Comparison of assays for determination of peptide content for lyophilized thymalfasin*

Abstract: Precise determination of the peptide content in drug substance samples depends highly upon the particular peptide compound and methodology used. Four independent methods were evaluated and compared to determine which would produce the best experimental precision for analysis of thymalfasin (thymosin α‐1). Four different methods were evaluated including elemental analysis (CHN), quantitative amino acid analysis (AAA), high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Kjeldahl. This study demonstrates that the AAA method is highly variable in one laboratory while quite precise in another laboratory. Similarly, HPLC results depended on the laboratory conducting the study with more precise values obtained under cGMP. On the contrary, the CHN method yielded highly precise [i.e. <2% coefficient of variation (CV)] values. As precise knowledge of protein content is fundamental for the compounding of final pharmaceutical product of a specific potency, the CHN analysis is recommended for peptide content determination of the drug substance thymalfasin.     

2002-2004年深圳市慢病院抗结核病用药情况分析

目的掌握我院抗结核药物的用药现状及变化趋势。方法对我院2002-2004年抗结核药物的用药品种、金额进行分析和比较。结果我院抗结核药物的用药金额2002-2004年呈逐年上升趋势。结论抗结核药物的品种相对较少,价格较便宜,但抗结核病药物在我院防病、治病方面占有重要的地位,其用药数量、用药金额都在不断增长,抗结核病药物品种亟待进一步开发。     

Timing deficits in apraxia of speech

Summary This paper deals with a particular aspect of speech motor control in patients suffering from apraxia of speech. Three experiments are reported concerning the phase relations between individual speech gestures. These include the timing of laryngeal, velar and labial movements relative to lingual gestures.A total of 8 patients and 12 normal controls were examined using speech material which was designed according to appropriate phonetic paradigms. Evaluation was performed on the basis of speech signal parameters referring to the kinematics of inter-articulatory phasing. Deviations of the patient group were found in all three experiments. This suggests that disturbed phase relations of individual speech movements are a general feature of apraxic speech. It is further hypothesized that the described motor symptoms are the origin of a variety of phonemic errors. Support for this view is provided by appropriate examples which refer to the examined paradigms. By this argument, much of the disturbed phonemic structure of apraxic speech may be accounted for by timing deficits.     

急诊抗菌药物的使用调查与分析

目的考察了解急诊抗菌药物的使用情况。方法随机抽取2008年7—12月的急诊处方2700张，对其中抗菌药物的应用情况进行统计分析。结果急诊抗菌药物使用率49．1％，药物应用形式以单用为主（占66．3％）；给药途径以口服和静脉注射为主。不合理用药处方占抗菌药物处方的10．8％，分别在选药方案、给药方案、溶媒使用、联合应用等方面存在问题。结论我院急诊抗菌药物的应用基本合理，但仍存在一定问题，需进一步加强管理。     

Multivariate modelling of responses to conditional items: New possibilities for latent class analysis

Questionnaire data may contain missing values because certain questions do not apply to all respondents. For instance, questions addressing particular attributes of a symptom, such as frequency, triggers or seasonality, are only applicable to those who have experienced the symptom, while for those who have not, responses to these items will be missing. This missing information does not fall into the category ‘missing by design’, rather the features of interest do not exist and cannot be measured regardless of survey design. Analysis of responses to such conditional items is therefore typically restricted to the subpopulation in which they apply. This article is concerned with joint multivariate modelling of responses to both unconditional and conditional items without restricting the analysis to this subpopulation. Such an approach is of interest when the distributions of both types of responses are thought to be determined by common parameters affecting the whole population. By integrating the conditional item structure into the model, inference can be based both on unconditional data from the entire population and on conditional data from subjects for whom they exist. This approach opens new possibilities for multivariate analysis of such data. We apply this approach to latent class modelling and provide an example using data on respiratory symptoms (wheeze and cough) in children. Conditional data structures such as that considered here are common in medical research settings and, although our focus is on latent class models, the approach can be applied to other multivariate models. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

精神病住院病例45年抽样分析

目的　对 4 5年来本院住院精神病病例的病种、分型、治疗措施和疗效等作一简要的回顾总结。方法　将自 195 4年 5月到 1999年 9月入院的病人 ,按首次入院日期每隔五年连续抽取 10 0份病例 ,扼要摘录有关内容进行登记、统计、分析。结果　男女病例数大致相仿。平均年龄 (31 9± 12 1)岁 ,平均住院日期 (6 2 1± 36 3)月 ,遗传史阳性率占 2 3 4 % ,精神分裂症占 5 4 % ,心境障碍占 13% ,癔症占 12 5 % ,电休克应用例数自 195 4年的 4 1 5 %降到 1999年的 2 % ,胰岛素治疗自 195 4年的 4 8%逐渐降低到 1989年 4 % ,1999年后为零。药物治疗西药自 5 7年的一种 (氯丙嗪 )增加到 1999年的 2 0余种。中药治疗经过 195 9年和 1970年的两个高潮 ,新针治疗自 196 9年至 1989年亦告结束。两者均无明显疗效。精神分裂症和心境障碍的显效率平均为 70 6 %和 90 8%。但均有评价过高之嫌。结论　根据我院的实践 ,传统的中药方剂、单味草药和“新针”治疗对主要精神病无明显疗效 ,195 9年后住院病人的疗效有明显的提高 ,愈来愈多的抗精神病药和取代了原有的胰岛素休克和电休克治疗。     

获得性大疱性表皮松解症基底膜自身抗体靶抗原的定位研究

目的 探讨获得性大疱性表皮松解症(EBA)基底膜带自身抗体(BMZ—Ab)的靶抗原及其定位情况。方法 用免疫印迹(IB)、盐裂皮肤间接免疫荧光(IIF)、间接免疫电镜(IIEM)等方法检测6例EBA血清中。IgG型及IgA型BMZ—Ab识别的真表皮抗原以及抗原定位情况。结果 6例EBA血清中IgG型BMZ—Ab均结合真皮提取物中290ku蛋白，3例同时伴有结合290ku蛋白的IgA型BMZ—Ab。盐裂皮肤IIF显示BMZ真皮侧IgG线状沉积，IIEM示金颗粒沉积于BMZ致密下层，即真皮锚原纤维的Ⅶ型胶原处。结论 位于BMZ致密下层的Ⅶ型胶原是EBA中BMZ-Ab的特异性靶抗原，Ⅶ型胶原上的抗原表位可被EBA血清中IgG及IgA型BMZ—Ab识别。     

早期糖尿病视网膜病变药物治疗的药物经济学分析

目的：探讨不同方案治疗早期糖尿病视网膜病变的经济效果,找出既经济又有效的方案。方法：对目前临床常用的4种不同治疗方案（导升明、胰激肽原酶、复方血栓通胶囊、复方丹参滴丸,治疗时间均为90d）运用药物经济学方法进行成本-效果分析。结果：4种方案所需费用分别为1417.50元、810.00元、891.00元、656.10元;治疗有效率分别为94.25%、85.09%、85.17%、83.53%;成本-效果比分别为15.04、9.52、10.46、7.85。结论：复方丹参滴丸治疗效果较好,不良反应少,成本低廉。     

结节性甲状腺肿合并其他甲状腺疾病临床分析

目的探讨结节性甲状腺肿合并其他甲状腺疾病的临床特点。方法回顾性分析我院手术治疗的4622例结节性甲状腺肿中并存其他甲状腺疾病的临床资料。结果4622例结节性甲状腺肿中700例合并其他甲状腺疾病，1418例存在不同的诊断失误。结论在诊断结节性甲状腺肿的同时应注意其合并的其他甲状腺疾病。