Reduction of adult height in tall girls

Assessment of the results of treatment of tall girls with estrogens by comparing actual mature height with predicted mature height is unreliable, unless the accuracy of prediction has been tested in untreated tall girls. We report such an investigation in 14 tall girls who were treated with estrogens and in 14 untreated tall girls. Of the three prediction methods, those of Bayley and Tanner were reliable in our hands, whereas the method of Roche was less adequate. The mean reduction of height by treatment was about 7 cm using Tanner's method of prediction, 10 cm when Bayley's method was used. The standard deviation of the difference between actual and predicted height as found in untreated girls makes it hazardous to assess the amount of height reduction in the individual treated case with any certainty.     

MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE IN RELATION TO AGE IN BLIND AND NORMAL BOYS AND GIRLS

ABSTRACT. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO₂ max) was measured in 180 children during exhaustive work on a bicycle ergometer. The material comprised 12 blind boys and 11 blind girls (8–14 years) as well as 82 normal boys and 75 normal girls (8–17 years). VO₂ max increased linearly with age in all four groups. In normal girls mature values were reached at the age of 14 years. Normal boys had significantly higher values than normal girls and their VO₂ max increased faster with age. No sex differences in VO₂ max were found in blind children. Normal children had significantly higher values than the blind. VO₂ max/kg was uninfluenced by age in three of the groups: 55, 45 and 37 ml/min/kg in normal boys, blind boys and blind girls, respectively. In normal girls VO₂ max/kg decreased with age from 51 to 42 ml/min/kg. Significant sex differences were found in both normal and blind children. VO₂ max/kg in blind boys was 82% of that of normal boys, while blind girls had significantly lower values than normal girls. Most of these differences were established already at the age of 8 years. It is concluded that the differences in maximal oxygen uptake between normal and blind children are to a high degree due to different levels of physical activity during early childhood.     

Evaluation of an internet-based speech-in-noise screening test for school-age children

Objective: To evaluate a Dutch online speech-in-noise screening test (in Dutch: “Kinderhoortest”) in normal-hearing school-age children. Sub-aims were to study test–retest reliability, and the effects of presentation type and age on test results. Design: An observational cross-sectional study at school. Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were obtained through the online test in a training condition, and two test conditions: on a desktop computer and smartphone. The order of the test conditions was counterbalanced. Study sample: Ninety-four children participated (5–12 years), of which 75 children were normal-hearing (≤25?dB HL at 0.5?kHz,?≤20?dB HL at 1–4?kHz). Results: There was a significant effect for test order for the two test conditions (first or second test), but not for presentation type (desktop computer or smartphone) (repeated measures analyses, F(1,75)?=?12.48, p?F(1,75)?=?0.01, p?=?0.982). SRT significantly improved by age year (first test: 0.25?dB SNR, 95% CI: –0.43 to –0.08, p?=?0.004. Second test: 0.29?dB SNR, 95% CI: –0.46 to –0.11; p?=?0.002). Conclusions: The online test shows potential for routine-hearing screening of school-age children, and can be presented on either a desktop computer or smartphone. The test should be evaluated further in order to establish sensitivity and specificity for hearing loss in children.     

学龄期肥胖儿童气质特点及行为、家庭影响因素分析

目的 探讨学龄期肥胖儿童的气质特点及其相关因素对肥胖儿童气质的影响,为肥胖儿童的身心健康教育和家庭教育提供参考依据。方法 采用“中国8~12岁学龄儿童气质问卷”对单纯性肥胖组和正常体重组儿童各119名进行问卷调查。用自制的"儿童一般资料问卷"进行相关因素调查。结果 在气质类型分布上,肥胖组与正常组比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.01)。在气质维度上,肥胖组男童注意分散的得分明显低于正常组(P<0.05),肥胖组女童趋避性、适应性、持久性上得分高于正常组(P<0.05或<0.01);活动水平、反应阈的得分低于正常组(P<0.05)。影响学龄期肥胖儿童气质维度的相关因素有学前带养史、家庭结构、母亲文化程度、父母婚姻关系、父母教养方式、父母管教态度。结论 对特殊气质的肥胖儿童应根据气质特点有针对性的进行个性化教育,促使肥胖儿童身心健康发展。     

Recent advances of laparoscopic approach in adnexal torsion of premenarcheal girls

The adnexal torsion is an uncommon gynaecological emergency; however, it must be excluded in young girls in order to conserve their future ovarian function and fertility. The diagnosis of adnexal torsion is particularly difficult in girls before the menarche during which time the clinical examination is very delicate. We review the recent literature and laparoscopic advances in this domain and propose a management algorithm.     

Breakfast Frequency and Composition in a Group of Polish Children Aged 7–10 Years

Breakfast is considered one of the crucial elements of a healthy diet. Most studies evaluate breakfast consumption with the risk of obesity and other health effects. Less attention is paid to the evaluation of breakfast composition and patterns. Thus, this study aimed to describe the most frequently observed breakfast patterns and to assess breakfast composition and quality in a group of Polish early school-age children. The cross-sectional survey study was conducted in school years 2017/2018 and 2018/2019. Information regarding breakfast was obtained with the use of an original paper-based weekly observation diary, and breakfast quality was assessed with a special scoring designed to be used together with the diary. In total, 223 schoolchildren of the second and third grades participated in the study, and 200 diaries were analyzed. More than ¾ of the participants consumed breakfast every day. Nearly 68% of meals were classified as well balanced, but only 16.5% of children eat a well-balanced breakfast every day. The number of children who usually (≥5 times per week) eat a sandwich for breakfast was 94 (47%), and that of those who habitually eat cereal and milk or porridge was 29 (14.5%). Only 7% of children consumed fruit or vegetables for breakfast daily, and 26.5% never eat fruit or vegetables for breakfast. Concluding, most children eat breakfast regularly, but the meal composition and quality might be improved.     

Determination of an Acceptable Portion Size of Daal for a Bangladeshi Community-Based Iron Intervention in Adolescent Girls: A Feasibility Study

Widely consumed daal (lentils) in Bangladesh are an ideal vehicle for iron (Fe) fortification; however, an acceptable portion size in meals needs to be determined to carry out a community feeding study in at-risk adolescent girls. A non-randomized crossover trial was conducted with n = 100 Bangladeshi girls (12.9 ± 2.0 years of age). Two recipes (thin and thick) and three portion sizes (25 g, 37.5 g, 50 g of raw lentil) of daal were served with 250 g of cooked white rice in a counter-balanced manner over 12 weeks. Each meal was fed to participants 5 days/week for two weeks. Ratings of hunger, satiety, and palatability were measured before and after each meal using Visual Analog Scales (VAS). The thick preparation in the 37.5 g portion (~200 g cooked) elicited higher VAS ratings of hunger, satiety, and palatability compared to all other meals. The 50 g portion of the thin preparation had VAS ratings similar to those of the 37.5 g thick preparation. Consuming the 37.5 g portion of fortified daal would provide 6.9 mg Fe/day to girls in a community-based effectiveness study. This would meet ~86% and ~46% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Fe for girls aged 9–13 and 14–18 years, respectively.     

洁童阴洗液治疗幼女外阴阴道炎的临床与实验研究

目的：探讨中药洁童阴洗液治疗幼女外阴阴道炎的临床疗效和作用机理。方法：随机设洁童阴洗液观察组（简称观察组）300例和日舒安洗液对照组（简称对照组）60例，对两组患儿治疗前后主要症状和体征积分值进行对比观察，并进行中药药理药效学的动物实验。结果：临床总有效率观察组与对照组分别为98％和93％，治愈率分别为93％和83％，观察组治愈率明显优于对照组（P＜0．05）。实验研究表明，该制剂具有抗炎，抗菌，止痒，镇痛，调节免疫功能的作用，且对粘膜无刺激。结论：洁童阴洗液治疗幼女外阴阴道炎具有良好可靠的疗效，它具有抗炎，抑菌，止痒，镇痛，调节免疫功能的作用，且无明显的不良反应。     

山东省城市学龄儿童超重、肥胖现状及影响因素研究

目的 了解山东省城市学龄儿童超重、肥胖的流行现状,探讨其影响因素,为预防干预学龄儿童超重、肥胖提供理论依据。方法 采用多阶段随机整群抽样法,抽取山东省济南市、淄博市、临沂市3所小学共1 584名学龄儿童进行问卷调查和体格测量。结果 山东省城市学龄儿童超重检出率13.76%,肥胖检出率13.26%,超重、肥胖合并检出率27.02%;多因素分析结果显示,细嚼慢咽、挑食/偏食与否、是否每天吃水果、喝甜饮、吃早餐等饮食习惯因素,以及性别、周岁体重、父母体质指数等因素是学龄儿童超重、肥胖的可能影响因素。 结论 山东省有超过1/4的城市学龄儿童超重、肥胖。建议教育并引导儿童培养合理的饮食习惯,采取综合措施对学龄儿童超重、肥胖进行干预。     

学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度水平及影响因素研究

目的 了解学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度水平,探究影响骨密度变化的因素。方法 于2018年10月-2019年10月招募北京积水潭医院小儿内科96例6~12岁肥胖儿童为研究对象进行问卷调查,空腹胰岛素、血清钙、血维生素D、血脂检测和体成分、双前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度测量、腹部超声检查。采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 96名学龄期肥胖儿童平均年龄(9.10±1.88)岁,左、右前臂尺、桡骨远端骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男、女童骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。10~12岁组肥胖儿童骨密度明显高于6~7岁组和8~9岁组,差异有统计学意义(H＝13.917,P<0.05)。学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度与年龄、肌肉量均呈正相关关系(r=0.359、0.315,P<0.05),与总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、钙均呈负相关关系(r=-0.311、-0.203、-0.246、-0.207,P<0.05)。奶及奶制品、含糖碳酸饮料、中等强度运动、阳光直射时间会影响肥胖学龄期儿童骨密度,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,阳光直射时间为骨密度的独立影响因素(β=0.036,t=2.836,P<0.05)。结论 学龄期肥胖儿童骨密度随年龄增长而增加,膳食、环境因素对骨密度水平有重要影响。