Long‐term impacts of early‐life exposure to malaria: Evidence from Taiwan's Eradication Campaign in the 1950s

This paper utilizes the eradication campaign in Taiwan in the 1950s to estimate the long‐term impacts of early‐life (in utero and postnatal) exposure to malaria. Matching adults in the 1992–2012 Taiwan Social Change Survey to the malaria intensity in their individual place and year of birth, difference‐in‐difference estimation shows strong evidence that the eradication increased men's own educational attainment as well as their family income in adulthood. We also use the 1980 census data to show there was a sharp education increase after the eradication. Furthermore, the eradication increased the educational attainment of married men's spouses. Finally, quantile regressions show that the effect concentrated on the lower percentile of the income distribution. Overall, our results suggest negative effects of early‐life exposure to malaria.     

中青年乳腺癌患者配偶夫妻疾病沟通现状及影响因素分析

目的 调查乳腺癌患者配偶夫妻疾病沟通现状及其影响因素,为临床开展针对性配偶或夫妻干预提供参考。方法 采用一般资料问卷、夫妻癌症沟通问题量表配偶部分、二元应对量表、洛克-华莱氏婚姻调适量表及癌症自我效能量表-配偶版对278名中青年乳腺癌患者配偶进行调查。结果 中青年乳腺癌患者配偶的夫妻疾病沟通问题总分为15.66±2.27,自我效能、二元应对、婚龄及累计照顾时长是中青年乳腺癌患者配偶夫妻疾病沟通问题的影响因素（均P<0.05）,可解释总变异的40.1%。结论 中青年乳腺癌患者配偶夫妻疾病沟通问题处于中等偏低水平,自我效能低、二元应对水平低、婚龄短及累计照顾时间短的配偶与患者间更易出现沟通问题。医护人员应重视婚龄短、照护时间较短的夫妻,可以自我效能及二元应对为切入点制订配偶及夫妻相关护理措施,改善夫妻疾病沟通问题。     

艾滋病感染者和患者配偶调查结果分析

目的了解艾滋病感染者和患者配偶的艾滋病感染率和抗体阳转率等,为制定有针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法对409名艾滋病感染者和患者的配偶进行基线调查,收集社会人口学资料、艾滋病相关知识、性行为等信息,采血检测HIV抗体,并进行宣教咨询、发放安全套等干预。半年后对138名基线调查中HIV抗体检测为阴性的配偶进行随访调查。结果基线时调查对象艾滋病知识知晓率为69.9%;80.3%最近半年与配偶发生过性行为,50.2%未每次使用安全套;艾滋病抗体检测阳性率为34.7%。随访时调查对象的艾滋病知识知晓率上升为98.6%;84.1%最近半年与配偶发生过性行为,其中仅有2名随访调查对象未每次使用安全套;138名随访调查对象HIV抗体阳转率为0.7%。结论宣传干预与随访管理,在预防艾滋病经婚内性途径传播起着积极的作用,同时要加强单阳配偶抗病毒治疗,以降低配偶间传播的风险。     

配偶淋巴细胞注射联合黄体支持疗法在复发性流产患者中的应用观察

目的观察配偶淋巴细胞注射联合黄体支持在早期复发性流产患者中的应用效果。方法将184例URSA患者随机分为3组,A组（96例）同时接受配偶淋巴细胞注射加黄体支持治疗,B组（41例）排卵指导同房后接受黄体支持（地屈孕酮片＋黄体酮＋HCG）治疗,c组（47例）单独接受患者配偶淋巴细胞注射治疗,观察3组妊娠成功率、继续妊娠率（妊娠超过3个月）、足月分娩率。结果A组、B组、C组妊娠成功率为93．75％（90／96）、36．59％（15／41）、27．66％（13／47）,A组分别与B组、C组比较P均〈0．05;继续妊娠率分别为85．42％（82／96）、29．27％（13／41）、23．40％（11／47）,A组分别与B组、C组比较P均〈0．05;足月分娩率分别为84．37％（81／96）、29．27％（13／41）、19．15％（9／47）,A组分别与B组、C组比较P均〈0．05。结论配偶淋巴细胞注射联合黄体支持对提高复发性流产患者妊娠成功率及继续妊娠率有显著效果。     

中年夫妻心理健康水平及与其婚姻质量的相关分析

目的:探讨中年夫妻的婚姻质量对其心理健康的影响和夫妻之间的相互影响.方法:使用SCL-90和婚姻质量问卷对255对中年夫妻进行了婚姻质量与心理症状关系的调查和分析.结果:夫妻的SCL-90有4个因子的差异有统计学意义,其他因子和总分的差异无统计学意义;夫妻自述的婚姻质量与自己的SCL-90部分因子呈负相关,妻子自述的婚姻质量与丈夫的SCL-90所有因子和总分无相关,而丈夫自述的婚姻质量与妻子的SCL-90大多数因子和总分都呈负相关.结论:长期的婚姻生活存夫妻之间会产生心理的相互感染,并对双方的心理健康产生影响,且对妻子的影响尤甚.     

维持性血液透析病人配偶生活质量调查

[目的]了解维持性血液透析病人配偶生活质量，以期在今后的临床护理工作中对病人配偶进行相应的心理干预。[方法]应用生活质量综合评定问卷对98例维持性血液透析病人配偶及62名已婚正常对照者进行评定。[结果]维持性血液透析病人配偶的总体生活质量及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活均较正常对照组差，其中以心理健康和躯体健康对生活质量的影响最大。[结论]维持性血液透析病人配偶的生活质量较正常对照组差，并涉及身心健康多个方面。     

Myocardial infarction: survivors' and spouses' stress, coping, and support

Despite evidence that spouses play an important role in the recovery of MI survivors, there have been few studies of pertinent psychosocial factors from the perspectives of both survivors and spouses. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to describe stress, coping strategies and social support experienced by survivors and spouses. This study was limited to first-time MI to focus on a time of uncertainty and transition. Twenty-eight persons (14 couples) participated. Both survivors and their spouses reported similar post-MI stresses: emotional impact, lifestyle changes, encounters with health professionals, and their partners' reactions. Spouses and survivors used diverse strategies to cope with the stresses of MI. Seeking informational support was prevalent. Both spouses and survivors engaged in 'protective buffering' of their partners. Couples described deficient support, conflict and miscarried helping efforts within their relationships. Spouses and survivors referred to inadequate informational support from health professionals.     

Health status and health care use of Massachusetts women reporting partner abuse

BACKGROUND: Studies indicate that women abused by their intimate partners are at increased risk for a number of health problems and have increased rates of health care utilization. However, these findings are based mainly on studies using clinic or health plan populations. In this study, we examined the association between intimate partner abuse (IPA) and health concerns and health care utilization in a population-based sample of adult women. METHODS: We analyzed data on 2043 women aged 18 to 59 who participated in the 1998 Massachusetts Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a population-based health survey that included questions on IPA. IPA was defined as experiencing physical violence by, fear of, or control by an intimate partner. Consequences of IPA and self-rated health status and health care utilization of women experiencing IPA were examined. RESULTS: A total of 6.3% of Massachusetts women aged 18 to 59 reported IPA during the past year. Women experiencing IPA were more likely than other women to report depression, anxiety, sleep problems, suicidal ideation, disabilities, smoking, unwanted pregnancy, HIV testing, and condom use. Women experiencing IPA were less likely to have health insurance, but received routine health care at similar rates as other women. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that women in the general population experiencing IPA are at increased risk for several serious emotional and physical health concerns. Most of these women are in routine contact with health care providers. These findings also suggest that the BRFSS may provide a valuable mechanism for tracking state-based IPA prevalence rates over time.