配偶参与注意力训练对中年脑卒中患者认知功能的影响

目的探讨配偶参与注意力训练对中年脑卒中认知功能障碍患者认知功能恢复的效果。方法将98例中年脑卒中认知功能障碍患者按时间顺序分为对照组和观察组,对照组按常规护理,观察组安排配偶参与注意力训练,包括凝视法、冥想法、复述法、寻物游戏法等。于干预后3、6个月对患者的认知障碍严重程度和康复效果满意度进行测评。结果干预后观察组认知障碍严重程度显著轻于对照组,对认知功能恢复效果的满意度显著高于对照组(均P0.01)。结论配偶参与的注意力训练对中年脑卒中认知功能障碍患者的认知功能恢复效果显著。     

Domestic violence against women in India: A systematic review of a decade of quantitative studies

Domestic violence (DV) is prevalent among women in India and has been associated with poor mental and physical health. We performed a systematic review of 137 quantitative studies published in the prior decade that directly evaluated the DV experiences of Indian women to summarise the breadth of recent work and identify gaps in the literature. Among studies surveying at least two forms of abuse, a median 41% of women reported experiencing DV during their lifetime and 30% in the past year. We noted substantial inter-study variance in DV prevalence estimates, attributable in part to different study populations and settings, but also to a lack of standardisation, validation, and cultural adaptation of DV survey instruments. There was paucity of studies evaluating the DV experiences of women over age 50, residing in live-in relationships, same-sex relationships, tribal villages, and of women from the northern regions of India. Additionally, our review highlighted a gap in research evaluating the impact of DV on physical health. We conclude with a research agenda calling for additional qualitative and longitudinal quantitative studies to explore the DV correlates proposed by this quantitative literature to inform the development of a culturally tailored DV scale and prevention strategies.     

Association of intimate partner violence and health-care provider-identified obesity

ABSTRACT

The association of physical and nonphysical intimate partner violence (IPV) with obesity was examined. Women (N = 1,179) were surveyed regarding demographics, obesity, and IPV exposure using humiliate-afraid-rape-kick (HARK), an IPV screening tool. A three-level lifetime IPV exposure variable measured physical, nonphysical or no IPV. Health-care provider-identified obesity was defined if participants were told by a medical provider within the past 5 years that they were obese. Bivariate analyses examined obesity by IPV and demographics. Multivariable logistic regression assessed odds of obesity by IPV type, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, education, and marital status. Among participants, 44% reported lifetime IPV (25% physical, 19% nonphysical), and 24% reported health-care provider-identified obesity. In unadjusted analyses, obesity was more prevalent among women exposed to physical IPV (30%) and nonphysical IPV (27%), compared to women without IPV (20%, p = .002). In multivariable models, women reporting physical IPV had 1.67 times greater odds of obesity (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20, 2.33), and women reporting nonphysical IPV had 1.46 times greater odds of obesity (95% CI 1.01, 2.10), compared to women reporting no exposure. This study extends prior data by showing, not only an association between physical IPV and obesity, but also an association between obesity and nonphysical IPV.     

乌鲁木齐市MMT人员中HIV感染者的告知意愿分析

目的：了解HIV感染者和病人自愿检测、告知感染HIV病毒的情况，为进一步深化VCT策略和探索告知模式提供依据。方法：对257名HIV感染者和病人进行匿名现况调查，利用百分比和卡方检验描述。结果：告知率为93．85％；其中以告知配偶（95．08％）、父母（57．22％）为主，极少有人告知朋友或子女；未告知任何人的占26．03％；在配偶和性伴的告知率之间的差异具有统计学意义（红=20．09，P〈0．00）；在得知自己感染时，心理发生巨大变化的占89．63％；当天告知配偶的占62．59％，且民族间差异有统计学意义（x2=11．13，P〈0．05）；除配偶之外的首选告知对象为父母；愿意由自己实施告知的占88．49％；仅有4．92％的人不愿意告知配偶，有32．14％不愿意告知性伴。结论：吸毒人群，尤其是HIV阳性静脉吸毒者是HIV传播的核心人群，其配偶或性伴及其家庭成员是艾滋病病毒感染者和病人告知的主要对象，也是获得支持的重要来源，告知应考虑民族间差异。     

Positive emotions in caring for a spouse: a literature review

This article aimed at identifying the positive emotions connected to spouse caregiving and the advantages for spouse carers. Theoretically, the article is based on the concept of emotion and the assumptions of positive psychology. Data search is conducted via electronic literature databases and the analysis method is partly theory‐driven and partly inductive content classification. Our analyses discover and clarify the concepts associated with positive emotions in caring, such as the gains of caregiving, benefit‐finding, finding meaning, personal growth, post‐traumatic growth and resilience. We also utilise a conceptual framework to describe positive emotions in caregiving, and the identified advantages of positive emotions in spouse caregiving include distress buffering, mediation in coping with stress, increased quality of life and well‐being, and finding a sense of purpose. Finally, spouse care is seen in this article as a challenging life situation which at best can support personal growth, if the processing of both positive and negative emotions is included in daily life. Hence, the service and support system should be developed further by utilising the findings of positive psychology as well as studies of personal growth.     

夫妻共情对青年乳腺癌患者与配偶自我表露及亲密关系的交互影响

目的 基于主-客体互倚模型探讨乳腺癌患者与其配偶的共情对双方自我表露及亲密关系的影响。方法 采用一般资料调查表、人际反应指针量表、痛苦表露指数量表及Locke-Wallace婚姻调适量表对281例青年乳腺癌患者及其配偶进行调查,采用主-客体互倚模型处理成对数据。结果 患者的共情及自我表露总分显著高于其配偶(均P<0.05),但二者的亲密关系差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);主-客体互倚模型结果显示,患者及配偶的共情可以显著正向预测自身的自我表露及亲密关系,患者的共情可以显著正向预测配偶的亲密关系(均P<0.05),但不能显著预测其自我表露(P>0.05),配偶的共情能够显著正向预测患者的自我表露及亲密关系(P<0.05);路径分析显示,配偶自身的共情可以通过对患者的自我表露影响其亲密关系(P<0.05)。结论 乳腺癌患者及配偶的共情处于中等偏上水平,两者的共情影响自身和对方的自我表露及亲密关系。应基于共情的夫妻二元干预视角制订相关的改善措施,提升两者的共情能力,从而促进患者与配偶的自我表露并提升亲密关系。