宁波市献血群体的人口社会学特征分析

目的分析2015年宁波市献血群体的人口社会学特征。方法将宁波血站2015年1～12月55 459例无偿献血者按曾经献血次数1次、2～3次、4～10次、10+次进行分类,并进行人口社会学特征比对统计分析。结果对2015年宁波市无偿献血群体进行人口社会学调查,数据统计分析结果显示无偿献血者男性(32 548例)多于女性(22 911例),并以18～35周岁(70.02%)为主。献血者的文化程度主要为大中专(25.82%)和高中以下(41.26%)学历。献血者的职业多为职员(23.31%)和自由职业及其他(34.28%),属地偏向于宁波市内外来人口(44.13%)。结论根据2015年宁波市献血群体的人口社会学特征,制定出新年度的宣传和招募策略,加强固定无偿献血者队伍有利于献血事业更健康的发展。     

‘That thing in his head’: Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australian caregiver responses to neurodevelopmental disability diagnoses

Little is known about the significance of cultural differences to how caregivers receive a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disability. As part of a Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder prevalence study among sentenced, detained youth, our qualitative study explored the experiences of diagnostic assessment among detained young people and their caregivers. We present findings from the perspectives of caregivers. In conversation with the sociology of diagnosis literature, we present vignettes of three Aboriginal and two non-Aboriginal caregivers’ experiences of the diagnostic assessment process. We found that Aboriginal caregivers conceptualised their children’s diagnosis and ongoing management in the context of their family networks and community. In contrast, non-Aboriginal caregivers focused on how the diagnosis would affect their child and interactions with various institutions including healthcare systems and schools. Caregivers’ engagement with diagnostic reports and resources also followed cultural lines. Reflections on intergenerational drinking were voiced by Aboriginal caregivers, who expressed shame at receiving diagnosis. These findings advance our appreciation of cultural difference in receiving a diagnosis, the examination of which is in its nascent stages. We also suggest ways to mitigate harm from a stigmatising diagnosis and soften the well-established effects of medical dominance over the process of defining a person’s capacity and status.     

Leadership of interprofessional health and social care teams: a socio-historical analysis

reeves s., macmillan k. & van soeren m. (2010) Journal of Nursing Management 18, 258–264
Leadership of interprofessional health and social care teams: a socio-historical analysis Aim The aim of this paper is to explore some of the key socio-historical issues related to the leadership of interprofessional teams. Background Over the past quarter of a century, there have been repeated calls for collaboration to help improve the delivery of care. Interprofessional teamwork is regarded as a key approach to delivering high-quality, safe care. Evaluation We draw upon historical documents to understand how modern health and social care professions emerged from 16th-century crafts guilds. We employ sociological theories to help analyse the nature of these professional developments for team leadership. Key issues As the forerunners of professions, crafts guilds were established on the basis of protection and promotion of their members. Such traits have been emphasized during the evolution of professions, which have resulted in strains for teamwork and leadership. Conclusions Understanding a problem through a socio-historical analysis can assist management to understand the barriers to collaboration and team leadership. Implications for nursing management Nursing management is in a unique role to observe and broker team conflict. It is rare to examine these phenomena through a humanities/social sciences lens. This paper provides a rare perspective to foster understanding – an essential precursor to effective change management.     

On the bullshitisation of mental health nursing: A reluctant work rant

This discussion paper offers a critical provocation to my mental health nursing colleagues. Drawing upon David Graeber's account of bullshit work, work that is increasingly meaningless for workers, I pose the question: Is mental health nursing a bullshit job? Ever-increasing time spent on record keeping as opposed to direct care appears to represent a Graeberian bullshitisation of mental health nurses' work. In addition, core aspects of the role are not immune from bullshit. Professional rhetoric would have us believe that mental health nursing is a therapeutically beneficent occupation organised around ideals of care and compassion and providing fulfilling work for practitioners. Yet, there are some key characteristics of the experience of mental health nursing work that afford alternative judgements on its value and meaningfulness. Not least of these is the fact that many mental health nurses feel quite existentially unsettled in the practise of their work and many service users do not recognise the professional ideal, especially when compelled into increasingly coercive and restrictive services. In this context, Graeber's thesis is explored for its applicability to mental health nursing with a conclusion that many aspects of mental health nursing work are commensurate with bullshit but that mental health care can possibly be redeemed from bullshitisation by authentically democratising reforms. Engaging with posthumanist ideas, this exploration involves a flexing of aspects of Graeber's theory.     

我国高等护理院校人文社会科学课程设置现状与发展趋势

从课程设置模式、人文社会科学课程的类型、课时数、课程门类、课程设置形式等方面,对我国高等护理院校人文社会科学课程设置现状进行综述,以期对我国高等护理院校人文社会科学课程设置改革起到促进作用。     

Medical sociology, chronic illness and the body

The sociological conceptualisation of chronic illness requires a sociology which indicates the physicality of the body theoretically. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the body might be integrated into sociological accounts of the experience of chronic illness in a way that acknowledges biological and social facts. Central to our argument is the connection between bodily aspects of self and identity. Self and identity are core aspects of everyday experience and of the everyday experience of illness. With the onset of illness bodily functioning alters and self-conceptions and identity may also change. The body, which in many social situations is a taken for granted aspect of the person, ceases to be taken for granted once it malfunctions. The bodily basis of chronic illness has to be attended to because it limits or interferes with other physical and social activities. The connection between biological and social facts is explored using the concepts of self and identity.     

Male homosexuality in contemporary mainland China

Through a unique circumstance described in the text we have 60 letters (of which 56 were from a gay population) concerning homosexuality in contemporary China. Though the sample is not randomly selected it is the first of its kind. An analysis of these letters shows some interesting results and patterns. Among these are (i) a widespread distribution of gay people in China in terms of their geographic locations, ages, and occupations; (ii) the pain and mental anguish they suffer from being unable to openly and legally seek homosexual partners and the contradiction experienced from living in two worlds; (iii) their wishes and demands for a better and more reasonable treatment, and (iv) their hope that they will be provided a place or some mechanism so that they can converse and interact freely. To better reflect what they think and feel about themselves, their problems, and their hopes we have used quotations from these letters extensively. It is our belief that at this initial exploratory stage of the study on Chinese homosexuality, it is best to let the respondents speak for themselves.     

Accident and its correlates in a psychiatric hospital

The literature on accidental and violent minor injuries in hospitals is reviewed. From it hypotheses about the causes and correlates of such accidents are derived. These theories are tested on a 2-year sample of accidents in a 2,400-patient mental hospital, using standard multivariate statistical procedures, Age, psychiatric disability, and sex prove to be corelates of rates of injury. Social disorganization is shown to be the intervening variable in the common theory that crowding leads to violent injury.