社区卫生服务中心在创建“安全社区”中的作用

城市社区卫生服务中心作为社区跨界组织在创建“安全社区”中承担意外和非意外伤害的监测职能,通过建立健全伤害监测机制,加强网络建设和基础资料收集,规范伤害报告流程,最终提高伤害报告的准确率和及时率,从而为伤害预防和制订干预措施提供基础依据。     

Experiences of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality-Funded Projects That Implemented Practices for Safer Patient Care

Objectives. To synthesize lessons learned from the experiences of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality-funded patient safety projects in implementing safe practices.
Data Sources. Self-reported data from individual and group interviews with Original, Challenge, and Partnerships in Implementing Patient Safety (PIPS) grantees, from 2003 to 2006.
Study Design. Interviews with three grantee groups ( n =60 total) implementing safe practice projects, with comparisons on factors influencing project implementation and sustainability.
Data Collection. Semi-structured protocols contained open-ended questions on lessons learned and more structured questions on factors associated with project implementation and sustainability.
Principal Findings. The grantees shared common experiences, frequently identifying lessons learned regarding structural components needing to be in place before implementation, components of the implementation process, components of interventions' results needed for sustainability, changes in timelines or activities, unanticipated issues, and staff acceptance/adoption. Also, fewer Original grants had many of the factors related project to implementation/sustainability than the PIPS or Challenge grantees had.
Conclusions. Although much of what was reported seemed like common sense, surprisingly few projects actually planned for or expected many of the barriers or facilitators they experienced during their project implementation. Others implementing practice improvements likely will share the experiences and issues identified by these implementation projects and can learn from their lessons.     

区域化电子健康档案安全交换的建设策略

目的：探讨电子健康档案（Electronic Health Record,EHR）安全交换的相关技术和建设方案。以促进区域卫生信息的共享。方法：结合区域信息化发展和电子签名技术的特点,提出“总体规划、分步实施”的EHR安全交换的建设策略。结果：实现区域内EHR的安全交换,满足安全交换的应用需求。结论：在区域卫生信息化的建设过程中,对一些难以整体突破的技术难题采用分阶段、分步实施的策略。既符合客观需求,又能为以后的发展积累经验。     

Safety evaluation of an IPP tripeptide-containing milk protein hydrolysate

Tensguard™ is a milk protein hydrolysate containing the lactotripeptide IPP. It is derived from cow’s milk, which is present in the human diet and has a safe history of consumption. The final Tensguard™ product, a supplement or a functional food ingredient, is intended for use by people who want to follow a healthy diet and lifestyle in order to manage their blood pressure. The safety-in-use of commercial lactotripeptide-containing products has been confirmed in several in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies and in studies with humans. To support the safety, Tensguard™ was examined in three in vitro genotoxicity tests (bacterial reverse mutation test, mammalian cell gene mutation test and mammalian chromosomal aberration test) and in a 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in rats. The genotoxicity tests confirm that Tensguard™ is not mutagenic or clastogenic. The NOAEL from the 90-day study was at the highest dose tested, i.e. 4% in the diet. The NOAEL is equivalent to an overall mean intake of 2 g Tensguard™/kg body weight/day and corresponds to 40 mg IPP/kg body weight/day. This is 141-fold higher than the maximal anticipated intake. In conclusion, Tensguard™ is safe under the conditions of intended use.     

2004—2020年复方丹参片不良反应/事件监测分析

目的 通过分析2004—2020年河南省药品不良反应监测平台收到的复方丹参片不良反应/事件报告,探讨复方丹参片ADR/ADE发生的规律和特点,为其临床安全用药提供参考。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,ADR/ADE共纳入1 561例病例,对患者的人口学信息、发生ADR/ADE时间、累及系统、ADR/ADE表现及转归进行综合分析。结果 复方丹参片ADR/ADE多发于中老年人群,用药1 d内发生率较高,转归情况良好,常见累及系统损害为胃肠系统、皮肤及其附件系统和中枢及外周神经系统,使用中可引起低钾血症及出血。结论 医疗机构在使用该药过程中,要严格遵循说明书规范用药,医嘱患者使用时应注意其不良反应情况,以确保及早发现,及时处理。     

Expert Consensus Statement on achieving self‐sufficiency in safe blood and blood products,based on voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation (VNRBD)*

All countries face challenges in making sufficient supplies of blood and blood products available and sustainable, while also ensuring the quality and safety of these products in the face of known and emerging threats to public health. Since 1975, the World Health Assembly (WHA) has highlighted the global need for blood safety and availability. WHA resolutions 63·12, 58·13 and 28·72, The Melbourne Declaration on 100% Voluntary Non‐Remunerated Donation of Blood and Blood Components and WHO Global Blood Safety Network recommendations have reaffirmed the achievement of ‘Self‐sufficiency in blood and blood products based on voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation (VNRBD)’ as the important national policy direction for ensuring a safe, secure and sufficient supply of blood and blood products, including labile blood components and plasma‐derived medicinal products. Despite some successes, self‐sufficiency is not yet a reality in many countries. A consultation of experts, convened by the World Health Organization (WHO) in September 2011 in Geneva, Switzerland, addressed the urgent need to establish strategies and mechanisms for achieving self‐sufficiency. Information on the current situation, and country perspectives and experiences were shared. Factors influencing the global implementation of self‐sufficiency, including safety, ethics, security and sustainability of supply, trade and its potential impact on public health, availability and access for patients, were analysed to define strategies and mechanisms and provide practical guidance on achieving self‐sufficiency. Experts developed a consensus statement outlining the rationale and definition of self‐sufficiency in safe blood and blood products based on VNRBD and made recommendations to national health authorities and WHO.     

安徽省农村卫生厕所质量及粪便无害化效果的研究

目的　了解安徽省农村卫生厕所质量及粪便无害化效果。方法　选择安微省WES项目县作为调查县 ,按改厕覆盖率不同选择调查点 ,对调查点的改厕户进行卫生厕所质量和粪便无害化调查。结果　安徽省农村卫生厕所建造质量合格率达 97.7% ,基本无蝇蛆达 94 .0 % ,基本无臭达 94 .2 % ,便纸进行无害化处理率为 84 .0 8% ,便纸篓使用率只有 6 8.6 4 % ,便器清洁只占 70 .4 3% ,无害化合格率为 84 .4 % ,改厕户对卫生厕所满意度为 95 .0 %。结论　安徽省农村建造的卫生厕所质量较高 ,粪便的无害化处理基本得到国家“粪便无害化卫生标准”。     

适宜、安全水氟浓度及总摄氟量的研究

调查了典型饮水型氟中毒流行区４个不同氟暴露水平地区的人群氟中毒和儿童龋齿患病率，并研究了它们与饮水氟浓度及总摄氟量的关系。提出了我国北方农村的适宜、安全饮水氟浓度分别为０．９５ｍｇ／Ｌ和１．２１ｍｇ／Ｌ；７～１５岁儿童适宜、安全总摄氟量为１．９ｍｇ和２．１ｍｇ／（人·日）；成人最大安全总摄氟量为３．４ｍｇ／（人·日）。该项研究还对饮水氟和总摄氟量造成的氟中毒的危险性进行了评价。