社会技能训练对慢性精神分裂症疗效的对照研究

目的:探讨社会技能训练对慢性精神分裂症阳性症状、阴性症状及认知功能的疗效.方法:将100例慢性精神分裂症患者随机分为训练组(50例)和对照组(50例).对训练组按照Liberman RP编写的<社会独立生活技能>训练程式进行训练,共12周.用BPRS、SANS、SDSI和WCST进行评定.结果:(1)训练组BPRS在总分和焦虑抑郁及缺乏活力因子分低于对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.05).(2)接受12周社交技能训练后,训练组的SANS量表全部五个因子和总分低于对照组,均有显著差异(P<0.05).(3)训练组和对照组在WCST的5个指标,差异有显著性(P<0.05).(4)SDSI评定结果表明,训练后明显降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论:社会技能训练能够改善慢性精神分裂症的阳性症状、阴性症状及认知功能.     

Prevalence and distribution of gingivitis and dental caries in children aged 6–12 years in Brisbane primary schools

A study of caries experience and gingivitis prevalence in 6-, 9- and 12-yr-old children attending primary schools in Brisbane was undertaken in November/December 1983. Children from high socioeconomic level (SEL) schools exhibited lower dmft and DMFT scores at all ages. At age 6 yr the proportion of children with caries-free primary dentitions was for high SEL Schools 70%, for middle SEL schools 52% and for low SEL Schools 23%. At 12 yr DMFT scores were 1.8 (high), 2.1 (middle) and 3.3 (low). Similar differences in gingivitis prevalence occurred, children from high SEL schools displaying a much lower proportion of bleeding sites than those from middle and low SEL schools. For selection of children at "high risk" to gingival disease for intensive prevention programmes, an increased emphasis on probing techniques is indicated to achieve diagnostic consistency.     

Perceived parental rearing practices in depressed patients in relation to social class

The occurrence of possible differences in rearing practices related to social class has been investigated in a series of 125 depressed patients by means of a special inventory - the EMBU - constructed by our group. Three factors derived from the EMBU in the course of previous studies: "rejection", "emotional warmth", "overprotection" have been taken into account. The rearing practices experienced by subjects belonging to different social classes did not differ concerning "emotional warmth". On the other hand, subjects belonging to the higher social classes scored their parents higher on the variables "rejection" and "overprotection". Since "emotional warmth" proved in an earlier study to discriminate between depressives and healthy controls, it is concluded that the difference cannot have been biased by possible differences in social class.     

Optimum support properties for protein separations by high-performance size exclusion chromatography

Optimum chromatographic properties of high performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) of proteins, such as resolution, molecular weight accuracy and recovery, are obtained on packings and columns with tailor-made physical and chemical structures, employed at properly adjusted eluent compositions and operation conditions. SEC-theory suggests that a broad molecular weight fractionation range and high linearity of the log-linear calibration plot can be achieved by the use of two packings (10- and 80-nm pore size, characterized by a pore-size distribution (psd) equal to or less than 1 decade and by equal internal column porosity (p)), rather than a single 30- to 50-nm pore-size packing with a wide psd. Favourably high-phase ratios of (p)/(o)/ 1.0 for HPSEC columns were accomplished with a minimum interstitial column porosity (o) and a high value for the internal column porosity (p) (the specific pore volume, nu(p), multiplied by the packing density, varrho(p).) Ligands such as diol, N-acetoxyamino and oligomeric ether with a propyl- or propoxy-spacer bonded to the silica at the highest density appear to provide high mass recovery and bioactivity as well as chemical stability. Such packings, available in 3-5 mum particle size ranges of narrow distribution, packed into columns 6 mm i.d. and 500 mm in length, offer the best compromise with respect to resolution, speed and pressure drop. More careful studies are required to explain the effects of protein conformational changes and interconversions during elution on HPSEC columns.     

重庆社会文化因素对MSM人群性角色和性取向认同影响的定性研究

目的 分析重庆地域社会文化因素对男男性接触人群(men who have sex with men, MSM)性取向认同和性角色的影响,进而探讨性角色与MSM人群HIV高感染风险的关联。 方法 在2020年采用定性访谈的方法,依托当地从事MSM干预的社会组织招募符合要求的30名MSM人群进行个人深入访谈。 结果 访谈发现,重庆MSM人群对其性取向有较好自我认同感,告知他人性取向时最顾虑家人感受,性角色为被插入方或兼有者相对更可能告知父母。大部分访谈对象认为重庆MSM性角色被插入方的比例较高,可能跟重庆人体型小皮肤好、女性地位高、接受多元文化等有关,也使得性角色被插入方的自我认同度增高。重庆公众对同性恋现象的包容度较强,城市的包容开放受移民文化、经济发展等因素影响,但也受一定传统文化的制约。MSM的社区亚文化,如追求性自由的享乐、道德规范较弱、新型毒品的使用使得不同性角色都面临感染HIV的高风险。 结论 重庆社会文化因素对MSM性角色的选择有一定影响,充分考虑社会文化因素无疑会有效推进艾滋病防控工作。     

家庭社会经济地位对青少年主观幸福感影响的多重中介效应分析

目的:探讨家庭社会经济地位与青少年主观幸福感的关系及领悟社会支持和积极心理资本的中介作用。方法:采用家庭社会经济地位问卷、幸福感指数量表、领悟社会支持量表和积极心理资本问卷调查了932名青少年。结果:(1)家庭社会经济地位、领悟社会支持、积极心理资本和主观幸福感两两之间相关显著;(2)家庭社会经济地位对主观幸福感的直接效应不显著,但领悟社会支持、积极心理资本在家庭社会经济地位与主观幸福感之间的三条中介路径均显著。结论:为提升低家庭社会经济地位青少年主观幸福感,改善其领悟社会支持和积极心理资本水平是可实现的有效路径。     

微观社会资本对农转非居民主客观健康认知一致性的影响研究

目的探讨微观社会资本对农转非居民自评健康与客观健康认知一致性的影响。方法两层logistic回归模型分析微观社会资本和人口学因素对健康认知一致性的影响。结果自评健康和客观健康的一致率为63.89%,个体社会资本和年龄对主客观健康一致性产生影响。结论使用自评健康作为健康指标时,应考虑个体社会资本的影响,提高自评健康的预测准确性。     

中文版感知社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中的信效度分析

目的 检验中文版感知社会支持量表（the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, MSPSS）在老年癌症患者中应用的信效度。方法 采用整群抽样的方法,使用中文版感知社会支持量表对老年癌症患者进行调查,并对结果进行信效度检验。结果 共收到有效问卷520份,中文版感知社会支持量表的Cronbach α系数为0.877;探索性因子中共提取出公因子3个,累积方差贡献率为69.5%;通过验证性因子分析得出GFI、CFI、IFI指标范围在0.855～0.921之间。结论 中文版社会支持量表在老年癌症患者中应用具有良好的信效度,可用于评估该人群感知社会支持水平。     

Specifics of chronic fatigue syndrome coping strategies identified in a French flash survey during the COVID-19 containment

The COVID-19 pandemic has focused health systems on supporting patients affected by this virus. Meanwhile in the community, many other contained patients could only use self-care strategies, especially in countries that have set up a long and strict containment such as France. The study aimed to compare coping strategies deployed by patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS; a poorly recognised syndrome) to those with better known and referenced chronic conditions. An online flash survey was conducted during the containment period in partnership with French Patients Organizations including ME/CFS national association. Therefore, ‘Brief COPE’ version of Lazarus and Folkman's Ways of Coping Check List has been adapted to the specificity of the containment. The survey was e-distributed in France from 15 April to 11 May 2020. Differences of coping strategies were analyzed using Wilcoxon–Mann–Withney test. Amongst 637 responses, 192 were complete, presenting a wide variety of diseases, including 93 ME/CFS. The latter have significantly different coping strategies than recognised diagnosed diseases patients: similar uses of emotion focused coping but less uses of seek social support and problem-focused copings. In conclusion, coping strategies are different for those who deal with the daily experience of ME/CFS, highly disabling chronic condition with diagnostic ambiguity, low degree of medical and social recognition and without treatment. Better understanding of those strategies is needed to provide the means for health promotion researchers, managers and clinicians, to accompany those patients.     

浅析社会工作介入在儿童福利机构脑瘫儿童康复治疗中的应用

脑瘫儿童康复治疗工作备受关注,脑瘫病症一旦在儿童身上出现,会对患儿自身及儿童福利机构带来沉重压力。儿童福利机构脑瘫儿童康复期间,社会工作及时介入,一定程度上为儿童福利机构提供支持,因为工作人员凭借专业知识及技能帮助脑瘫儿童早日康复,促进患儿身心健康发展。文章通过阐述儿童福利机构运用社会工作方法介入脑瘫儿童康复治疗的情况,分析具体工作中存在的问题,提出改进思路,从而提高脑瘫疾病治疗质量,提升孤残儿童幸福指数。