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31.
Janine Jewanraj Sinaye Ngcapu Farzana Osman Veron Ramsuran Maryam Fish Andile Mtshali Ravesh Singh Leila E Mansoor Salim S Abdool Karim Quarraisha Abdool Karim JoAnn S Passmore Lenine J P Liebenberg 《Journal of the International AIDS Society》2021,24(6)
IntroductionSemen induces mucosal changes in the female reproductive tract to improve pregnancy outcomes. Since semen‐induced alterations are likely short‐lived and genital inflammation is linked to HIV acquisition in women, we investigated the contribution of recent semen exposure on biomarkers of genital inflammation in women at high HIV risk and the persistence of these associations.MethodsWe assessed stored genital specimens from 152 HIV‐negative KwaZulu‐Natal women who participated in the CAPRISA 008 trial between November 2012 and October 2014. During the two‐year study period, 651 vaginal specimens were collected biannually (mean five samples per woman). Cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) was screened for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) by ELISA, whereas Y‐chromosome DNA (YcDNA) detection and quantification were conducted by RT‐PCR, representing semen exposure within 48 hours (PSA+YcDNA+) and semen exposure within three to fifteen days (PSA−YcDNA+). Soluble protein concentrations were measured in CVLs by multiplexed ELISA. T‐cell frequencies were assessed in cytobrushes by flow‐cytometry, and vulvovaginal swabs were used to detect common vaginal microbes by PCR. Linear mixed models adjusting for factors associated with genital inflammation and HIV risk were used to assess the impact of semen exposure on biomarkers of inflammation over multiple visits.ResultsHere, 19% (125/651) of CVLs were PSA+YcDNA+, 14% (93/651) were PSA−YcDNA+ and 67% (433/651) were PSA−YcDNA−. Semen exposure was associated with how often women saw their partners, the frequency of vaginal sex in the past month, HSV‐2 antibody detection, current gonorrhoea infection and Nugent Score. Both PSA detection (PSA+YcDNA+) and higher cervicovaginal YcDNA concentrations predicted increases in several cytokines, barrier‐related proteins (MMP‐2, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐4) and activated CD4+CCR5+HLA‐DR+ T cells (β = 0.050; CI 0.001 to 0.098; p = 0.046) and CD4+HLA‐DR+ T cells (β = 0.177; CI 0.016 to 0.339; p = 0.032) respectively. PSA detection was specifically associated with raised pro‐inflammatory cytokines (including IL‐6, TNF‐α, IP‐10 and RANTES), and with the detection of BVAB2 (OR = 1.755; CI 1.116 to 2.760; p = 0.015), P. bivia (OR = 1.886; CI 1.102 to 3.228; p = 0.021) and Gardnerella vaginalis (OR = 1.815; CI 1.093 to 3.015; p = 0.021).ConclusionsMore recent semen exposure was associated with raised levels of inflammatory biomarkers and the detection of BV‐associated microbes, which declined by three to fifteen days of post‐exposure. Although transient, semen‐induced alterations may have implications for HIV susceptibility in women. 相似文献
32.
The CellSoft automated semen analysis system was studied concerning the effect of gray scale (GSc) variation on cell motion parameters and to establish an appropriate setting for human spermatozoal sizes (PixMin and PixMax) based on the cell's instant velocities (InsVels). GSc could be set within a range from "optimum" till +10 units without, except for curvilinear velocity, the CellSoft generated sperm measures being altered (p greater than 0.05). The aspect of a sample specific GSc setting according to certain criteria is stressed. Considering the area of immobilized spermatozoa (at GSc + 20) and of motile cells with low InsVel, PixMin should be set at 3 pixels. Correspondingly, the InsVel determined setting for PixMax (at a maximum velocity threshold set at 200 microns/sec.) was 28 pixels. A final recommendation on the setting for cell sizes can, however, only be determined in considering sizes of nonsperm seminal elements and in studying the appropriate setting for the maximum velocity threshold. 相似文献
33.
60例男性不良患者精液标本,采用一种免疫组织化学技术分析精液中白细胞类型和数量。结果显示高浓度的中性粒细胞和单核/巨噬细胞可减少精液量;高浓度的中性粒细胞对精子总数和总活动精子数有降低作用。高浓度的T淋巴细胞可显著的降低精子活率。 相似文献
34.
35.
M. L. Swanson J. M. Collins S. F. Freiman N. H. Dubin 《Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics》1995,12(1):48-54
Purpose
This study examined sperm motion parameters as measured by computerized automated semen analysis before and after a Percoll wash and determined if differences in any parameter were correlated with fertility subsequent to intrauterine insemination (IUI).Results
Total motile sperm decreased following the washing procedure from 79.0 ± 9.0 to 37.2 ± 7.6 million sperm. Motility increased from a mean of 43.4% to 61.7% (P<0.001). Other motility parameters also changed significantly (P<0.001) as follows: curvilinear velocity (VCL), 43.4 to 61.7 m/s; straight-line velocity (VSL), 21.3 to 26.7 m/s; linearity 53.1 to 45.2%; lateral head displacement (ALH), 2.97 to 3.94 m. Similar changes occurred following a swim-up preparation, although changes in mean motility, VCL, and ALH were significantly greater when compared to Percoll. The postwash changes were not accounted for merely by time lapse in preparation since reanalyzed untreated controls did not show the same changes in motion parameters. Prewash linearity in those specimens which resulted in pregnancies was greater than in those which did not (P=0.28). No other significant differences in pre-or post-Percoll washed sperm motion parameters were found between pregnant vs nonfertile cycles.Conclusion
Following Percoll wash all CASA-generated motility parameters were significantly altered, but there was little association between these parameters and pregnancy achieved in IUI cycles.Presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Fertility Society, San Antonio, Texas, November 5–10, 1994. 相似文献
36.
长期饮酒对男性生殖系统功能影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨饮酒对男性生殖系统的损害及其机理。方法选择45名男性饮酒者和9名慢性酒精中毒者为研究对象,以15名不吸烟不接触毒物的男性为对照组。结果长期大量饮酒和酒精中毒者血清中T和CS水平下降,而LH和FSH水平升高;精浆和精子中LDH,LDH-x和G-6PD活力下降,以LDH-x下降为敏感;精子数量和活动精子年均降低,精子畸形率及异常精液检出率均升高。上述各指标与对照组比较差异均有高度显著性(P<0.01)。结论长期饮酒可损害男性生殖系统功能。 相似文献
37.
猪精液抑制素的制备及其放射免疫分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文报道以猪精液为原料制备的抑制素的生物活性、氨基酸组成、分子量以及抑制素的放射免疫分析。新鲜猪精液经乙醇沉淀、丙酮清洗和Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤,获得抑制素活性组分UⅡ。生物测定表明:所得抑制素单位重量的生物活性稍高于Chari氏牛精液抑制素纯品的活性;UⅡ含17种氨基酸,分子量为18,500道尔顿,用UⅡ免疫家兔,获得亲和为强(Ka=6.58×10~(10)L/M)、效价高的特异抗血清,终稀释度可达1:100,000;用双抗体法进行猪精液抑制素放射免疫分析,检测灵敏度为87.5微微克,经Logit转换,标准曲线的直线化较好。按Cerceo效点法综合评价,积分值达28,表明此法较优。 相似文献
38.
O. Suzuki M. Oya A. Kido Y. Katsumata M. Asano 《International journal of legal medicine》1980,86(1):35-39
Summary A simple qualitative method for identification of seminal stains based on a high activity of -glutamyltransferase (-GTP) in human semen is described. It employs the release of -naphthylamine from N--glutamyl--naphthylamide by the -GTP action; -naphthylamine couples with Fast Garnet GBC salt to produce a strong brownish-red color. The data on its simplicity, specificity, and stability show that the present method is suitable for medicolegal examination of seminal stains as a preliminary test. 相似文献
39.
The swelling of cells in a hypo-osmotic medium has been described as an important criterion for assessing the functional integrity of the sperm plasma membrane. The resistance of equine spermatozoa to osmolarity changes was studied by extending 98 semen samples collected from nine stallions in media at five osmolarities (300, 200, 150, 100, and 50 mOsmol l(-1)). The response of the cells was measured by the spermatocrit technique and eosin staining. Spermatocrit determines the increase on spermatozoal volume under hypo-osmotic conditions, a sign of functional integrity of sperm plasma membrane, whereas the eosin staining evaluates the viability of spermatozoa. A significant positive correlation (P<0.01) was observed between spermatocrit values and percentage of eosin-unstained cells. Spermatocrit measurements and eosin staining proved to be useful methods to evaluate the integrity of sperm plasma membrane under hypo-osmotic conditions and could be used as an additional criterion to predict semen preservation ability. 相似文献
40.
Diemer T Huwe P Michelmann HW Mayer F Schiefer HG Weidner W 《International journal of andrology》2000,23(3):178-186
This study evaluated if the negative influence of Escherichia coli on the motility of human spermatozoa is a consequence of E. coli-induced ultrastructural alterations. Suspensions of spermatozoa were artificially infected with E. coli from a serotyped, pathogenic strain and incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 h. After incubation, spermatozoa were fixed in glutaraldehyde, stained with osmium tetroxide and ruthenium red and embedded in Spurr(R)-resin followed by ultramicrotomy. The sections were analysed subsequently by use of transmission electron microscopy. Uninfected suspensions of spermatozoa in medium and bacterial suspensions served as controls. Negative contrast technique was performed to facilitate visualization of ultrastructural details of the bacterial capsule after experimental exposure to spermatozoa. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed multiple and profound alterations in the ultrastructure of spermatozoa such as membrane defects and cytoplasmic vacuoles exclusively in spermatozoa of infected samples (> 90%). Morphological alterations involved all superficial structures of spermatozoa, in particular the plasma membrane of the mid-piece and neck as well as the inner and outer acrosomal membrane of the acrosome, indicating that morphological defects account for the immobilization of spermatozoa by E. coli. The results suggest that E. coli infection of ejaculates results in immobilization and impaired acrosomal function in human spermatozoa, findings that support the indication for antimicrobial chemotherapy in symptomatic and silent infections that affect the ejaculate. 相似文献