胃癌患者红细胞免疫功能的变化

运用简单形态学方法测定了３０例胃癌患者红细胞免疫功能，结果表明：胃癌患者红细胞Ｃ３ｂ受体花环率及肿瘤红细胞花环率显著低于正常对照（Ｐ＜０．０１）及慢性良性胃病患者（Ｐ＜０．０１），而免疫复合物花环率则高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１）及慢性良性胃病患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ⅲ、Ⅳ期胃癌患者肿瘤红细胞复合物花环率明于低于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）；贲门癌肿瘤红细胞花环率显著低于胃窦（体）癌患者（Ｐ＜０．０１）     

内镜治疗老年总胆管结石30例体会

目的：探讨内窥镜治疗老年总胆管结石的安全性和有效性。方法：对我院普外科收治的30例70岁以上的老年总胆管结石患者进行回顾性分析，所有患者均经B超或螺旋CT明确诊断并接受内镜治疗，治疗方法包括逆行胰胆管造影（endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)，鼻胆管引流（endoscopic nasobiliary drainage,ENBD)，乳头括肌切开（endoscopic shincterotomy,est)和取石术，碎石术，测定患者内镜治疗前后的生化指标变化。结果：30例老年总胆管结石患者行ERCP检查，成功率100％，28例行EST，总胆管结石直径＜1.0cm者成功率100％，结石直径1.0-1.5cm者成功率86％，结石直径≥1.5cm者需进行机械碎石取石，成功率75％；另有2例患者植入塑料支架作长期引流。1例患者发生与内镜有关的并发症，死亡例，30例患者治疗后各项生化指标较治疗前均有明显改善（P＜0．001）。结论：内镜治疗老年总胆管结石成功率增高，避免了手术创新，安全性好，缩短住院时间，是当前治疗老年总胆管结石的首选方法。     

老年心房颤动病人华法林抗凝治疗的有效性安全性评价

目的　评价华法林用于老年心房颤动病人抗凝治疗的有效性、安全性。方法　选择符合本研究抗凝标准的132例老年心房颤动病人随机分为两组 ,华法林治疗组 (治疗组 ) 5 8例 ,给予华法林 3mg/ d开始 ,监测凝血酶原时间(PT)及国际标准化比值 (INR) ,7～ 15 d使 INR达到 1.8～ 2 .5范围内 ,以后每月查 1次 INR。若病人增加或减少药物有出血倾向时随时再测 INR。阿司匹林对照组 (对照组 ) 74例 ,给予阿司匹林 30 0 mg/ d,分 2次口服 ,密切随访。结果　治疗组 7～ 15 d,平均 (9.1± 2 .8) d,INR达 1.8～ 3.0 (平均 2 .1± 0 .13) ,其中 INR在 1.8～ 2 .5 (平均 1.92±0 .2 3)之间者占 92 .7% ,治疗组有 1例心瓣膜病人出现脑梗死 ,而对照组有 7例发生脑梗死 ,差异显著 ,其余不良反应率两组差异无显著性。结论　老年心房颤动病人选择华法林 2～ 3mg/ d时 ,加强服药后监测及各药物间的相互作用 ,使 INR保持在 1.8～ 2 .5之间是有效、安全的     

手术显微镜下上颌窦自然口扩大术

手术显微镜下行上颌窦自然口扩大术治疗３３例慢性上颌窦炎患者，报告其手术方法及疗效，并与同期行传统上颌窦根治术（柯陆二氏手术）的疗效进行比较，结果表明该手术疗效明显优于柯陆二氏手术。     

Geriatric care on a ward without nurses

The Multiphasic Environmental Assessment Procedure (MEAP; Moos and Lemke, 1984) was used to assess three long-stay settings within a geriatric hospital, one of which is a non-nursing unit committed to the philosophy of residents viewing the setting as their own home. Findings suggest positive outcomes for residents on the nonnursing unit, and support the view that types of care fostering independence and personal responsibility of elderly residents in their setting may be associated with increased mental functioning and activity. The lack of trained nursing staff had no detrimental effect on any measure of resident life, and some specific caring practices on the unit may be interpreted as having a positive outcome for residents.     

联合切口径路全翻内置法鼓膜成形术

对各种慢性化脓性中耳炎采用联合切口径路全翻内置法行鼓膜成形术１１８例，取得良好效果，介绍了联合切口、全翻外耳道皮瓣和内置移植物的操作技术，探讨了该法取得良好效果的各种因素。     

老年人颅脑外伤后缺血性脑卒中发作特点及治疗

目的探讨老年人颅脑外伤后缺血性脑卒中发作特点及个性化治疗方案。方法针对7例颅脑外伤后急性期出现缺血性脑血管病症状的老年患者，通过脑血管造影检查分析其发病原因并根据不同的脑血管特点决定治疗方案。结果大多数患者（6／7）受伤前已存在不同程度的颅内外血管狭窄、血管壁溃疡以及附壁血栓形成等改变，提示脑缺血发作主要与这些病变为基础的脑血流下降、血栓脱落等因素密切相关。而外伤后脑灌注降低、脑血管痉挛是脑缺血发作的诱发因素。结论老年人外伤后的缺血性脑卒中发作主要与原有的脑血管基础疾病有关，预防和治疗老年人外伤后缺血性脑卒中发作，应基于这些病变特征并选择个体化治疗方案。     

老年患者尿路感染菌群分布及其耐药性分析

目的 :了解老年患者尿路感染致病菌的菌群分布及其对抗生素的耐药情况 ,为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法 :收集湖北省 15所三级甲等医院 2 0 0 2年尿路感染老年患者清洁中段尿细菌培养分离的 5 34株致病菌 ,对其进行耐药性监测。药敏采用K B法 ,用WHONET 5软件进行数据分析。结果 :共收集致病菌 5 34株 ,其中革兰阴性菌 4 0 9株 (76 .6 % ) ,革兰阳性菌 12 5株(2 3.4 % )。革兰阴性菌中大肠埃希菌检出率最高 (2 6 4株 ,4 9.4 % ) ,其次为克雷白杆菌 (44株 ,8.2 % )。 16 .7%的大肠埃希菌和 2 2 .7%的克雷白杆菌产超广谱 β 内酰胺酶。亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶对革兰阴性菌的抗菌活性最强 ,而革兰阴性菌对环丙沙星、庆大霉素、哌拉西林的耐药率均在 5 0 %以上。革兰阳性菌以肠球菌最多见 (6 4株 ,12 % ) ,其次为葡萄球菌属 (43株 ,8.1% )。革兰阳性菌对SMZco、红霉素等的耐药率均在 4 0 %以上 ,但对万古霉素均敏感。结论 :老年患者尿路感染以革兰阴性菌为优势菌株 ,且耐药性日益严重 ,对亚胺培南、阿米卡星、头孢他啶最为敏感。革兰阳性菌宜以万古霉素为首选。     

Risk groups for clinical complications of norovirus infections: an outbreak investigation

Norovirus infections have been described as self-limiting diseases of short duration. An investigation of a norovirus outbreak in a university hospital provided evidence for severe clinical features in patients with several underlying diseases. Clinical outcomes of norovirus infection were defined. Risk-factor analysis targeting underlying diseases and medication was performed using multivariate analyses. In five outbreak wards, 84 patients and 60 nurses were infected (an overall attack rate of 32% in patients, and 76% in nurses). The causative agent was the new variant Grimsby virus. Severe clinical features, including acute renal failure, arrhythmia and signs of acute graft organ rejection in renal transplant patients, were observed in seven (8.3%) patients. In multivariate analyses, cardiovascular disease (OR 17.1, 95% CI 2.17-403) and renal transplant (OR 13.0, 95% CI 1.63-281) were risk-factors for a potassium decrease of >20%. Age >65 years (OR 11.6, 95% CI 1.89-224) was a risk-factor for diarrhoea lasting >2 days. Immunosuppression (OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.78-20.1) was a risk-factor for a creatinine increase of >10%. Norovirus infections in patients with underlying conditions such as cardiovascular disease, renal transplant and immunosuppressive therapy may lead to severe consequences typified by decreased potassium levels, increased levels of C-reactive protein and creatine phosphokinase. In the elderly, norovirus infection may lead to an increased duration of diarrhoea. Therefore patients at risk should be hospitalised early and monitored frequently. Strict preventional measures should be implemented as early as possible to minimise the risk of nosocomial outbreaks.     

“分步给药”在低氧易感患者无痛苦胃镜检查中安全性的探讨

目的 探讨在低氧易感患者无痛苦胃镜检查中采用分步给药的安全性和镇静/镇痛效果.方法 接受胃镜检查的180例患者,其中有鼾症、或咳嗽、咳痰症状的患者120例单双号随机入选Ⅰ组(分步给药组)和Ⅱ组(普通组),60例无鼾症、咳嗽、咳痰症状的患者为Ⅲ组(常规给药组),Ⅰ组采用分步给药法,Ⅲ组采用常规给药法对患者实施胃镜检查前的镇静/镇痛术,Ⅱ组则进行普通胃镜检查,分析2种镇静法对SBP、DBP、SpO2、HR、清醒时间、患者反应、患者对检查过程的感受以及是否愿意再次接受检查的影响,评价分步给药法在低氧易感患者无痛苦胃镜检查中的安全性和镇静/镇痛效果.结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组检查中SBP、DBP变化无明显差异(均P＞0.05),Ⅰ组检查前、中SpO2的变化小于Ⅲ组(均P＜0.01);Ⅰ组进镜时咽部受刺激产生的恶心咽吐、流涎、咳嗽、躁动反应多于Ⅲ组(均P＜0.01),但较Ⅱ组少(均P＜0.01);Ⅰ组对胃镜检查的评价与Ⅲ组无明显差异(P＞0.05),与Ⅱ组相比有明显差异(P＜0.01).结论 分步给药法是一种适用于低氧易感患者无痛胃镜检查的安全、有效的镇静/镇痛方法.