基于Java环境面向对象软件质量度量的一些研究

讨论了适用于面向对象软件质量的度量方法,提出了在Ｊａｖａ软件质量度量中应注意的问题。     

止喘雾化液的制备及其质量标准研究

目的：为了优化止喘雾化液的制备工艺,同时建立质量控制标准。方法：采用正交试验法,优选药材浸提分离工艺、增溶剂用量及最适宜ｐＨ值,同时采用ＴＬＣ、ＴＬＣＳ法建立定性定量方法。结果：该雾化液的最佳浸提工艺为药材加１０倍量水浸泡１ｈ,煎煮３次,每次１．５ｈ,配液时加５％吐温－８０,调ｐＨ至６．０～８．０;黄芩甙的含量不低于２０ｍｇ／ｍｌ。结论：止喘雾化液工艺稳定,质量可控     

皮层下动脉硬化性脑病的智能障碍分析

目的：探讨皮质下动脉硬化性脑病对智能活动的影响。方法：采用韦氏成人智力量表对３４例皮质下动脉硬化性脑病患者和４３例正常人进行比较分析。结果：病人各组分测验成绩明显低于对照组,且随ＣＴ显示白质损害程度的加重逐渐减少。智商比较病人各组与对照组差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５～０．０１）。当合并脑萎缩时智能损害更为严重,而多发腔隙性脑梗塞对智能影响不大。结论：皮质下动脉硬化性脑病的智能障碍的病理生理基础为侧脑室周围及半卵园中心等白质损害,其损害范围和程度与智能障碍的程度呈正相关,脑萎缩的出现在其智能障碍发展过程中起一定作用。     

人骨巨细胞瘤化疗药物体外实验作用的分析

用体外培养的骨巨细胞瘤细胞系为研究对象,采用四氮唑蓝（ＭＴＴ）分析法着重观察了６种骨肿瘤的常用化疗药物：氨甲喋啶（ＭＴＸ）、阿霉素（ＡＤＲ）、顺铂（ＣＤＤＰ）、长春新碱（ＶＣＲ）、盐酸氮芥（ＮＭ）、丝裂霉素（ＭＭＣ）对骨巨细胞瘤的体外药物作用模式。结果发现ＭＴＸ呈坪型;ＡＤＲ呈双相指数型;ＣＤＤＰ呈阈值指数型;ＶＣＲ呈简单指数型;ＮＭ呈阈值指数型;ＭＭＣ呈简单指数型。除ＭＴＸ对其无作用外,其余都对其有一定的细胞毒作用。因而认为临床上对浸润型骨巨细胞瘤可开展化学治疗     

化疗在晚期肺腺癌治疗中的作用

目的：探索晚期肺腺癌患者化疗疗效和对化疗的耐受性,化疗后生活质量变化和生存期。材料与方法：回顾分析1992－11~1995-04,经病理确诊为肺腺癌。按UICC分期为Ⅲb、Ⅳ期,Kamofsky评分≥60,连续完成2程以上的以铂类药物为主的联合化疗方案治疗患者。结果：化疗有效率3．1％,化疗后Kamofskv评分不变者43．8％,升高40．6％。下降≥10分15．6％,Ⅲb期中位生存期13月,Ⅳ期10月。结论：全身状况较好无化疗禁忌证的晚期肺腺癌患者,给予适当的联合化疗可使部分患者病情改善,生活质量提高。     

食道心房调搏心负荷试验诊断冠心病的价值

目的探讨食道心房调搏心负荷试验（ＴＥＡＰ）诊断冠心病的价值,并与活动平板运动试验（ＴＭＥＴ）进行对比,同时对冠状动脉病变程度进行评估。方法自１９９３年５月～１９９７年１０月,８０例拟诊冠心病的住院病人同期行ＴＥＡＰ、ＴＭＥＴ及ＣＡＧ检查;以ＣＡＧ为诊断标准,确诊为ＣＨＤ者６０例,另２０例为ＣＡＧ正常者。ＣＡＧ均为右股动脉Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ法穿刺,ＪｕｄｋｉｎＳ法进行。ＴＥＡＰ、ＴＭＥＴ以心率达到次极限水平,二阶梯运动试验方法记录ＥＣＧ。结果ＴＥＡＰ诊断ＣＨＤ的敏感性、特异性为８１．６７％、９０％,并且与ＣＨＤ患者冠状动脉病变支数呈正相关。其与ＴＭＥＴ的敏感性、特异性相比更可靠（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论食道心房调搏心负荷试验可以作为一种无创伤性、有效、简便的诊断ＣＨＤ的方法。并可对冠状动脉病变程度进行初略评估。     

α-细辛脑对气管纤毛运动的影响

目的：研究α－细辛脑对气管纤毛运动的影响,探讨其祛痰作用机理。方法：采用鸽子在体气管和家兔离体气管试验：设空白、阳性对照组及α－细辛脑高、中、低剂理组,以墨汁走距和运行速度作为气管纤毛运动指标,各试验组与空白对照组进行ｔ检验。比较其组间差异。结果：给浅度麻醉的鸽子静脉注射α－细辛脑３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、８ｍｇ／ｋｇ,墨汁走距分别为（１．１７±０．１２）ｃｍ,（１．１５±０．１７）ｃｍ和（     

Patient,Provider, and Treatment Factors Associated with Poor-Quality Care for Schizophrenia

Interventions are needed to improve the quality of care for schizophrenia. However, in designing these interventions it would be helpful to understand better which patients are at highest risk for poor-quality care and why care for this disorder is often of poor quality. We study the extent to which patient and treatment factors are associated with poor-quality care in 224 patients randomly sampled from two mental health clinics. Quality of medication management is evaluated using an established method based on national treatment recommendations. Multivariate regression is used to study the effect of patient and treatment factors on treatment quality, controlling for provider. Risk for poor-quality care was greater for patients who were more severely ill, older, and less compliant with treatment recommendations. There were trends toward poor management of symptoms in men and substance abusers, and poor management of side effects in Black patients. Provision of poor-quality care was associated with failure to document symptoms and side effects in the medical record. Interventions to improve care for schizophrenia should attend to the need for accurate clinical assessment and strategies for managing challenging clinical situations.     

View box luminance measurements and their effect on reader performance

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the importance of view box luminance and viewing conditions on low-contrast detection by readers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiographs of a mammographic contrast-detail phantom were examined on 632 view box panels. The luminance of these panels was obtained by using a calibrated meter and ranged from 860 to 3,300 nit. Twelve radiologists reported the number of contrast-detail disks for each size (diameter, 0.3-7.0 mm) deemed to be visible on films with optical densities of 1.00-2.60. Radiologist performance in reading low-contrast phantom images was also studied as a function of room illuminance and image masking. RESULTS: Median luminance was 1,700 nit, with 25- and 75-percentile values of 1,450 and 2,150 nit, respectively. Low-contrast visibility generally was independent of view box luminance, regardless of film density or disk diameter. Low-contrast visibility deteriorated when masking around the image was removed and at normal room illuminance. The greatest deterioration in performance occurred at the highest film densities and with the smallest size disks. CONCLUSION: Detection of low-contrast features on radiographs is relatively independent of view box luminance, but it is degraded by the presence of stray light and by increased room illuminance.     

A sequential chart for the audit-based evaluation of screening mammogram interpretation

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Auditing has received much attention recently as a method for radiologists to use to evaluate their interpretation of screening mammograms. U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulations require that some sort of audit be in place before a mammography screening facility can receive accreditation. Auditing presents a unique opportunity to monitor accuracy continually and identify problems early. Audit data present unique challenges, however, and appropriate methods must be used to control the risk of errors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This article introduces a simple method for the task of deciding if a radiologist yields an acceptable positive predictive value based on audit. The method is based on "sequential" decision-making techniques that have found wide application in quality control problems. These techniques are developed for diagnostic radiology and embodied in an easy-to-use decision-making chart. RESULTS: Several examples, based on audit data from actual mammography facilities, provide insights into the use of these charts and the influence of (a) the selection of standards, (b) the selection of error risks, and (c) radiologist variability. The examples also serve to demonstrate another important property of this method--that is, it specifies the minimum amount of data that has to be collected before any decision can reliably be made. CONCLUSION: The chart presented in this article provides a method by which audit data can be used objectively to evaluate the accuracy of screening mammogram interpretation. The method controls the risk of either falsely accepting an unqualified radiologist or falsely rejecting a qualified radiologist. It should be a useful tool to radiologists who must evaluate their own practices.