宁夏农村村级卫生服务现状分析

目的了解宁夏农村村级卫生服务的基本现状。方法采用普查的方法，自行设计调查表。对宁夏石嘴山市惠农县辖区内26个村卫生室进行卫生服务现状调查。结果平均每村有0．92所卫生室，村卫生室房屋简陋。规模小，平均业务用房为56．55m^2；村卫生室医疗设备简陋，乡村医生文化程度偏低，10年内没有参加过培训；村卫生室办医型式个体占92．3％，医疗质量无人管理，乡村医生资格准入没有严格标准和程序。结论乡村医生的医疗技术水平低；村卫生室卫生服务功能低下，绝大多效为私人诊所。难以满足农民基本就医需求。     

浙江省城市与农村居民心理卫生知识水平调查

目的了解浙江省城市和农村居民心理卫生知识水平,为健康教育提供依据.方法采用分层随机抽样方法,抽取15岁以上样本2636人采用自编的<心理卫生知识问卷>进行居民心理卫生知识水平的调查.结果城乡居民在精神疾病的发病因素、治疗,常见精神疾病的认识等方面存在一定的差异,在症状识别、预后等方面城乡居民比较接近.结论加强城市和农村居民的心理卫生知识及心理卫生健康教育,以提高居民的心理卫生知识的知晓率,促进居民的心理健康.     

Area of residence and alcohol‐related mortality risk: a five‐year follow‐up study

Aims To examine differences in alcohol‐related mortality risk between areas, while adjusting for the characteristics of the individuals living within these areas. Design A 5‐year longitudinal study of individual and area characteristics of those dying and not dying from alcohol‐related deaths. Setting The Northern Ireland Mortality study. Participants A total of 720 627 people aged 25–74, enumerated in the Northern Ireland 2001 Census, not living in communal establishments. Measurements Five hundred and seventy‐eight alcohol‐related deaths. Findings There was an increased risk of alcohol‐related mortality among disadvantaged individuals, and divorced, widowed and separated males. The risk of an alcohol‐related death was significantly higher in deprived areas for both males [hazard ratio (HR) 3.70; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.65, 5.18] and females (HR 2.67 (95% CI 1.72, 4.15); however, once adjustment was made for the characteristics of the individuals living within areas, the excess risk for more deprived areas disappeared. Both males and females in rural areas had a reduced risk of an alcohol‐related death compared to their counterparts in urban areas; these differences remained after adjustment for the composition of the people within these areas. Conclusions Alcohol‐related mortality is higher in more deprived, compared to more affluent areas; however, this appears to be due to characteristics of individuals within deprived areas, rather than to some independent effect of area deprivation per se. Risk of alcohol‐related mortality is lower in rural than urban areas, but the cause is unknown.     

Prevention of Secondary Injuries/Disabilities Among Farm Families Affected by Physical Disabilities

ABSTRACT

It is estimated that 17,000 farm families are affected by a physical disability, and an additional 42,000 have health-related conditions that affect their ability to complete essential farm or independent operations. When an individual experiences a disability, it affects the person psychologically, physically, and financially. In an effort to address these issues, The Easter Seal Society of Iowa, Inc. developed the Farm Family Rehabilitation Management (FaRM) Program. This program was a consumer responsive approach to prevent secondary injuries/disabilities among farm families affected by physical disabilities. The four components of the program included a peer support technology network, an equipment service program, a “Farming Safely with a Disability” video and tip sheet, and onsite services to farm families.     

LeisureIRecreation Needs of Hospitalized Elderly:

Leisure/Recreation interests and needs do not change much as a person grows older, or as a person becomes hospitalized. Certainly opportunities do change as internal and external limitations are imposed. Patients' interests and needs are going to be highly individualized, just as our own are. For this reason, variety and flexibility need to be built into the environment. Nonetheless, the major factor in providing sensitive human care continues to be the personnel providing that care. A management philosophy which nourishes an interdisciplinary model and one which supports quality of life, as well as extension of years, will be essential in any setting.     

Media experiences in community-driven rural areas: exploring children’s media cultures in rural Gujarat,India

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we examine how social structures of gender, caste, and religion, within which children in India operate, inform their engagements with media technologies/narratives. We demonstrate our approach using the case of three villages in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat, India. We examine children’s media cultures using ethnographic methods which occasion long-term immersion and paying attention to children’s narratives. We also argue that children experience and enact their agency while engaging with media from within the limitations or norms imposed by the social structures. This is evident in the simple negotiation strategies they have developed to challenge social structures and norms prevalent in their societies. Based on empirical evidence we conclude that the children’s exposure to and consumption of media narratives under adult management allow the families and communities to reinforce the dominant rationality of patriarchy, caste hierarchy, and religious prejudice.     

Barriers and Pathways to Diffusion of Methamphetamine Use Among African Americans in the Rural South

Abstract

There are no studies of African Americans', methamphetamine use in the South where it is widespread among whites. We describe factors that inhibit or facilitate the diffusion of methamphetamine use among African Americans based on qualitative interviews with 86 drug users in rural Arkansas and Kentucky. Results suggest low prevalence of methamphetamine use among African Americans, and interviewees cited several barriers to its diffusion which were linked to the drug's ingredients, psychoactive and physiological effects, difficulty in accessing distribution networks, and established African-American preference for cocaine. Fourteen African Americans reported methamphetamine use and discussed pathways to it. Possible increases in African-American methamphetamine use merits further investigation.