引起人类高致死性埃博拉出血热,目前尚无安全有效的治疗策略和药物,但已经提出了一些对EBOV感染有显著疗效的候选治疗方法,包括混合单克隆抗体鸡尾酒疗法、多酶抑制剂和脂质纳米颗粒/小干扰RNA等。本文总结了在非人灵长类等动物模型上针对EBOV感染的治疗新策略和技术研究进展。