Inhibin and renin in follicular fluids of patients with one or two ovaries stimulated with a GnRH agonist and gonadotrophins

Follicular fluids from eight patients with one ovary and from ten patients with two ovaries were investigated for bioactive inhibin, total renin, oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) concentrations. Four follicular fluids were pooled per patient before assessment. All women had been stimulated similarly using a protocol including a GnRH agonist, HMG and HCG. Renin levels were significantly lower and P4 significantly higher in pools of follicular fluid from patients with one ovary, whereas inhibin and E2 concentrations were similar in both patient groups. A significant negative correlation was found in the pools of follicular fluid between inhibin and E2 in both groups. These results suggest a role for inhibin and renin in the paracrine and autocrine control of stimulated follicular development.     

Is cholic acid responsible for embryo-toxicity of the post-receptive uterine environment?

HPLC analysis of the embryo-toxic fraction of human uterinefluid, collected between the 22nd and 25th days of the menstrualcycle, revealed the presence of cholic acid at high concentrations.It is suggested that cholic acid could be responsible for theembryo-toxicity of the uterine environment, which follows thereceptive period for implantation.     

聚磷酸钙纤维和左旋聚乳酸软骨支架复合自体骨髓间充质干细胞构建组织工程化人工关节软骨

目的应用组织工程学技术，体外初步构建组织工程化人工关节软骨。方法制备三维多孔软骨支架材料CPP／PLLA，体外诱导兔MSCs向软骨细胞表型分化，免疫组织化学染色检测软骨特异性Ⅱ型胶原表达，将诱导细胞与软骨支架材料CPP／PLLA复合，体外培养构建人工关节软骨，1周后终止培养，扫描电镜观察组织工程化人工软骨的微观结构；同时将构建人工软骨移植于兔大腿皮下，3周后处死动物，甲苯胺蓝染色观察。结果扫描电镜观察可见该复合材料CPP／PLLA为高孔隙率的网状、连通、微孔结构，微孔分布均匀，孔径大小为300～400Ⅳn之间；兔MSCs经体外软骨表型定向诱导后，Ⅱ型胶原免疫组化染色阳性。诱导后的MSCs可在支架材料内良好贴附生长，细胞被分泌的胶原基质包裹；从体内获取的培养物组织切片观察可见大量的软骨细胞生成，甲苯胺蓝染色阳性。结论经软骨起源诱导后的MSCs与CPP／PLLA复合培养可以构建自体软骨移植的替代物，为应用软骨组织工程方法修复关节软骨缺损和功能重建提供一种新材料，具有较大的潜在应用价值。     

Five‐Year Follow‐up After Sacral Neuromodulation: Single Center Experience

Objective. We studied long‐term clinical efficacy of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy in patients with refractory urgency incontinence (UI), urgency/frequency (UF) and voiding difficulty (VD), together with urodynamic data at baseline and six   months postimplant. Materials and Methods. Twenty‐two patients were implanted with a neurostimulator after a positive response to a percutaneous nerve evaluation test defined as a greater than 50% improvement in symptoms. Results. At five‐year follow‐up, the number of incontinent episodes and pad usage per day decreased significantly in 10 out of 15 UI patients. Two of five UF patients were successfully treated with SNM; the number of daily voids for all UF patients decreased from 25 to 19 and average voided volume increased from 98 to 212 mL. One of the two VD patients was able to void to completion. Mean first sensation of filling at the six‐month urodynamic investigation for the UI and UF patients increased from 78 to 241 mL and 141 to 232 mL, respectively, and the maximum bladder capacity increased from 292 to 352 mL and 223 to 318 mL, respectively. Five of 22 patients underwent device explant and one patient still has an inactive stimulator implanted. Conclusion. SNM is an effective treatment modality that offers sustained clinical benefit in the majority of patients with refractory UI, UF, and VD that do not respond to other, more conservative therapies.     

Th1/Th2炎症极化与肺气肿和肺纤维化

肺气肿具有Ⅰ型T辅助细胞（Th1）炎症极化的特征，表现为损伤过度和修复不足，肺实质的破坏增加，肺间质变薄。与之相反，肺纤维则具有Ⅱ型T辅助细胞（Th2）炎症极化，表现为损伤后修复过度，肺间质增厚，胶原沉积。通过调控Th1和Th2的炎症趋势来控制肺组织的损伤和修复的结局可能会为肺气肿和肺纤维化的防治提供新思路。     

Choice of general practice for postgraduate training among medical graduates and undergraduates in Nigeria

A questionnaire survey of career choices was carried out among 112 medical graduates, after one year's internship (group I), during their National Youth Corps programme in Kaduna, Lagos, Cross River and Oyo states of Nigeria, and 365 final-year medical undergraduates (group 2) in the colleges of medicine in the corresponding states. A total of 13% in group I and 40% in group 2 were undecided as regards their first choice. Obstetrics and gynaecology was the most popular first choice in both groups. General practice ranked fifth among group I, but displaced surgery to rank second among group 2. The differences were statistically significant. A total of 41% of group I and 46% of group 2 preferred to work in a teaching hospital, reflecting the high preference for surgical specialties. Twenty-six per cent and 33.7% of respondents in groups 1 and 2 respectively wished to own their own practice or work in the private sector. General practice is a new specialty and its growth is supported by a national postgraduate training programme. A shift towards general practice is seen compared with previous studies of career preference among Nigerian medical graduates and students. This may be due to a changing balance of supply and demand in the medical work-force, or a better assessment of the nation's health problems and manpower needs.     

曼氏血吸虫与日本血吸虫交叉免疫原性的血清学实验研究

以曼氏血吸虫的虫卵和成虫免疫家兔后所产生的特异性抗体,可用以日本血吸虫虫卵、尾蚴和成虫为抗原分别进行的COP,CHR和ELACIEP测出,表明两种人体血吸虫存有显著的交叉抗原成分。应用此种血清交叉反应性,以检测抗异种人体血吸虫的抗体,似有效而可取的,可用以辅助诊断援外回国人员是否感染国外人体血吸虫病。     

利福喷汀治疗耐利福平肺结核的疗效分析

目的分析增加利福喷汀的用药剂量对利福平耐药肺结核的疗效，以评价利福喷汀在治疗利福平耐药患者中的作用。方法根据药敏结果选取耐利福平肺结核患者101例，分为治疗1组（利福平低耐），治疗2组（利福平高耐），两组治疗方案中均含利福喷汀，对照组（利福平高耐）治疗方案中不合利福喷汀。观察治疗后3、18个月疗效。结果治疗1组在各阶段的痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收和空洞闭和情况明显优于治疗2组和对照组，两组差异有统计学意义；治疗2组的痰菌阴转率、病灶吸收和空洞闭和情况略优于对照组，两者差异无统计学意义。结论对利福平耐药的患者尤其在利福平低度耐药病例中，可以选择增加利福喷汀用药剂量的方案进行治疗，在利福平高度耐药病例中利福喷汀的作用不能确定。     

7 小儿胆石症的诊断与治疗

目的探讨小儿胆石症的病因、诊断及治疗方法。方法分析22例小儿胆石症的临床资料,20例行手术治疗,2例行非手术治疗。14例行胆囊切除术(其中8例行腹腔镜胆囊切除术),3例行胆总管切开取石、T管引流术,2例行胆囊切除、胆总管探查、T管引流术,1例行胆总管囊肿切除、肝总管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果18例经手术治疗后症状消失,术后1例出现胆瘘,经引流后痊愈,1例右肝管内结石残留。18例(81.8%)得到随访,4例失访。随访5个月至7年,患儿生长发育正常,3例偶有腹痛、腹胀,1例行二次胆总管切开取石术,术后恢复顺利。行非手术治疗的2例病人经保守治疗后近期症状缓解,其中1例症状反复发作。结论对有腹痛者首选B超检查,对有胆总管扩张或黄疸的患儿结合CT检查可提高正确诊断率;症状明显的胆石症应早期手术治疗;腹腔镜可作为胆囊切除的首选治疗方法。     

Options for Immunologic Support of Renal Transplantation Through the HLA and Immunology Laboratories

HLA and immunology laboratories are an integral part of clinical kidney transplant programs. They assist transplant clinicians with evaluating the immunological suitability of potential recipients for transplantation and selecting donor-recipient combinations with a low risk of immunological failure. With sophisticated new techniques becoming available for posttransplant immunological monitoring, laboratories play an increasing supporting role during posttransplant follow up. The level of precision at which immunological testing predicts clinical outcome, however, leaves room for improvement. In this article, we summarize the current state of diagnostics, discuss problems, and point out promising developments.