Reconstruction of a real-world car-to-pedestrian collision using geomatics techniques and numerical simulations

The aim of this study is to provide an improved method for traffic accident reconstruction based on geomatics techniques and numerical simulations. A combination of various techniques was used. First, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), laser scanner and structured-light scanner were used to obtain information on the accident scene, vehicle and victim. The collected traces provided detailed initial impact conditions for subsequent numerical simulations. Then, multi-body system (MBS) simulations were conducted to reconstruct the kinematics of the car-to-pedestrian collision. Finally, a finite element (FE) simulation using the THUMS model was performed to predict injuries. A real-life vehicle-pedestrian collision was used to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this method. The reconstruction result revealed that the kinematic and injury predictions of the numerical simulations effectively conformed to the surveillance video and investigation of the actual accident. UAV photogrammetry was demonstrated to be more efficient in accident data collection than hand sketch and measurement, and 3D laser scanning enabled an easier and more accurate modeling process of vehicle. The present study shows the feasibility of this method for use in traffic accident reconstruction.     

数字技术在人工全髋关节置换术中的应用研究

目的探索把数字技术应用于人工全髋关节置换术,为临床选择更适配的人工全髋关节假体提供新的方法。方法6例成人病变的髋关节和42-56号的髋臼假体和01-04号钛合金股骨柄(矩形,HA微孔)假体连续CT扫描,将CT扫描数据经Mimics软件处理,3D计算建立髋关节和假体的数字模型。将数据输入SPSS 17.0进行统计学分析。根据术前选择的假体施行手术,术后6个月根据Harris评分进行评价,并与同期6例行传统人工全髋关节置换术患者髋关节Harris评分进行统计学比较。结果 6例骨盆三维模型数据测量结果分析:髋臼前倾角、外展角与身高、性别、侧别因素无显著性差异;股骨颈前倾角及颈干角与侧别、性别及身高因素无统计学差异。结论数字技术可以指导选择更匹配的全髋关节假体,提高人工全髋关节置换术的近期效果,为临床术前选择全髋关节假体提供一种新的方法。     

瞬时受体电位M8型离子通道选择性滤器的三维结构计算建模

构建瞬时受体电位M8型（TRPM8）离子通道选择性滤器结构域的三维结构模型。 在Rosetta计算结构生物学工具包中,使用基于运动回路闭合算法的从头计算,对TRPM8离子通道选择性滤器结构域进行多轮计算建模。 经过9轮计算得到了能量最低且结构收敛的TRPM8通道选择性滤器结构域的三维结构模型,发现D918位点的侧链并不指向离子流过的孔区中心,而Q914、D920和T923位点的侧链指向孔区中心;糖基化位点N934位于孔区外侧,其侧链指向胞外水环境。 构建了TRPM8通道选择性滤器结构域的三维结构模型,为理解该通道的离子选择性及相关机制提供了较为可靠的结构信息。      

角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学模式在全科医师规范化培训中的应用效果研究

背景　截至2017年底,我国全科医师队伍已达到25.3万人,但是距离每万名居民拥有5名全科医师的目标相距甚远。全科医学培训在我国发展时间较短,由于传统教学模式以及传统观念的制约,全科医学的发展存在一定的局限性。目的　探讨角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学模式在全科医师规范化培训（规培）中的应用效果。方法　于2018年3-9月选取河北医科大学第二医院参加培训的86名学员为研究对象,将所有学员按照宿舍号随机分为对照组和观察组,各43名。对照组学员采用传统教学模式进行培训,观察组学员采用角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学法进行培训。比较两组学员理论知识、操作技能及情景模拟考核成绩,比较两组学员对此教学模式感兴趣程度、学习收获程度等自我评价结果。结果　观察组学员理论知识、操作技能及情景模拟考核成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组学员对此教学模式感兴趣程度、学习收获程度等自我评价结果均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论　角色扮演情景模拟录像分析教学模式能够提高全科医师学习积极性及综合技能,可应用于全科医学教学实践中。     

Abdominal Actinomycosis Misdiagnosed as a Secondary Bladder Tumor: A Case Report

A 46-year-old woman presented with a hypogastric mass. The preoperative diagnosis was a malignant ovarian tumor involving multiple organs, including the urinary bladder. Surgical exploration was performed with wide resection of the right ovary and uterus, including the affected ileum, sigmoid colon, and omentum. An intraoperative histopathological examination of the paravesical tissue revealed abdominal actinomycosis. Consequently, bladder resection was not done. The cause of abdominal actinomycosis in this patient was probably due to implantation of an intrauterine device 3 years previously.     

重复CT模拟定位分析肿瘤体积变化对鼻咽癌调强放疗的影响

目的 利用重复CT模拟定位分析肿瘤体积变化对鼻咽癌调强放疗的影响。 方法 选取2011年7月至2012年11月期间20例鼻咽癌调强放疗的患者,于放疗前进行首次CT模拟定位,放疗中在患者接受30 Gy剂量照射时进行重复CT模拟定位扫描。在治疗计划系统将首次扫描的CT图像与重复扫描的CT图像进行融合,计算GTV体积的退缩率;在重复CT图像上利用原计划重新计算剂量分布,根据剂量体积直方图,分别计算出危及器官脑干和脊髓的受量变化。 结果 重复CT模拟定位比较首次CT模拟定位GTV体积平均退缩率为28.7%。重复CT模拟定位比首次CT模拟定位脑干和脊髓的单次最大剂量、1 cm³体积的剂量和平均剂量的百分比均有所增加(t=0.83~3.17,P<0.05)。 结论 利用重复CT模拟定位发现,鼻咽癌调强放疗患者在接受30 Gy剂量照射时,GTV体积的退缩率较明显,进而导致危及器官剂量的增加。     

Tele-surgery simulation with a patient organ model for robotic surgery training

Robotic systems are increasingly being incorporated into general laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery to perform procedures such as cholecystectomy and prostatectomy. Robotic assisted surgery allows the surgeon to conduct minimally invasive surgery with increased accuracy and with potential benefits for patients. However, current robotic systems have their limitations. These include the narrow operative field of view, which can make instrument manipulation difficult. Current robotic applications are also tailored to specific surgical procedures. For these reasons, there is an increasing demand on surgeons to master the skills of instrument manipulation and their surgical application within a controlled environment. This study describes the development of a surgical simulator for training and mastering procedures performed with the da Vinci surgical system. The development of a tele-surgery simulator and the construction of a training center are also described, which will enable surgeons to simulate surgery from or in remote places, to collaborate over long distances, and for off-site expert assistance.     

Graphical evidence: forensic animations and virtual reconstructions

Courtroom environments, which have been one of the last bastions of the oral tradition, are slowly morphing into cinematic display environments1 Heintz, M E. 2002. The digital divide and courtroom technology: can David Keep up with goliath?. Federal Communications Law J, 54: 567–589.  [Google Scholar]. The persuasive oral rhetoric of lawyers is increasingly being replaced by compelling visual media displays presenting a range of digital evidence in a convincing and credible manner2 Lederer, F I. 2004. Courtroom technology: for trial lawyers, the future is now. Criminal Justice, 19(1): 14–21.  [Google Scholar]. The digital age has brought a plethora of novel evidence forms, evidence detection methods, and new means of evidence presentation. In particular, three-dimensional reconstructions of evidence offer great potential in the field of forensic science, they can potentially help in the presentation of complex scientific, spatial and temporal data to a non-technical audience3 Schofield, D. . Animating and interacting with graphical evidence: bringing courtrooms to life with virtual reconstructions. Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation. Aug14–16, Bangkok, Thailand. pp.321–328.  [Google Scholar]. This paper outlines the forensic process in terms of the tasks and phases involved, specifically relating to the presentation of evidence represented in a digital media form. A range of examples of where evidence has been presented in courtrooms using digital media (particularly forensic animation and virtual reconstruction technology) are described. a ^aThe author acted as an expert witness in all the cases discussed, was responsible for the preparation of the virtual reconstructions described in this paper. Most of the work was undertaken through the author's company in the UK, Aims Solutions Ltd4 Aims Solutions Ltd. Aims Solutions: Innovative Training Software [Internet] Nottingham, , UK Company Web Site; c2006 [cited 2008 April 21]. Available from http://www.aims-sloutions.co.uk [Google Scholar]. There are a number of fundamental implications inherent in the shift from oral to visual mediation, and a number of facets of this modern evidence presentation technology need to be investigated and analysed.     

In-situ hydrogen in metal determination using a minimum neutron source strength and exposure time

Water is frequently present in the environment and is a source of hydrogen that can interact with many materials. Because of its small atomic size, a hydrogen atom can easily diffuse into a host metal, and though the metal may appear unchanged for a time, the metal will eventually abruptly lose its strength and ductility. Thus, measuring the hydrogen content in metals is important in many fields, such as in the nuclear industry, in automotive and aircraft fabrication, and particularly, in offshore oil and gas fields. It has been demonstrated that the use of nuclear methods to measure the hydrogen content in metals can achieve sensitivity levels on the order of parts per million. However, the use of nuclear methods in the field has not been conducted for two reasons. The first reason is due to exposure limitations. The second reason is due to the hi-tech instruments required for better accuracy. In this work, a new method using a low-strength portable neutron source is explored in conjunction with detectors based on plastic nuclear detection films. The following are the in-situ requirements: simplicity in setup, high reliability, minimal exposure dose, and acceptable accuracy at an acceptable cost. A computer model of the experimental setup is used to reproduce the results of a proof-of-concept experiment and to predict the sensitivity levels under optimised experimental conditions.