166例药品不良反应报告分析

[目的]分析药品不良反应的发生规律．探讨临床合理用药。[方法]对我院2007年收集到的166例ADR报告进行分类统计。[结果]统计的ADR中．发现抗感染药的不良反应较多,注射用中成药在抗感染药后,也占较大比例。[结论]医药人员在做好ADR监测工作的同时．要分析药品不良反应的构成比,探讨药物的合理使用。     

安乐死的法理分析及其相关建议

安乐死涉及医学?法律?哲学等多种领域,对于安乐死问题学界一直存在争议?文章结合法理分析了“安乐死”的概念及其相关问题,从法的价值?生命权?违法性阻却事由和罪刑法定原则的角度来说明安乐死的合法性,证明实施安乐死的合理性,并提出了对这一问题的建议和设想,为我国尽早出台相关法律法规做应有的努力?     

孕晚期母亲脂质代谢紊乱对早产儿视网膜病变的影响

目的:探究孕晚期脂质代谢紊乱对早产儿视网膜病变的影响。方法:选取苏州大学附属儿童医院2017-01/2018-12期间收治的早产儿视网膜病变患儿母亲48例为观察组,同时选取同期住院的早产非视网膜病变患儿母亲48例作为对照组,比较两组研究对象孕晚期的血脂水平和脂联素水平,同时采用Pearson分析脂联素与血脂之间的相关性,Logistic回归分析早产儿视网膜病变发生的危险因素。结果:观察组研究对象孕晚期血清总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白B高于对照组产妇,而高密度脂蛋白、脂联素、载脂蛋白A1的水平低于对照组产妇。此外,Pearson分析脂联素与血脂水平存在相关性,而Logistic回归分析显示总胆固醇、甘油三脂、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白B升高,高密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A1的水平降低为早产儿视网膜病变的危险因素。结论:孕晚期脂质代谢紊乱是早产儿视网膜病变的影响因素,可能与脂联素相关,在临床工作中应注重加强对产妇营养的指导工作,减少早产儿视网膜病变的发生。     

Designing reasonable accommodation of the workplace: a new methodology based on risk assessment

If working tasks are carried out in inadequate conditions, workers with functional limitations may, over time, risk developing further disabilities. While several validated risk assessment methods exist for able-bodied workers, few studies have been carried out for workers with disabilities. This article, which reports the findings of a Study funded by the Italian Ministry of Labour, proposes a general methodology for the technical and organisational re-design of a worksite, based on risk assessment and irrespective of any worker disability. To this end, a sample of 16 disabled workers, composed of people with either mild or severe motor disabilities, was recruited. Their jobs include business administration (5), computer programmer (1), housewife (1), mechanical worker (2), textile worker (1), bus driver (1), nurse (2), electrical worker (1), teacher (1), warehouseman (1). By using a mix of risk assessment methods and the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) taxonomy, their worksites were re-designed in view of a reasonable accommodation, and prospective evaluation was carried out to check whether the new design would eliminate the risks. In one case – a man with congenital malformations who works as a help-desk operator for technical assistance in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) department of a big organisation – the accommodation was actually carried out within the time span of the study, thus making it possible to confirm the hypotheses raised in the prospective assessment.     

长三角地区城市规模分布与上海的合理规模

根据测算,长三角地区的城市规模分布属于典型的首位分布,进入新世纪以来其城市人口首位集中度不断下降,但首位城市的城市人口绝对规模仍然占到整个长三角地区的30%左右。那么,首位城市上海的合理人口规模究竟多大合适？各界为此争论不休。实际上,上海合理的人口规模主要取决于其中心城市职能的多寡和力度大小,即取决于市场经济条件下上海及其腹地乃至全国经济发展的需要。根据其功能定位,到2030年上海需要发展到2220万人（指常住人口）,从资源供给来看上海能够承载得起这一人口规模。     

急性肠炎治疗中阿奇霉素合理应用的临床意义

[目的]探讨急性肠炎治疗中阿奇霉素合理应用,在疗效、费用、不良反应方面的临床意义。[方法]选取我院进行治疗的急性肠炎患者122例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各61例。观察组在对症基础性治疗上根据患者病情轻重以及阿奇霉素的药理毒理作用给予口服或者静脉滴注阿奇霉素,对照组在对症基础性治疗上予以常规静脉滴注阿奇霉素治疗。[结果]观察组总有效率为96.7%,对照组总有效率为83.6%;抗菌药物所占医疗费用的比例,观察组为5.32%,对照组为14.88%;总平均费用,观察组为（253.25±56.74）元,对照组为（328.73±68.23）元;不良反应发生率,观察组为4.92%,对照组为19.67%。两组以上指标比较,观察组明显优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。[结论]合理应用阿奇霉素对治疗急性肠炎效果好、费用低、不良反应少。     

统筹安排在急诊开颅术前准备中的意义（附156例报告）

脑外科需急诊手术患者往往病情危重,抢救是和时间在赛跑,快速有序的术前准备,能缩短患者术前准备的时间,对抢救患者的生命和预后十分重要。一个良好的抢救模式分秒必争,一定会提高救治水平。现对我科2012-01-2012-07需急诊开颅的156名患者术前准备均采取统筹安排的办法进行回顾性分析。结果大大缩短了术前准备的时间,效果明显。现报告如下。     

高血压病患者应该合理选用降压药物

高血压病是当今危害人类健康的常见病 ,由高血压病引起的心脑血管意外死亡率高居我国疾病之首。因此 ,按高血压病患者病情的不同阶段分型及对有并发症的患者病情的不同阶段分型及对有并发症的患者强调了因人而宜、因病而宜、合理选用不同类型的降压药物或联合用药 ,以达到最佳的临床疗效     

Reasonable risks in clinical research: a critique and a proposal for the Integrative Approach

Before participants can be enrolled in a clinical trial, an institutional review board (IRB) must determine that the risks that the research poses to participants are 'reasonable.' This paper examines the two dominant frameworks for assessing research risks and argues that each approach suffers from significant shortcomings. It then considers what issues must be addressed in order to construct a framework for risk assessment that (a) is grounded in a compelling normative foundation and (b) might provide more operationally precise guidance to the deliberations of various stakeholders. The paper concludes by sketching the outlines of what is referred to as the 'Integrative Approach' to risk assessment and by highlighting some of the ways in which this approach may be more promising than current alternatives.     

我院门急诊处方抗菌药物应用调查与分析

目的了解医院门急诊处方抗菌药物应用现状,促进临床合理用药。方法随机抽取2009年8月20日的2955张门急诊处方进行分析。结果 2955张处方中使用抗菌药物的处方有1152张,占处方总数的38.98%;存在头孢菌素类抗菌药物使用比例较大,药物联用偏多,给药途径、用法用量不尽合理等问题。结论应重视抗菌药物的合理应用,制订相应制度,加强管理,保证患者的用药安全。