Effects of body fat on ventilatory function in children and adolescents: Cross-sectional findings from a random population sample of school children

Childhood obesity is associated with a range of adverse consequences, and the prevalence is increasing in developed nations. Most of the literature on obesity and ventilatory function in children concerns samples selected for gross obesity with relatively little detail available from random population samples. This report examines the effect of total body fat as a percentage of weight (TBF%) on ventilatory function in a nationally representative sample of 2,464 Australian school children aged 9, 12, and 15 years. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁) were used as measures of ventilatory function. TBF% was estimated from skinfold thickness measurements. Ventilatory function was adjusted (for height and then for both height and weight) using linear regression on a logarithmic scale. Adjustment was performed within separate strata of age and gender. Analysis of covariance was used for hypothesis testing. Height-adjusted FVC and FEV₁ values increased significantly with increasing weight within each age and gender group and for all subjects combined (P < 0.0001). The effect of TBF% independent of lean tissue was examined using FVC and FEV₁ values adjusted for both height and weight, because body weight measures both lean and fat mass. Adjusted FVC and FEV₁ values decreased significantly with increasing TBF% within each age and gender group and for all subjects combined (P < 0.0001). Ventilatory function decreased with increasing proportions of body fat. This is consistent with previous findings on lean tissue mass and ventilatory function. Although the magnitude of the effect was relatively small in clinical terms, from a public health perspective our findings indicate yet another adverse consequence of childhood obesity. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 1997; 24:187–194. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

泰安市学龄儿童血铅水平及对身心健康的影响研究

目的了解泰安市学龄儿童血铅水平与身心健康的相关性。方法采用原子吸收法测600例小学生血铅含量;对其中70例高血铅(≥100μg/L)、110例低水平铅暴露者(30~99μg/L)进行临床表现调查与部分血液指标检测,采用Conners父母量表评定行为问题,且与正常者比较。结果儿童男女性别间无显著性差异,但随着年龄的增长,血铅水平增高的比例明显上升。高血铅组、低水平铅暴露组临床症状的发生率均高于正常者,平均红细胞容积、平均红细胞血红蛋白量均低于正常者(P均0.05)。结论学龄期儿童临床症状出现频率与血铅水平有相关性,铅污染与学龄期儿童年龄有相关性;铅污染不同年龄学龄期儿童临床症状出现频率与血铅水平有相关性。     

护理程序指导下的强化护理对提高学龄期NS患儿临床治疗依从性及心理健康行为的效果

目的:探讨护理程序指导下的强化护理对提高学龄期肾病综合征患儿临床治疗依从性及心理健康行为的应用效果.方法:选择我院2016年7月至2020年5月期间收治的50例学龄期肾病综合征患儿,根据随机数字表法分组标准分为两组,即观察组(25例)和对照组(25例),提供给对照组患儿常规护理服务,观察组患儿应用护理程序指导下强化护理...     

学龄期恶性肿瘤患儿结束化疗后的心理体验

目的:探讨学龄期恶性肿瘤患儿结束化疗后回归家庭和社会的心理体验.方法:采用目的抽样法,选取2019年6月至2020年12月结束化疗后3～12个月的10例学龄期恶性肿瘤患儿进行半结构式访谈,应用colaizzi现象学7步分析法分析资料.结果:通过聆听、交谈、分析和提炼,归纳出学龄期恶性肿瘤患儿结束化疗后来院复查的复杂心情...     

The HPV vaccine: framing the arguments FOR and AGAINST mandatory vaccination of all middle school girls

BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus responsible for cervical cancer, is the most common viral sexually transmitted infection in the United States. A vaccine was approved in 2006 that is effective in preventing the types of HPV responsible for 70% of cervical cancers and 90% of genital warts. Proposals for routine and mandatory HPV vaccination of girls have become sources of controversy for parents of school-aged youth, legislators, members of the medical community, and the public at large. METHODS: The purpose of this article was to articulate the arguments used by advocates who either oppose or endorse routine, mandatory administration of the vaccine to school-aged girls, thereby assisting school health personnel in being effective participants in framing the relevant issues. RESULTS: Controversy is grounded in moral, religious, political, economic, and sociocultural arguments including whether concerns that the vaccine increases sexual risk taking, sends mixed messages about abstaining from sexual intercourse, usurps parental authority, and increases the potential for development of new health disparities are offset by the value of administering a cost-effective, age-appropriate public health measure targeting a life-threatening problem. CONCLUSIONS: Careful consideration of the medical evidence and public health implications is critical but understanding the context of the debate is no less important to the task of responding to public concerns. School health personnel have a role in the discussion about HPV immunization. Being able to articulate the arguments presented herein can help authorities' responsiveness to parents and community groups as the dialogue about this particular health issue evolves further.     

Black, Hispanic, and white girls' perceptions of environmental and social support and enjoyment of physical activity

BACKGROUND: This study examines the differences among black, Hispanic, and white adolescent girls in their perceptions surrounding physical activity (PA), including support within the school climate, friend and family social support, and personal enjoyment. METHODS: Participants included 1466 sixth-grade girls from 36 middle schools across the United States. Participants were 20% black, 21% Hispanic, 47% white, and 12% of other or mixed races. Multivariate analyses were performed on each scale, adjusting for body mass index and free and reduced-price lunch status. RESULTS: Results showed racial differences on several variables. Black girls, compared with white girls, perceived significantly lower PA enjoyment (p<.001) and teacher support for PA (p=.004). Hispanic girls experienced less PA enjoyment (p=.003) and perceived less support for PA from boys (p=.001) and their families (p=.008) than white girls. Black girls reported significantly higher levels of physical education (PE) enjoyment than did white girls (p=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in perceived PA support and enjoyment across race raise questions about why these differences exist and how best to address disparities within interventions.     

乌鲁木齐市维汉族学龄儿童细胞免疫功能及影响因素的探讨

本文应用植物血凝素(PHA)检测了乌市维汉族学龄儿童的细胞免疫功能。结果表明,汉族儿童的PHA红斑直径均值高于维族,不论维汉族男女生均以9～10岁年龄段PHA红斑均值最大,并有随年龄增加而下降的趋势。同时对缺铁性贫血、生长发育水平及营养状况对细胞免疫功能的影响进行了初步探讨。     

超声在女童性早熟鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨超声在女童性早熟不同类型的鉴别诊断中的价值。方法对临床及实验室检查确诊的真性性早熟,假性性早熟及正常女童三组患者进行超声检查,观察其子宫大小,卵巢大小,一个切面最大卵泡数和最大卵泡直径,比较检查结果。结果真性性早熟患儿子宫测量各径线均大于正常同龄女童,卵巢容积、最大卵泡直径及一个切面卵泡数量均大于正常同龄女童(P<0.05)。假性性早熟患儿子宫测量各径线均大于正常同龄女童(P<0.05),卵巢容积、最大卵泡直径及一个切面卵泡数量与正常同龄女童无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论超声对于不同类型女童性早熟的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

生姜产地与非产地学龄儿童幽门螺杆菌感染状况调查

目的研究生姜产地与非产地学龄儿童幽门螺杆菌（Hp）的感染情况与食用新鲜生姜等因素的关系,为防治学龄儿童Hp感染提供基础资料。方法对生姜产地与非产地213例学龄儿童应用免疫层析法进行Hp抗体检测以了解Hp感染状态。结果生姜产地学龄儿童Hp感染率为24.07%（26/108）;非产地学龄儿童Hp感染率为38.10%（40/105）。两地学龄儿童的感染率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论生姜产地学龄儿童的Hp感染率低于非产地学龄儿童的感染率,食用新鲜生姜有助于降低感染率。     

宿迁市2020年学龄儿童新发近视情况分析

目的：探究宿迁市2020年学龄儿童新发近视的情况及相关风险因素。

方法：采用分层整群抽样的方法,选取江苏省宿迁市42所小学,根据2019及2020年的体检信息纳入受试学龄儿童共12 452人; 基于其两年的视力、屈光度、身高和体质量信息,本研究分析了该地不同人口特征因素下学龄儿童的新发近视情况及其相关风险因素。

结果：本研究中学龄儿童总体新发近视率为24.63%,不同人口特征因素下的新发近视率均有差异(均P<0.01),其中城市高于乡镇(26.24% vs 21.31%)、女生高于男生(27.05% vs 22.91%)、超重的学龄儿童高于不超重的(25.82% vs 23.92%),且新发近视率随年龄增长呈递增趋势(χ²_趋势=236.421,P<0.01); 同时新发近视者的身高和体质量年增加量均大于维持正视者(均P<0.01); Logistic回归分析结果显示,城市(OR=1.541)、女生(OR=1.325)、高年龄段(OR=2.827)及超重(OR=1.191)的学龄儿童新发近视的风险更高(均P<0.01)。

结论：宿迁市2020年学龄儿童的新发近视情况不容乐观,其中城市、女性、高年龄段及超重的学龄儿童新发近视的风险较高,同时一段时间内身高、体质量的快速增加可能警示着近视的发展。