The Relationship between Gastrointestinal Health,Micronutrient Concentrations,and Autoimmunity: A Focus on the Thyroid

Currently, there is a lack of understanding of why many patients with thyroid dysfunction remain symptomatic despite being biochemically euthyroid. Gastrointestinal (GI) health is imperative for absorption of thyroid-specific nutrients as well as thyroid function directly. This comprehensive narrative review describes the impact of what the authors have conceptualized as the “nutrient–GI–thyroid axis”. Compelling evidence reveals how gastrointestinal health could be seen as the epicenter of thyroid-related care given that: (1) GI conditions can lower thyroid-specific nutrients; (2) GI care can improve status of thyroid-specific nutrients; (3) GI conditions are at least 45 times more common than hypothyroidism; (4) GI care can resolve symptoms thought to be from thyroid dysfunction; and (5) GI health can affect thyroid autoimmunity. A new appreciation for GI health could be the missing link to better nutrient status, thyroid status, and clinical care for those with thyroid dysfunction.     

Ⅰ和aVF导联联合Ⅱ导联法与传统Ⅰ和Ⅲ导联法判断QRS平均心电轴的比较

目的 比较Ⅰ和aVF导联目测判断QRS平均心电轴与Ⅰ和Ⅲ导联判断电轴的优势.方法 采用整群抽样法抽取兰州大学第二临床医学院2015级临床医学生,分为研究组和对照组,研究组用导联Ⅰ和aVF判断电轴,对照组用导联Ⅰ和Ⅲ判断电轴.判断标准依据心电图机系统化数据为参考结果 .结果 应用导联Ⅰ和aVF判断其中3个象限的心电轴快速...     

重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者的抑郁程度和HPA轴的影响

目的探讨重复经颅磁刺激对抑郁症患者的抑郁程度和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴活性的影响。方法采取双盲对照试验方案,将确诊的40例抑郁症患者随机分入工组（治疗组）和Ⅱ组（假刺激对照组）,每组治疗10天。在治疗前及治疗结束后当天检测Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）积分、血清皮质醇（CORT）及血清促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）浓度。结果治疗前全组的HAMD积分与血清CORT（r=0．948）和ACTH（r=0．971）浓度和治疗后治疗组的HAMD积分与血清CORT（r=0．920）和ACTH（r=0．978）浓度间均呈显著正相关关系（均P〈0．05）。治疗前两组的HAMD积分（t〈0．001）、血清CORT（t=-0．328）和ACTH（t=-0．228）浓度无统计学差异（均P〉0．05）;治疗后两组的上述指标均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论抑郁症患者的抑郁程度与其血清CORT和ACTH浓度呈正相关。rTMS有改善抑郁症状的作用,其抗抑郁作用的机制可能与其下调HPA轴的活性有关。     

哈蟆油石油醚提取物的抗抑郁作用

目的:探索哈蟆油石油醚部位(ROS)的抗抑郁作用及可能的机制.方法:雄性ICR小鼠,分为2批,每批均设空白对照组(生理盐水)和6个治疗组(分别给予阳性药氟西汀10 mg·kg-1和ROS不同剂量10,30,100,300,900 mg· kg-1),连续灌胃给药8d.第1批动物在第7天给药后1h和第8天给药后1h,分别采用小鼠强迫游泳和小鼠悬尾2种“行为绝望”抑郁动物模型进行行为学观察;行为学观察结束后小鼠眼球取血,用放射免疫法检测小鼠血清皮质酮(CORT)水平.第2批动物在第8天给药后采用利血平拮抗模型,观察ROS对由利血平引起小鼠体温下降和运动不能的影响.结果:ROS 100,300,900 mg· kg-1均能不同程度地缩短小鼠强迫游泳和悬尾不动时间(P＜0.05),能拮抗利血平致小鼠体温下降和运动不能(P＜0.05),降低小鼠血清皮质酮水平(P＜0.05).结论:ROS具有抗抑郁作用,其机制可能与单胺类神经递质以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴密切相关.     

肠道菌群与肾脏病的研究进展

肠道菌群即我们通常所说的“肠道微生物”，这类微生物不仅与营养、免疫、代谢有着重要关系，而且与疾病存在一定联系。虽然宿主-微生物群在健康和疾病中相互作用机制的探索处于起步阶段，但已有研究描述了肾病患者肠道菌群的变化，尽管二者之间的关系仍在发展中。本文基于“肠-肾轴”理念，对肠道菌群与肾脏疾病间关系的研究进展加以综述，此外还介绍了潜在的有针对性的治疗策略，可能有助于重建二者共生关系，希望对肾脏病的治疗提供进一步研究方向。     

从脑-肠轴角度探讨肠易激综合征的中医治疗

脑-肠轴学说认为肠易激综合征不仅仅是肠道疾病,还与中枢神经系统相关,是神经免疫内分泌网络调控失衡所致。中医治疗的多靶点效应与脑-肠轴、脑肠肽的关联。基于脑-肠轴理论的中医治疗方法有:中药经方、中药验方、中药灌肠、及推拿、针灸等。脑-肠轴理论与中医药相结合,规范研究中医药治疗肠易激综合征的疗效,深入探索中医药治疗肠易激综合征的机理,能充分发挥中医药特色与优势。     

Intestinal and pharyngeal microbiota in early neonates: an analysis based on high-throughput sequencing北大核心CSCD

目的 初步探讨早期新生儿肠道和咽部微生物群的分布特点及相关性。 方法 选取上海市浦东新区妇幼保健院2021年9月—2022年1月出生的混合喂养的足月健康新生儿为研究对象。采用16S rRNA基因测序技术分析新生儿出生当天及出生后5~7 d的粪便和咽拭子样本,分析比较早期新生儿肠道和咽部微生物群的组成及功能差异。 结果 多样性分析表明,早期新生儿咽部微生物群的多样性高于肠道,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。门水平上,出生当天肠道变形菌门相对丰度高于咽部（P<0.05）;出生后5~7 d肠道放线菌门和变形菌门相对丰度高于咽部、厚壁菌门相对丰度低于咽部（P<0.05）。属水平上,出生当天肠道和咽部的优势菌属组成差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;出生后5~7 d肠道和咽部的链球菌属、葡萄球菌属、罗氏菌属、双歧杆菌属及埃希菌-志贺菌属等共生菌差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。直系同源序列聚类数据库分析显示,咽部菌群更多地集中在染色质结构和动力学及细胞骨架上,而肠道菌群在RNA加工修饰、能量生成和转换、氨基酸转运代谢、碳水化合物转运代谢、辅酶转运和代谢等方面表现丰富（P<0.05）。京都基因和基因组百科全书分析显示,与咽部菌群相比,肠道菌群对细胞运动、细胞进程和信号转导、内分泌系统、排泄系统、免疫系统、代谢性疾病、神经系统和转录功能参数的预测程度更高（P<0.05）。 结论 新生儿出生时肠道和咽部的微生物群组成及多样性无显著差异,随着出生时间的推移,两个生态位的微生物群组成开始出现分化,并逐渐显现出各自不同的功能。     

泼尼松治疗婴儿痉挛症有效性及HPA轴机制分析

目的 通过研究泼尼松治疗前后婴儿痉挛症(infantile spasm,IS)的发作、脑电图的改变及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal,HPA)轴功能的改变,探讨泼尼松治疗婴儿痉挛症的有效性、HPA轴在IS发病机制中的作用,阐明泼尼松控制痉挛发作的HPA轴相关机制.方法 共收集30例符合标准IS病例(IS组),与30例健康婴幼儿(对照组)对比,对30例IS病例在泼尼松治疗前后进行发作次数记录、EEG监测、HPA轴功能检测,采用化学发光法检测血清皮质醇、促肾上腺皮质激素(adreno-cortico-tropic-hormone,ACTH)水平;利用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotro-phin Releasing hormone,CRH)水平.结果 用药前IS组血清CRH水平均较正常对照组高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而IS组血皮质醇、ACTH与正常对照组比较无明显差别,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);平均每日发作串数、平均每日发作总次数分别与CRH呈正相关(P<0.05);应用泼尼松后,经泼尼松治疗后30例IS病例有19例发作控制,11例发作未控制,有18例脑电高度失律完全缓解,12例脑电高度失律未完全缓解,治疗后每日发作串数及每日发作总次数均较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后的DQ较治疗前DQ改善,有统计学意义(P<0.05),病程是泼尼松治疗效果的主要影响因素,病程越长,治疗效果越差,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后的CRH、皮质醇、ACTH较治疗前明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 泼尼松能有效控制婴儿痉挛症的发作,早期治疗效果更好,IS患儿存在HPA轴功能紊乱,泼尼松能调节HPA轴功能紊乱起到控制痉挛发作的效果.     

Comparison of posterior capsule folds following intracapsular implantation of three types of intraocular lenses with different haptic design

AIM: To compare the incidence of posterior capsule folds among different types of intraocular lens (IOL) to determine risk factors of posterior capsule folds. METHODS: It was a retrospective study. We collected the cases in which the patients underwent phacoemulsification (PHACO) and IOL implantation and at least one of the three types of IOL was implanted, including 2-haptic 3-piece IOLs (HOYA PY60AD), 4-haptic 1-piece IOLs (Bausch&Lomb AO), 2-haptic 1-piece IOLs (AMO Tecnis ZCB00). The posterior capsule folds were measured using slit lamp microscope 2d after the surgery. Information of patient’s age, gender, length of ocular axis, intraocular pressure, types of IOL were recorded. Posterior capsule fold risk indicators were identified by using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-seven patients (242 eyes) had been collected, including 80 eyes implanted with HOYA PY60AD IOLs, 81 eyes implanted with Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs, 81 eyes implanted with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs. The incidence of posterior capsule folds of patients implanted with HOYA PY60AD IOLs was significantly higher than those of patients implanted with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs. While the incidence of patients implanted with Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs was significantly lower than those of patients implanted with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs. Multi-factor logistics regression analysis demonstrated that independent risk factors were type of IOLs and length of ocular axis. Compared with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs, using HOYA PY60AD IOLs increased the risk of posterior capsule folds [P=0.020, OR (95%CI)=2.145 (1.129, 4.073)], while using Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs reduced the risk [P=0.001, OR (95%CI)=0.274 (0.127, 0.591)]. Shorter ocular axis might increase the risk of posterior capsule folds [P=0.012, OR (95%CI)=0.669 (0.489, 0.915)]. CONCLUSION: Haptic design should be an important consideration in IOL design. Compared with AMO Tecnis ZCB00 IOLs, using HOYA PY60AD IOLs is more likely to lead to posterior capsule folds formation, while using Bausch&Lomb AO IOLs is less likely to lead the formation. The posterior capsule folds are more engendered in eyes with shorter ocular axis.