改良的星状神经节阻滞实验动物模型研究

目的：探讨颈5和颈7椎体水平穿刺入路的星状神经节阻滞效果是否相同。方法：12只雄性中国本兔,随机分为颈5（mSGB组）和颈7椎体阻滞水平组（SGB组）．分别注射0．25％布比卡因2ml后观察5．10．15,20．30．45．60分钟眼睑下垂情况。后注射0．5％亚甲蓝2ml．并处死．尸检观察记录颈交感链着色范围。结果：mSGB组及SGB组星状神经节阻滞后眼睑下垂程度无明显统计学差异．颈交感神经着色范围相同。结论：颈5和颈7水平穿刺入路星状神经节阻滞效果相同。     

能这样治疗狭窄性腱鞘炎吗?

目的 探讨目前文献介绍的小针刀治疗狭窄性腱鞘炎的操作方法是否正确.方法 查阅近年来有关小针刀治疗扳机指文献报道中的具体操作过程,是否符合屈指肌腱和腱鞘的解剖及扳机指的病理特点.结果 介绍小针刀治疗扳机指的操作方法多数有误,也不符合扳机指的病理特征和临床解剖学规律.结论 目前文献所介绍的小针刀治疗扳机指的操作方法有造成潜在性伤害的可能.     

Feasibility and efficacy of placement of continuous sciatic perineural catheters solely under ultrasound guidance in children: a descriptive study

Background: Placement of sciatic catheters with ultrasound and stimulating catheters is known. Literature regarding catheter placements with only ultrasound is limited. We aimed to investigate the feasibility of performing continuous sciatic nerve block exclusively with ultrasound guidance and minimal equipment. Method: Forty ASA 1 and 2 patients aged 8 months–10 years posted for congenital talipoequinovarus surgery were included in the study. Continuous sciatic catheters were placed under ultrasound guidance with 18‐ gauge Tuohy needle at the infragluteal fold. Then, 0.25% of bupivacaine 0.5 ml·kg^?1 bolus was injected followed by continuous infusion later. Half the volume of the drug was injected prior to catheter insertion to improve visibility. The sciatic nerve, needle tip and shaft, catheter tip and the drug spread were visualized. The efficacy of the block intraoperatively and postoperatively was evaluated. Results: The sciatic nerve, needle shaft, and tip were well visualized in all 40 patients. The catheter tip was seen in 72.5% of patients. The effect of block was complete intraoperatively and postoperatively. Clinically significant complications were absent. Conclusion: We conclude that in children, continuous sciatic catheters can be accurately and efficaciously placed with minimal equipment with ultrasound alone.     

斜向透视引导后外侧胸椎椎体穿刺的解剖学研究

目的探讨以椎弓根内壁为参照，斜向透视定位引导后外侧胸椎椎体穿刺的安全范围及操作方法。方法将5具干燥胸椎椎骨标本（T1-T12）椎弓根腰部以铅丝捆扎，从前后位0°开始不断加大管球的倾斜角度进行X线透视。拆除铅丝后再按上述角度进行透视。观察椎弓根内壁能否作为胸椎管内壁的边缘标志，测量椎弓根内壁投影出现周围骨结构投影干扰时的透视管球倾斜角（α角）。取1具新鲜躯干标本，按照α角斜向透视定位，引导后外侧入路胸椎体穿刺操作。结果随透视倾斜角度增大，椎弓根内壁仍有清晰的投影，胸椎横突投影内移，逐渐与椎弓根投影重叠。从T1-T12，α角分别为57°±5．2°、47°±4．5°、40°±2．7°、37°±2．7°、36°±2．2°,35°±3．3°、34°±3．5°、33°±3．8°、32°±3．8°、30°±4．6°、22°±4．8°、17°±5.4°，其中T4-T10 α角角度跨度较小。透视角度超过α角时横突投影开始超过椎弓根内壁投影，形成影像干扰，此时椎弓根内壁投影失去安全参考意义。穿刺过程中，将透视管球倾斜在一定的角度范围内（〈α角），以椎弓根内壁投影作为参照，穿刺进针点向外避开椎弓根内壁投影，内聚方向平行于透视管球的倾斜角度，侧位透视确定穿刺针尾倾角度，沿此方向可将穿刺针准确地穿刺至胸椎体中央略偏前部位。结论以α角为透视管球倾斜角度的安全范围，以椎弓根内壁投影为参照，斜向透视引导后外侧胸椎椎体穿刺是一种可行的单侧胸椎椎体穿刺方法。     

Endoscopic transmural entry into pancreatic fluid collections using a dedicated aspiration needle without endoscopic ultrasound guidance: success and complication rates

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic drainage of pancreatic fluid collections (PFC) is performed with increasing frequency. A variety of techniques for performing transmural entry have been described. However, data are lacking on the technical success and safety of transmural entry using a single technique. The authors describe the largest experience in transmural entry of PFCs without endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance using a dedicated aspiration needle. METHODS: All patients who underwent endoscopic transmural drainage of PFC from October 1998 to May 2006 were identified from the endoscopy database. Data were abstracted from the endoscopic procedure report and the patient records then placed in a JMP drive. All drainages were performed without EUS guidance after visualization of an obvious intraluminal bulge using a dedicated large-bore aspiration needle. The transmural tract into the PFC was dilated using a balloon with a diameter of 6 to 20 mm followed by subsequent placement of one or two 10-Fr double pigtail stents with or without nasocystic irrigation tubes. Successful entry was defined as entry allowing for the placement of stents. RESULTS: No significant difference in the complication rates was observed when they were analyzed for the following variables: age, gender, balloon diameter, presence of endoscopic impression, drainage approach, and size and type of fluid collection. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic fluid collections can be performed safely and effectively via the Seldinger technique without endoscopic ultrasound guidance. The study data will allow sample size calculations to be made if direct comparisons with this technique and others are undertaken.     

Detailed Analysis of Puncture Site Vascular Complications in Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) and JR-NET2

A subgroup analysis of access site complications in the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) and JR-NET2, which were retrospective registry studies, was performed. Puncture site vascular complications occurred in 195 (0.63%, mean age: 69.2) of all 31,836 patients. Most of these complications resulted from surgery in main hospitals (186 patients, 0.67%, P < 0.001) and scheduled surgery (167 patients, 0.73%, P < 0.001). Carotid artery stenting (81 patients, 1.04%, p < 0.001), extracranial percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (15 patients, 1.02%, p < 0.001), and intracranial PTA (10 patients, 0.81%, p < 0.05) were associated with significantly higher incidence of complications. The incidence of puncture site vascular complications was correlated with the number of antiplatelet drugs (p < 0.001) and intraoperative heparinization (p < 0.05).     

微创小针刀内括约肌切断术治疗肛裂358例

为观察采用微创小针刀内括约肌切断术治疗陈旧性肛裂的效果,对358例陈旧性肛裂患者采用眼科虹膜小针刀内括约肌切断术治疗。结果显示,358例患者均一次性治愈,疗程5～8d,无术后并发症及后遗症;随访1年,均无复发。结果表明,小针刀微创术与其他内括约肌切断术相比,具有操作简便、治疗彻底、创伤小、疗程短,无术后并发症及后遗症等优点。     

Testicular fine needle aspiration for sperm retrieval in non-obstructive azoospermia

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of obtaining mature spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) by testicular fine needle aspiration (TEFNA) in men diagnosed non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods: TEFNA was performed in 121 patients with a mean of 15 punctures and aspirations from each testis with a #23 butterfly needle connected to a 20 mL syringe with an aspiration handle. Results: One hundred and twenty-one patients underwent 176 TEFNA cycles. Testicular sperm were recovered in 56.3 % (99/176) cycles from 57 % (69/121) of patients. The sperm recovery rate was 46.7 % (21/45) in patients with Sertoli cell-only syndrome, 45.7 % (16/35) in patients with maturation arrest, 96.1 % (25/26) in patients with hypospermatogenesis and 63.6 % (7/11) in patients of non-mosaic Klinefelter's syndrome as judged by testicular histology. No sperm were found in 3 cases with post-irradiation fibrosis and one, after resection and chemotherapy of unilateral testicular cancer. In 87 cycles of ICSI using     

利用自制电动旋切式经皮腰椎间盘摘除器治疗腰椎间盘突出症

181例腰椎间盘突出症均经 CT 或 MRI 证实,并测量得穿刺点距棘突旁开距离(BC),进针角度(a)。手术器械采用自制电动旋切式椎间盘摘除器。手术方式取侧卧位局麻下侧后方穿刺法。所有手术均获成功,其中74个 LS_1椎间盘穿刺均用直套管针未在髂骨翼钻孔而全获成功.116例(65.9%)获显效,32例有效(17.7%),33例无效(18.2%)。我们认为:①经皮腰椎间盘摘除术的适应证范围可放宽;②本文提出实用的穿刺参数测量精确定位法。③实际操作时进针角度(a)应宁小勿大;④多个腰椎间盘突出可在同一次手术中进行治疗:⑤并发症重在预防。