Does losing money truly hurt? The shared neural bases of monetary loss and pain

Both monetary loss and pain have been studied for decades, but evidence supporting the relationship between them is still lacking. We conducted a meta‐analysis to explore the overlapping brain regions between monetary loss and pain, including physical pain and social pain. Regardless of the type of pain experienced, activation of the anterior insula was a shared neural representation of monetary loss and pain. The network representation pattern of monetary loss was more similar to that of social pain than that of physical pain. In conclusion, our research provided evidence of the common neural correlates of monetary loss and pain.     

孤独症谱系障碍社会脑神经网络基础及其研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的核心诊断特征是社会交流障碍以及受限和重复的行为和兴趣,症状常在生命的最初几年出现。过去的二十年内,神经成像揭示了许多“社会性”大脑的非典型活动和异常连通性的发现,包括梭状回对面部和凝视的分析、杏仁核的情绪处理、默认模式网络的心智化以及镜像神经元相关区域对他人行为的模仿和理解,但对于社交功能缺陷潜在的神经生理机制还未达成一致。除了方法学上的挑战以及聚焦于单个大脑网络的连通性研究以外,更深层次的问题是ASD的极强异质性。这种不一致的发现,可能是由于诊断标准的变化以及学龄前期的ASD患儿存在非典型的神经发育轨迹,因此,有必要进行孤独症亚型的队列研究和大样本的纵向队列研究。     

User- and Message-Level Correlates of Endorsement and Engagement for HIV-Related Messages on Twitter: Cross-sectional Study

BackgroundYouth and young adults continue to experience high rates of HIV and are also frequent users of social media. Social media platforms such as Twitter can bolster efforts to promote HIV prevention for these individuals, and while HIV-related messages exist on Twitter, little is known about the impact or reach of these messages for this population.ObjectiveThis study aims to address this gap in the literature by identifying user and message characteristics that are associated with tweet endorsement (favorited) and engagement (retweeted) among youth and young men (aged 13-24 years).MethodsIn a secondary analysis of data from a study of HIV-related messages posted by young men on Twitter, we used model selection techniques to examine user and tweet-level factors associated with tweet endorsement and engagement.ResultsTweets from personal user accounts garnered greater endorsement and engagement than tweets from institutional users (aOR 3.27, 95% CI 2.75-3.89; P<.001). High follower count was associated with increased endorsement and engagement (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 1.04-1.06; P<.001); tweets that discussed STIs garnered lower endorsement and engagement (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.47-1.74; P<.001).ConclusionsFindings suggest practitioners should partner with youth to design and disseminate HIV prevention messages on social media, incorporate content that resonates with youth audiences, and work to challenge stigma and foster social norms conducive to open conversation about sex, sexuality, and health.     

The influence of social relationships and activities on the health of adults with obesity: A qualitative study

BackgroundObesity in adults is a leading health challenge that causes millions of deaths worldwide and represents a risk factor for developing long‐term conditions. Social relationships are one of the multiple drivers shaping obesity and obesity‐related practices. However, there is still little evidence as to the processes by which relationships influence the adoption of positive and negative obesity health‐related practices—eating, physical activity and alcohol intake. This study aims first to identify the types of relationships relevant to the adoption of practices in adults with obesity and, second, to explore the type of activities these relationships engage with or promote to produce those practices and their potential health consequences.MethodsNineteen adults who have or had a history of obesity living in the United Kingdom were interviewed between May 2020 and March 2021. Experiences were explored through semi‐structured interviews and network mapping via videoconferencing. Data were analysed using a hermeneutic phenomenology informed thematic analysis.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) everyday familial routines matter, (2) chasing healthier lifestyles: comparing, modelling and connecting emotionally with friends and (3) healthcare professionals as negative influencers.Discussion and ConclusionsFindings show how different types of relationships might shape the risk of developing and losing weight. They uncover the power of informal networks (family and friends) and highlight the potentially negative impact of formal ones (healthcare professionals). Our exploration could add to arguments about the need for stakeholders confronting obesity to be aware of the relevance of everyday social relationships in health and well‐being strategies for tackling the issue, in creating collective and individual person‐centred long‐term sustainable actions.Patient and Public ContributionFeedback on the tone/content of the interview questions was provided by the two first participants. The results were checked and received feedback from one of the interviewees.     

Investigation of COVID-19 Outbreak among Wildland Firefighters during Wildfire Response,Colorado, USA, 2020

A COVID-19 outbreak occurred among Cameron Peak Fire responders in Colorado, USA, during August 2020–January 2021. The Cameron Peak Fire was the largest recorded wildfire in Colorado history, lasting August–December 2020. At least 6,123 responders were involved, including 1,260 firefighters in 63 crews who mobilized to the fire camps. A total of 79 COVID-19 cases were identified among responders, and 273 close contacts were quarantined. State and local public health investigated the outbreak and coordinated with wildfire management teams to prevent disease spread. We performed whole-genome sequencing and applied social network analysis to visualize clusters and transmission dynamics. Phylogenetic analysis identified 8 lineages among sequenced specimens, implying multiple introductions. Social network analysis identified spread between and within crews. Strategies such as implementing symptom screening and testing of arriving responders, educating responders about overlapping symptoms of smoke inhalation and COVID-19, improving physical distancing of crews, and encouraging vaccinations are recommended.     

深圳市458例男男性接触者社会心理压力及性功能障碍现状调查

目的 了解深圳市男男性接触者(MSM)社会心理压力及性功能障碍现状,探讨男男性接触者性健康和需求.方法 2006年4月成立彩虹工作组,到深圳市内MSM活动的桑拿、酒吧、公园等场所开展外展服务.知情同意原则下,采取方便抽样方法,问卷调查MSM的人口学基本特征、性取向、社会心理压力和性功能障碍等内容.结果 共调查458例MSM,其中同性恋者211例(46.1%),双性恋者195例(42.6%).66.8%MSM感觉在深圳没有或很少受到歧视,10.3%MSM的大部分或全部家人知道其性取向,且支持率极低;最好的朋友支持其男男性行为的MSM比例为19.0%;若想找人倾谈有关性取向的问题时,43.7%MSM认为不容易找到倾诉对象;64.8%MSM因为不想让其他人知道性取向而交女朋友或结婚.25.8%MSM对自己的性取向感到不安,15.9%MSM因为自己的性取向而觉得羞耻,29.7%MSM觉得因为自己性取向而受到社会排斥,46.9%MSM因为性取向而承受来自家家人及亲友的压力,57.6%MSM能接受自己的性取向,47.2%MSM担心其他人知道自己的性取向,49.8%MSM担心因同性性行为而感染HIV.最近1年内与男性伴性交时,30.6%MSM感到疼痛,38.6%MSM觉得性高潮来得太快,34.7%MSM性交前怕表现不好而焦虑.22.5%MSM勃起或维持勃起有困难,23.4%MSM即使不痛也觉得无趣,16.2%MSM无法有性高潮,17.7%MSM觉得对性没有兴趣.最近1年内与女性性伴性交的122例MSM中有12.3%-23.0%存在不同表现的性功能障碍.结论 深圳市部分男男性接触者普遍面临社会心理压力,部分伴随性功能障碍.     

家庭干预在精神分裂症患者社会功能障碍康复中的效果分析

目的分析精神分裂症患者社会功能障碍的现状并探讨家庭干预对其康复效果的影响。方法分析我院门诊收治的128例精神分裂症患者入院治疗前的社会功能状况;患者出院后,将患者随机分为家庭干预组和对照组各64例;对照组给予常规精神病药物维持治疗,干预组在此基础上给予家庭干预治疗1年,并采用社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）及康复状态量表（MRSS）评估患者的治疗效果;并观察患者的服药依从性及病情复发情况。结果 120（93.7%）例的患者存在明显的社会功能障碍,集中表现在职业及工作、计划性及责任心、对外界的关心及兴趣方面;家庭干预前两组间SDSS、MRSS评分并无显著差异（P〉0.05）,干预后干预组此两项得分均低于对照组（P〈0.05）;同时干预组的服药依从性、复发率情况均优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论精神分裂症患者大都存在较为严重的社会功能障碍,家庭干预可以显著提高患者生活质量,改善社会功能,降低复发率。     

选择性出入肝血流阻断技术在右半肝切除术中的应用

目的比较两种肝脏血流阻断方法在因肝脏恶性肿瘤行右半肝切除术中的作用,评价右半肝出入肝血流阻断技术在右半肝切除中的应用价值。方法将49例肝癌行右半肝切除的患者分为右半肝入肝血流阻断组（n=22）和右半肝出入肝血流阻断组（n=27）。比较两组患者术中出血量、输血患者比例、术后并发症以及术后肝功能的恢复等指标。结果两组患者术后输血比例差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,右半肝入肝血流阻断组有1例患者术后死于肝脏功能衰竭。右半肝出入肝血流阻断组术后并发症数量明显减少、无患者死亡,术中出血量明显低于右半肝入肝血流阻断组（P〈0．05）,且术后第7天的肝脏功能恢复明显优于右半肝入肝血流阻断组（P〈0．05）。结论右半肝出入肝血流阻断技术可以提高因肝脏肿瘤而行右半肝切除的成功率和患者对手术耐受性,为右半肝切除手术提供了一个安全、合理的手术方式。     

基矛信息系统的医院后勤管理模式探讨

目的：阐述医院后勤信息化管理的重要性,并对其前景进行展望。方法：分析探讨医院后勤服务的现状,并介绍数字化后勤管理系统的数据流程、重点模块以及体系架构。结果：医院的后勤服务整体水平得到进一步的完善和提高。结论：该系统的运用对提升医院的经济和社会效益有着积极意义。