Intervention Effects on Health-Risking Sexual Behavior Among Girls in Foster Care: The Role of Placement Disruption and Tobacco and Marijuana Use

The present study examined the effects of the Middle School Success (MSS) intervention, a program to promote healthy adjustment in foster girls, on their health-risking sexual behavior, using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) design. As hypothesized, girls in the intervention condition (N = 48) showed significantly lower levels of health-risking sexual behavior than did girls in the control condition (N = 52) at 36 months post-baseline. Further path analysis indicated that this intervention effect was fully mediated through its effects on girls' tobacco and marijuana use. Findings highlight the importance of providing preventive intervention services to foster girls during early adolescence.     

MTFC for High-Risk Adolescent Girls: A Comparison of Outcomes in England and the United States

The current study examined 12-month outcomes for girls enrolled in an implementation trial of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC) in England. In addition to examining changes from pretreatment to posttreatment, we also compared results for girls enrolled in the England implementation trial to girls enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of MTFC in the United States. The England MTFC sample included 58 girls in foster care between the ages of 12 and 16 years. The U.S. MTFC intervention sample included 81 girls between the ages of 13 and 17 years who were referred to out-of-home care due to chronic delinquency. Results indicated improvement in offending, violent behavior, risky sexual behavior, self-harm, and school activities for girls enrolled in the England implementation trial. The effect sizes of these results were similar to those obtained in the U.S. RCT, with the exception of substance use, which showed significant decreases for girls enrolled in the U.S. RCT but not for girls enrolled in the England implementation trial. These results, in combination with other cross-cultural findings, support the notion that MTFC might be relevant across U.S. and European cultures.     

The Impact of Abuse Trauma on Alcohol and Drug Use: a Study of High-Risk Incarcerated Girls

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of abuse trauma (physical and sexual) on alcohol and drug use of high-risk girls (12 to 18 years of age) who were surveyed within the first two weeks of their incarceration. One-way ANOVA analyses and Tukey post hoc tests indicate physical abuse with a weapon was associated with higher marijuana use and number of drugs used. Sexual abuse, especially within the past year, increased marijuana use, alcohol use, number of drugs used, and alcohol and other drug (AOD) problems. Policy implications reflect the need for treatment protocols within substance abuse programs to address abuse trauma, particularly forced sex which has occurred within the past year.     

Breakfast Frequency and Composition in a Group of Polish Children Aged 7–10 Years

Breakfast is considered one of the crucial elements of a healthy diet. Most studies evaluate breakfast consumption with the risk of obesity and other health effects. Less attention is paid to the evaluation of breakfast composition and patterns. Thus, this study aimed to describe the most frequently observed breakfast patterns and to assess breakfast composition and quality in a group of Polish early school-age children. The cross-sectional survey study was conducted in school years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Information regarding breakfast was obtained with the use of an original paper-based weekly observation diary, and breakfast quality was assessed with a special scoring designed to be used together with the diary. In total, 223 schoolchildren of the second and third grades participated in the study, and 200 diaries were analyzed. More than ¾ of the participants consumed breakfast every day. Nearly 68% of meals were classified as well balanced, but only 16.5% of children eat a well-balanced breakfast every day. The number of children who usually (≥5 times per week) eat a sandwich for breakfast was 94 (47%), and that of those who habitually eat cereal and milk or porridge was 29 (14.5%). Only 7% of children consumed fruit or vegetables for breakfast daily, and 26.5% never eat fruit or vegetables for breakfast. Concluding, most children eat breakfast regularly, but the meal composition and quality might be improved.     

学龄儿童生长发育迟缓及其与土源性线虫感染的关系

【目的】 了解学龄儿童生长发育迟缓现状及其相关影响因素。 【方法】 在广西、海南两地农村地区,对3个乡15个学校的1 031名9~12岁儿童生长发育进行现况调查,调查内容包括:填写问卷、病原学检测、体格测量以及实验室检测等。问卷涉及儿童、家长及家庭经济状况等信息。病原学粪便检测采用Kato-Katz涂片法一送三检查三种主要土源性线虫 (钩虫、蛔虫和鞭虫) 虫卵并感染度分级为轻、中、重度感染。测量儿童身高体重并采用WHO标准计算年龄别身高(Height-for-age, HA)的Z评分值,作为评定儿童生长发育迟缓的指标。检测血红蛋白评价儿童是否贫血。使用EpiData3.0软件建立数据库,SPSS16.0软件进行统计分析。 【结果】 儿童生长发育迟缓(HAZ<2)264人,占25.6%。生长发育迟缓的危险因素:1)中重度土源性线虫感染(OR=1.927,95%CI:1.194~3.110);2)贫血(OR=3.26,95%CI:2.02~5.27),母亲的文化程度(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.39~3.25)。土源性线虫感染378例,感染率为36.7%;中、重度感染173例,感染率为16.8%。单纯蛔虫、钩虫和鞭虫感染的感染率为11.2%(115/1 031)、11.5%(119/1 031)和4.9%(51/1 031),混合感染的感染率为9.1%(93/1 031)。贫血(Hb<120 g/L)135人,患病率为13.1%。 【结论】 生长发育迟缓在研究地区患病率高,且土源性线虫感染,尤其是中重度感染是生长发育迟缓的重要危险因素。     

改良式女婴集尿袋的临床效果研究

[目的]观察改良式女婴集尿袋收集尿液标本的临床应用效果。[方法]将300例新生儿女婴随机分为试验组和对照组各150例,试验组采用改良式集尿袋收集尿标本,对照组采用传统集尿袋收集尿标本,分别比较两组收集尿液标本一次成功率及受大便污染率。[结果]试验组收集尿液标本一次成功率为79.3%明显高于对照组60.7%,试验组尿液标本受大便污染率为4.7%低于对照组12.7%(P均<0.05)。[结论]改良式女婴集尿袋的使用能明显提高留取尿液标本的一次成功率,同时降低受大便污染率。     

AAC technologies with visual scene displays and “just in time” programming and symbolic communication turns expressed by students with severe disability

Background: The current study investigated the impact of an intervention that included aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) technologies on the frequency of symbolic communication turns of school-age children, adolescents, and young adults with severe disability.

Method: Nine students ages 8–20 were engaged in interactive activities using an aided AAC system with visual scene displays (VSDs; concepts embedded within a photograph of a naturally occurring event), and “just-in-time” (JIT) programming (the capability to add new contexts “on the fly”). Effectiveness was evaluated using a single subject multiple probe across participants design.

Results: All participants demonstrated increases in symbolic communication turns upon introduction of the AAC technologies with VSDs using JIT technology.

Conclusions: AAC with VSDs and JIT programming may be effective in increasing symbolic communication for students with severe developmental disability. The fast and easy creation of VSDs and hotspots to provide communication may be a valuable tool for interventionists.     

学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度水平及影响因素研究

目的 了解学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度水平,探究影响骨密度变化的因素。方法 于2018年10月-2019年10月招募北京积水潭医院小儿内科96例6~12岁肥胖儿童为研究对象进行问卷调查,空腹胰岛素、血清钙、血维生素D、血脂检测和体成分、双前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度测量、腹部超声检查。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 96名学龄期肥胖儿童平均年龄(9.10±1.88)岁,左、右前臂尺、桡骨远端骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男、女童骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。10~12岁组肥胖儿童骨密度明显高于6~7岁组和8~9岁组,差异有统计学意义(H＝13.917,P<0.05)。学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度与年龄、肌肉量均呈正相关关系(r=0.359、0.315,P<0.05),与总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、钙均呈负相关关系(r=-0.311、-0.203、-0.246、-0.207,P<0.05)。奶及奶制品、含糖碳酸饮料、中等强度运动、阳光直射时间会影响肥胖学龄期儿童骨密度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,阳光直射时间为骨密度的独立影响因素(β=0.036,t=2.836,P<0.05)。结论 学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度随年龄增长而增加,膳食、环境因素对骨密度水平有重要影响。