Inferior ST segment depression as a useful marker for identifying proximal left anterior descending artery occlusion during acute anterior myocardial infarction

To determine whether or not ST segment deviation on admissionelectrocardiograms can identify patients with anterior acutgemyocardial infarction due to proximal left anterior descendingartery occlusion, the magnitude and location of ST segment elevationor depression were compared between patients with proximal leftanterior descending artery occlusion (group A, n=47) and thosewith distal left anterior descending artery occlusion (groupB, n =59). ST segment depression in each of the inferior leadswas significantly greater in group A than in group B. The incidenceof ST segment depression 1 mm in each of the inferior leads(II; 81% vs 27%, III; 85% vs 54%, aVF; 87% vs 47%, P<0·01)was significantly higher in group A than in group B. In addition,the incidence of ST segment depression 1 mm in all of the inferiorleads was significantly greater in group A than in group B (77%vs 22%, P<0·01). In group A, maximal ST segment elevationwas more frequent in lead V alone (43% vs 14%, P<0·01).Group A had greater ST segment elevation in lead a VL than groupB, and the incidence of ST segment elevation 1 mm in lead aVL was significantly higher in group A than in group B (66%vs 47%, P<0·05). ST segment depression 1 mm in allof the inferior leads was most valuable for identifying groupA patients (77% sensitivity and 78% specificity). In contrast,the maximal ST segment elevation in lead V₂ alone or ST segmentelevation 1 mm in lead a VL had a low diagnostic value (43%sensitivity and 86% specificity, 66% sensitivity and 53% specificity,respectively). In conclusion, this study indicates that analysisof ST segment deviation in the inferior leads is useful foridentifying patients with acute anterior myocardial infarctiondue to proximal left anterior descending occlusion.     

Further elevation of the ST segment during the first hour of thrombolysis: A possible early marker of reperfusion

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical implications of early electrocardiographicchanges during thrombolysis in a randomized study in patientswith an acute myocardial infarction. BACKGROUND: Re-elevation of a rapidly resolving ST segment during thrombolysisis currently interpreted as a sign of re-occlusion, but a furtherelevation at very early stages of lytic therapy may not necessarilyhave the same implications. METHODS: In 214 patients with a first transmural acute myocardial infarctionof 4 h randomized to fibrinolytic (streptokinase group, n: 110)vs non fibrinolytic medical therapy (control group, n: 104),a standard 12 lead ECG was continuously recorded during thefirst 60 min and at 2, 4, 10, 16 and 24 h. Serial enzymes weremeasured during 72 h, and in 156 patients (73%) a coronary angiogramwas performed at 10–15 days. RESULTS: Within the first 20–40 min there was an additional STsegment elevation in 50 patients (45%) from the streptokinasegroup and in 19 from control group (18%) (P<0·0001)but the increment was greater in the streptokinase group (1·2± 1·4 vs 0·3 ± 1·4 mm, P<0·0001).In the streptokinase group, the interval from onset of painto peak creatine kinase MB was shorter in patients with additionalST segment elevation than in those without it (699 ±193 vs 856 ± 299 min, P<0·01). Moreover, in-hospitalmortality tended to be lower in patients whose ST segment waselevated than in those without such elevation (2150, 4%, vs6160, 10%). Incidence of recanalization was high but comparablein these two subsets. In recanalized patients, with or withoutadditional ST segment elevation, the ST segment declined significantlyat 1 h (– 1·0 ± 1·7, P<0·001,vs 0·1 ± 1·5 mm, ns). CONCLUSIONS: Additional ST segment elevation is frequently observed duringthe first hour of intravenous thrombolysis with streptokinase.Its association with a subsequent early decline of ST elevation,reduced mortality, a shorter time interval to peak creatinekinase, and a high rate of late recanalization, suggest thatin some patients it is one of the earliest markers of reperfusion.     

脊柱内固定对邻近运动节段的影响

为研究脊柱内固定对邻近关节突关节的影响,应用成年山羊20只,随机分长节段、短节段固定组和对照组,进行3个月、6个月的光镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜观察。结果发现近头侧2个邻近脊椎的关节突关节都出现了退变。长节段固定后邻近关节突关节早期就出现了较严重的退变,而短节段固定后其退变程度较轻。研究认为内固定后邻近运动节段的高应力环境是其关节突关节退变的主要因素,并有可能导致邻近运动节段的不稳定。     

Motion artifact reduction with three-point ghost phase cancellation.

A novel method for "ghost" artifact suppression is introduced. It suppresses ghosts induced by motion in any direction, as well as other types of quasi-periodic signal modulation. Because it requires neither special hardware nor intensive data processing, it can be easily implemented on conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imagers. The method is based on the concept of decomposition of a ghosted complex image into a ghost mask and ideal image. A set of deliberately designed acquisitions are used to generate a set of ghosted complex images in which the ghost components are related in a simple manner. With use of equations describing image decomposition and ghost correlation, the ideal image can be calculated pixel by pixel. The ideal image obtained (representing the time-averaged spin-density distribution) is shown to be a truer representation of physical reality than the ghost-free image obtained with ordered phase encoding. In this technique, both interview and intraview effects are taken into account. The technique is also useful in simultaneously suppressing ghosts from multifrequency signal modulations such as respiratory and cardiac motions. The method was successfully tested with three time-interleaved, phase-encoding-order-shifted acquisitions. Experimental results have shown that it is a simple but effective technique.     

子宫下段剖宫产不缝合腹膜168例临床分析

目的：探讨子宫下段剖宫产术不缝合腹膜对手术后效果影响。方法：对2000年7月～2001年7月在我院行改良式腹壁横切口子宫下段剖宫产168例，分成缝合腹膜组与不缝合腹膜组，在手术时间、术后镇痛药使用、肛门排气时间、术后发热、术后切口愈合方面进行观察和总结。结果：不缝合腹膜组在手术后发热，腹壁切口延期愈合方面与缝合腹膜组差异无显著性，在手术时间、术后肛门排气时间、术后镇痛药使用上比缝合腹膜组少。结论：施行子宫下段剖宫产，不缝合腹膜具有手术时间短、术后排气早、疼痛轻等优点，不会增加腹腔脏器粘连。     

三维锥形束CT解析重建算法发展综述

同二维的扇束、平行束相比,三维锥束CT需要的扫描时间更短,可以获得更好的空间分辨率和更高的射线利用效率。虽然锥束CT的解析重建算法在数学计算上比较复杂,由于其运算量较大,工程实现起来也有一定的困难,但是随着近几年硬件和算法的快速发展,三维锥束CT变得越来越有希望,医用及工业CT正向着中等甚至大锥角三维锥束CT过渡。鉴于其巨大的实用背景,本文对近些年三维锥束解析重建算法的发展做了一个回顾,尤其是针对长物体问题的算法及短物体问题的算法进行的研究,并对各类算法作了比较和讨论,最后对三维锥形束CT解析重建算法理论的发展进行了展望。     

联合眼前段重建的二期后房型人工晶体植入术

目的 探讨联合重建眼前段结构及二期后房型人工晶体植入的方法及效果。方法 对36例43眼伴有不同程度眼前段结构紊乱的无晶体眼患者，行眼前段重建和后房型人工晶体植入术。眼前段重建包括虹膜粘连松解、瞳孔成形、瞳孔区机化膜切开、前段玻璃体切除术等。结果 均顺利植入后房型人工晶体。随访6～12个月。术后视力≥0．3者36眼，占83．7％；瞳孔圆形者33眼，占76．7％；人工晶体正位者38眼，占88．4％；无严重并发症。结论 在具备良好的手术条件、熟练的显微操作技术下，联合眼前段重建的二期后房型人工晶体植入术可获得满意的效果。     

校正TIMI帧数对急性心肌梗死病人支架成形术后的预后评价

目的：观察急性心肌梗死（AM／）病人成功冠状动脉介入（Percutaneous coronary intervation，PCI）治疗后，校正TIMI帧数（Corrected TIMI Frame Count，CTFC）与其预后的关系。方法：选取成功PCI术后、梗死相关动脉TIMI血流3级的AMI病人123例，测定CTFC，同时观察住院期间不良事件的发生率及随访1年时死亡率。结果：根据CTFC值将病人分为慢、快两组。慢CTFE组住院期间不良事件发生率及随访1年时死亡率明显高于快CTFC组，两组具有显著性差异（P值分别为〈0．01和〈0．05）。结论：CTFC可有效评价成功PCI术后病人近、远期预后，有助于对此类病人进行进一步的危险度分层，以指导治疗。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者再灌注治疗预后的影响因素

【摘要】 目的 探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者再灌注治疗预后的影响因素。方法 选取2012年1月～2015年1月于我院行再灌注治疗的126例STEMI患者作为研究对象,采用回顾性分析所有患者的临床及随访资料,根据其资料结果记录所有患者的性别、年龄、疾病史等一般临床资料,疾病情况、血红蛋白等相关临床指标水平以及再灌注治疗后的预后效果,并比较不同预后效果患者间上述资料的差异性。分析影响再灌注治疗STEMI患者预后的因素。结果 126例STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后预后好106例(8413%),预后差20例(1587%); 年龄≥60岁的STEMI患者其女性和糖尿病比例以及心功能killip分级较高,而吸烟和饮酒患者较少,血红蛋白水平较低,预后较差（P＜005）;中、重度贫血患者其女性、吸烟、糖尿病比例和年龄及心功能能killip分级均高于非贫血和轻度贫血者,且前两者预后更差比较差异间均具有统计学意义（P＜005）;既往存在糖尿病病史,有吸烟、喝酒习惯,心功能killip分级过高、血脂异常以及年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血的STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后其预后较差（P＜005）;经非条件多因素Lgistic回归模型分析显示,killip分级过高、血脂异常以及年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血是影响STEMI再灌注治疗预后效果的独立危险因素（P＜005）。结论 STEMI患者经再灌注治疗后的预后效果尚可,年龄≥60岁和中、重度贫血等均为影响STEMI再灌注治疗预后效果的独立危险因素,可将其联合作为临床上评估STEMI患者经再灌注治疗预后效果的有效指标。     

颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉血流状态及视网膜血管形态的相关性

目的：探讨颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉血流状态及视网膜血管形态的相关性。

方法：选取2017-01/2018-06因疑似脑缺血来我院就诊的患者251例,根据颈内动脉狭窄程度分为无狭窄组(39例)、轻度狭窄组(80例)、中度狭窄组(83例)、重度狭窄组(49例)。比较四组患者眼部动脉血流动力学指标及视网膜血管管径,分析眼部血流参数与颅内段重度颈内动脉狭窄的相关性及诊断价值。

结果：重度狭窄组患者眼动脉(OA)、视网膜中央动脉(CRA)、睫状后动脉(PCA)的血管血流参数收缩峰流速(PSV)和舒张峰流速(EDV)均低于其他三组,且PSV、EDV与重度狭窄组患者颈内动脉狭窄率呈显著负相关,其中PCA PSV、PCA EDV对颅内段重度颈内动脉狭窄诊断最佳临界值分别为11.26、5.21cm/s。

结论：颅内段颈内动脉狭窄与眼部动脉PSV、EDV呈显著负相关,其中PCA PSV、PCA EDV对于颅内段颈内动脉狭窄最敏感。