Étapes et enjeux de la construction du handicap au sein des politiques sociales françaises : 1939–2005

Drawing on tools from the cognitive sociology of public action, such as frames of reference, the author analyses four pairs of concepts that seem to have been variably operational in France in the field of disability since the second world war: reeducation/maladjustment; integration/handicap; insertion/exclusion; inclusion/situation (of disability). Starting with childhood taken as an example, the author tries, for each pair, to specify the origins and the mediators, the stakes and the objectives, the criteria and the practical arrangements for action.     

浅析文化社会学视角下中医药文化传播

基于文化社会学的文化传播理论,分析中医药文化传播的内涵及存在的问题,并就中医药文化传播过程中的问题提出相应的建议,即从重视传统文化教育等方面增强文化认同;从制定针对性传播策略等方面完善传播机制;从完善法律规定等方面加强媒介的监管,从而实现中医药文化健康有序的传播。     

大学生“偷菜”热的思考:基于社会学和心理学的视角

随着“开心农场”等娱乐游戏风靡互联网,“偷菜”瞬间蹿红网络,席卷网民生活?越来越多的大学生也加入到“偷菜”的队伍中来,每天在“偷”与防“偷”中乐此不疲?文章试图从社会学和心理学的角度分析大学生热衷于“偷菜”的原因和“偷菜”行为对大学生的影响,并对如何引导大学生回到正常的生活轨道上来提出几点对策与建议?     

Mapping the field of medical sociology: a comparative analysis of journals

A comparative keyword analysis of the content of nine leading journals is used to suggest potential new directions for medical sociology. The major British and American journals in sociology and medical sociology tend to publish authors based in their own countries, contrasting with the internationalism of other social science disciplines relevant to health, although Sociology of Health and Illness is an exception to this. Medical sociology journals on both sides of the Atlantic focus on individual experience more than general sociology journals, which focus more on social systems levels of analysis. While journal contents reveal British medical sociology to be relatively atheoretical when compared with British general sociology journals, American medical sociology appears relatively apolitical on the same comparison with American general journals. American journals of sociology publish more quantitative studies than their British equivalents, more studies concerning race and other social divisions in American society, and less work drawing on social constructionist perspectives or that is engaged with social theory. Analysis of health and health care at societal and global levels and a deeper engagement with the political and public issues that concern non-sociologists represents a possible future for a medical sociology that is internationally relevant and outward looking.     

An assessment of the geographical approach to health inequality

New interest is being shown in the geographical approach to health inequality at both the research and the service provider level. The scientific and methodological basis of this approach does not take into consideration the social structure and the history of the locations/communities under investigation. The analysis of geographical differences must be verified and consideration given to possible variations in internal health inequalities between entities compared. Our approach to health inequalities is based on the theory that social health inequalities are essentially the final product of living conditions and lifestyle taking account of individual and collective history.     

Ideological Reflections on the DSM-IV-R (or Pay No Attention to That Man Behind the Curtain, Dorothy!)

Exclusive North American reliance on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4^th Edition-Revised (DSM-IV-R) to determine diagnoses such as Conduct Disorder or Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder occurs without sufficient critical regard for its ideologically and historically situated assumptions. The author argues for a parallel theoretical framework to guide interventions that is provided for children's practitioners through ongoing implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Rather than relying solely upon the deficit labelling of the DSM-IV-R with its underlying deterministic beliefs about child development, this holistic, rights-based approach assumes young people to be competent social actors whose lives are worthy of study in their own right. The author draws upon comparative theory within the sociology of childhood, practice insights and three case studies for support.     

Towards a politics of trust

This paper draws upon sociological theory to demonstrate that the manufacture and deployment of trust is an integral part of the function of complex systems such as health care. The discussion begins by identifying the error within the nursing literature which arises from a rather technical conceptualization of trust. This tends to limit the dimensions to trust which is established, and fails to recognize that trust may be subject to competition and conflict. The paper continues by drawing upon the work of two theorists, Niklas Luhmann and Susan P. Shapiro, to demonstrate how trust functions within systems such as health care and the mechanisms through which it is controlled. The title of this paper, 'Towards a politics of trust', identifies that this is merely the first stage in the analysis. Further stages are necessary which analyse the ways in which power is exercised in the conflict for control within discrete elements of the system.     

住院精神分裂症患者社会功能调查及对策

目的：探讨精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷的相关因素，制定社会功能缺陷的干预措施。方法：对首次发病年龄在45岁以下的住院精神分裂症患者用SDSS量表评定其社会功能。结果：住院精神分裂症患者社会功能缺陷率为91．67％，无缺陷的占8．33％，有些缺陷的占43．75％，严重缺陷的占47．92％。社会功能缺陷与患者自身及家庭因素有一定关系。结论：应对住院精神分裂症患者及早进行防治精神残疾的干预，提高患者的生活质量。     

Behavioural sciences teaching in UK dental schools

A survey was conducted of the dental schools in the UK, inquiring about the teaching of psychology, sociology, epidemiology and psychiatry to dental undergraduates. Epidemiology was the most frequently taught and assessed subject, followed by psychology and sociology. Overall, the results indicate an increased concern with and attention to behavioural sciences teaching.