They just don't take their medicines: Reframing medication adherence in asthma from frustration to opportunity

Assessing and addressing suboptimal adherence to asthma medications is a key component in the treatment of all children with asthma, particularly those with difficult‐to‐treat asthma. However, parents often overreport adherence to asthma medications. Increased medication adherence could lead to improved outcomes in the form of better asthma control and decreased asthma exacerbations, as well as decreased healthcare utilization costs. Yet there are many complex factors that affect medication adherence, and barriers are often different in each family. Social determinants of health, complex healthcare relationships, and patient‐related factors may all affect medication adherence. Multicomponent patient‐centered strategies, as well as strategies that utilize technology and habit formation strategies may be helpful in improving medication adherence. Further study is needed to reliably and sustainably improve medication adherence in children with asthma across the broader population; in some populations, alternate diagnoses, adjusting therapy, and other intervention may be required to improve asthma control and health.     

军队院校医学生坚韧性水平及其影响因素

目的 调查军队院校医学生坚韧性水平,探索医学生坚韧性的影响因素。方法 采用中国成年人坚韧人格量表、一般自我效能感量表、领悟社会支持量表对543名某军队院校医学生进行调查。结果 回收有效问卷504份,有效回收率92.8%。军校院校医学生坚韧性平均得分为72.91±13.03,其中韧性维度均分最高,其次依次是控制、投入和挑战;预测军队医学生坚韧性的因素有：参加课外活动频率（β=0.121,P<0.001）、自我效能（β=0.432,P<0.001）、朋友支持（β=0.170,P<0.001）,以上因素可解释军校医学生坚韧性27.5%的变异量。结论 军队院校医学生坚韧性水平有待提升;可通过鼓励参加课外活动、提升自我效能、增加朋友支持等途径提升军校医学生坚韧性水平。     

Telemedicine and type 1 diabetes: Is technology per se sufficient to improve glycaemic control?

AimIn the TELEDIAB-1 study, the Diabeo system (a smartphone coupled to a website) improved HbA_1c by 0.9% vs controls in patients with chronic, poorly controlled type 1 diabetes. The system provided two main functions: automated advice on the insulin doses required; and remote monitoring by teleconsultation. The question is: how much did each function contribute to the improvement in HbA_1c?MethodsEach patient received a smartphone with an insulin dose advisor (IDA) and with (G3 group) or without (G2 group) the telemonitoring/teleconsultation function. Patients were classified as “high users” if the proportion of “informed” meals using the IDA exceeded 67% (median) and as “low users” if not. Also analyzed was the respective impact of the IDA function and teleconsultations on the final HbA_1c levels.ResultsAmong the high users, the proportion of informed meals remained stable from baseline to the end of the study 6 months later (from 78.1 ± 21.5% to 73.8 ± 25.1%; P = 0.107), but decreased in the low users (from 36.6 ± 29.4% to 26.7 ± 28.4%; P = 0.005). As expected, HbA_1c improved in high users from 8.7% [range: 8.3–9.2%] to 8.2% [range: 7.8–8.7%] in patients with (n = 26) vs without (n = 30) the benefit of telemonitoring/teleconsultation (−0.49 ± 0.60% vs −0.52 ± 0.73%, respectively; P = 0.879). However, although HbA_1c also improved in low users from 9.0% [8.5–10.1] to 8.5% [7.9–9.6], those receiving support via teleconsultation tended to show greater improvement than the others (−0.93 ± 0.97 vs −0.46 ± 1.05, respectively; P = 0.084).ConclusionThe Diabeo system improved glycaemic control in both high and low users who avidly used the IDA function, while the greatest improvement was seen in the low users who had the motivational support of teleconsultations.     

以循证支持为基础的综合护理对慢阻肺合并2型糖尿病患者预后的影响

目的探究以循证支持为基础的综合护理对慢阻肺合并2型糖尿病患者预后的影响。方法选取该院2018年3月—2019年3月收治的慢阻肺合并2型糖尿病患者88例,采用双盲法分为A组和B组,各44例。A组采用以循证支持为基础的综合护理,B组采用常规护理。护理2个月后观察效果,包括并发症发生率、呼吸功能评分及空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标。结果A组并发症发生率2.27%,低于B组的22.73%,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组呼吸功能评分(0.32±0.05)分,低于B组(1.05±0.12)分,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标均低于B组,对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以循证支持为基础的综合护理在慢阻肺合并2型糖尿病患者中具有显著效果,可改善患者呼吸功能及血糖各指标,降低并发症发生风险,值得临床推广。     

肝素钠与枸橼酸钠封管液在人工肝治疗肝衰竭患者的应用比较*

目的 比较肝素钠与枸橼酸钠封管液在人工肝治疗肝衰竭患者中的有效性和安全性。方法 41例慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者接受双重血浆分子吸附系统(DPMAS)序贯血浆置换(PE)治疗,在人工肝治疗后,分别采用肝素封管19例(79例次)和枸橼酸封管22例(80例次)。常规监测活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。结果 在封管后2 h,枸橼酸封管组APTT为(65.6±12.2)s,显著短于肝素封管组的【(89.8±43.1)s,P<0.01】;肝素封管组和枸橼酸封管组疑似导管相关性感染发生率分别为5.3%(1/19)和0.0%(0/22),两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.46);两组患者3 m生存率(52.3%对54.5%)、住院日、自发性细菌性腹膜炎、肝性脑病、肝肾综合征和消化道出血等主要并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在人工肝治疗后,应用4%枸橼酸钠封管有效,不会导致封管期间人体明显的凝血功能指标改变,可能更安全。