青春期前特发性矮身材儿童的生长激素应用剂量研究

目的 研究重组人生长激素(rhGH)的不同应用剂量对青春期前特发性矮身材(ISS)儿童的临床治疗疗效。方法 选取2014年3月-2016年6月于郑州市妇幼保健院接受治疗的68例ISS患儿为研究对象,在经郑州市妇幼保健院伦理委员会通过的情况下,将其按照随机数表分成两组,其中34例采用皮下注射rhGH 0.25 mg/(kg·每周)为低剂量组,34例采用皮下注射rhGH 0.40 mg/(kg·每周)为高剂量组,治疗疗程均为14个月,对比两组患儿治疗后生长速度(GV)、身高标准差积分(HtSDS)、骨龄以及不良反应的发生率。结果 研究发现,两组患儿在治疗前后的身高(cm)(107.4±6.85 vs. 126.7±7.15)、GV(7.45±1.09 vs. 11.68±1.37)以及HtSDS(-0.96±0.43 vs. -0.64±0.52)等存在明显差异,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患儿的骨龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患儿出现注射部位红肿、疼痛的例数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均可自行消退。结论 rhGH对治疗ISS有显著效果,高剂量rhGH的治疗效果优于低剂量rhGH。     

夏永良应用“玄府郁闭”理论治疗青春期后痤疮的经验浅析

[目的] 基于“玄府郁闭”理论,探讨夏永良老师治疗湿热郁闭型青春期后痤疮的临床经验。[方法] 通过查阅《黄帝内经》《素问玄机原病式》及后世医药典籍,分析“玄府郁闭”的理论依据,收集整理夏师门诊诊治的湿热郁闭型青春期后痤疮病例,并总结相关治疗经验及用药特色,最后分析典型案例进一步论述夏师临证经验。[结果] 夏师认为,湿热郁火之邪可致玄府闭塞、气津不通而发生痤疮,治疗中应以麻黄连轺赤小豆汤为基础,清里之湿热,开表之玄府,畅其气津,祛其郁阻,则痤疮可消。所举验案,夏师辨为湿热内蕴、经络瘀滞之证,治拟清热利湿、宣郁通络之法,方以麻黄连轺赤小豆汤合升降散、葛根芩连汤加减,辄收佳效。[结论] 夏师治疗湿热郁闭型青春期后痤疮以开通玄府为基础,标本兼顾,并注重食饮有节,起居有常,其临床经验值得学习和借鉴。     

Endocrine Dysfunction in Children with Zika-Related Microcephaly Who Were Born during the 2015 Epidemic in the State of Pernambuco,Brazil

Congenital viral infections and the occurrence of septo-optic dysplasia, which is a combination of optic nerve hypoplasia, abnormal formation of structures along the midline of the brain, and pituitary hypofunction, support the biological plausibility of endocrine dysfunction in Zika-related microcephaly. In this case series we ascertained the presence and describe endocrine dysfunction in 30 children with severe Zika-related microcephaly from the MERG Pediatric Cohort, referred for endocrinological evaluation between February and August 2019. Of the 30 children, 97% had severe microcephaly. The average age at the endocrinological consultation was 41 months and 53% were female. The most frequently observed endocrine dysfunctions comprised short stature, hypothyroidism, obesity and variants early puberty. These dysfunctions occurred alone 57% or in combination 43%. We found optic nerve hypoplasia (6/21) and corpus callosum hypoplasia (20/21). Seizure crises were reported in 86% of the children. The most common—and clinically important—endocrine dysfunctions were pubertal dysfunctions, thyroid disease, growth impairment, and obesity. These dysfunctions require careful monitoring and signal the need for endocrinological evaluation in children with Zika-related microcephaly, in order to make early diagnoses and implement appropriate treatment when necessary.     

GnRHa联合重组人生长激素治疗特发性中枢性性早熟女童的临床效果

目的：探讨促性腺激素释放激素类似物(GnRHa)联合重组人生长激素(rhGH)治疗对特发性中枢性性早熟(ICPP)女童身高、骨龄发展的影响。方法将来本院就诊的60例ICPP女童作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将患者分为单用组、联合组,每组各30例。单用组只给予GnRHa进行治疗,联合组在此基础上给予rhGH进行治疗,对比两组患儿的身高、骨龄变化情况。结果单用组、联合组治疗后预测成年身高的增加值分别为(3.93±1.01)、(7.77±1.95)cm,差异有统计学意义(t=5.3643,P=0.0008);单用组、联合组患儿治疗后的HtSDSBA分别与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(t=6.1397,P=0.0007;t=9.7936,P=0.0003),联合组治疗后的HtSDSBA的差异值比单用组更明显(t=5.8396,P=0.0007);联合组患儿的生长速度明显快于单用组(t=9.9873,P=0.0002);两组患儿均未发现明显的不良反应。结论 GnRHa联合rhGH能明显改善ICPP女童的成年预测身高和HtSDSBA,对骨龄发展无明显影响,近期用药较安全。     

Elevated Pre-injection Basal Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations are Common in Girls Treated for Central Precocious Puberty

Objective:A consensus on how to monitor girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment is lacking. Increased, unstimulated basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations have been suggested to indicate lack of suppression. The aim was to evaluate pre-injection basal LH concentrations during GnRHa (leuprorelin 3.75 mg) treatment every four weeks in girls with CPP.Methods:Medical records were reviewed for girls with CPP treated at a single center from 2014-2019. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings during treatment were systematically recorded.Results:A total of 587 GnRHa pre-injection basal LH concentrations were analyzed in 74 girls. Basal LH was pubertal (≥0.3 IU/L) in 53.5% of blood samples and 87.8% of all girls had a pubertal basal LH concentration at least once. A GnRH test (n=29) was repeated in 23 girls due to suspicion of clinical progression, elevated basal LH or recordable estradiol concentrations. None had a stimulated LH >3.1 IU/L. The predictability of treatment suppression (specificity) of basal LH concentrations was 12.0% when compared to repeated GnRH stimulation tests. Despite shortening the GnRHa injection interval to three weeks, basal LH concentrations remained pubertal in 85.7% girls. A significant reduction in height standard deviation score (p<0.001) and bone age advance (p<0.001) was observed during treatment.Conclusion:Pre-injection basal LH remains at pubertal concentrations during treatment with leuprorelin 3.75 mg in girls with CPP. Clinical monitoring of pubertal progression is preferable to routine basal LH concentrations. Repeat GnRH stimulation testing should be regarded as the gold standard.     

曲普瑞林治疗特发性中枢性性早熟女孩疗效观察

目的　观察促性腺素释放激素类似物 (GnRHa)曲普瑞林 (达菲林 )治疗女孩特发性中枢性性早熟 (ICPP)的作用。方法　在多个中心 (6所医院 )采用曲普瑞林治疗 2 8例ICPP女童 6个月 (4例 )和12个月 (2 4例 ) ,观察乳房及其他第二性征和生长速率变化 ,观察治疗前后B超子宫、卵巢、X线片骨龄(BA)、血清E2 、LHRH激发试验 ,部分病人随访GH激发试验及血清IGF Ⅰ变化。用国际统一标准Greulich Pyle图谱方法评估骨龄 ,Bayley Pinneau方法预测成人终身高。结果　经治疗乳房、子宫、卵巢容积均缩小 ,LHRH激发试验显示LH、FSH峰值显著降低 ,骨龄成熟延缓 ,BA/CA(生活年龄 )比值随疗程而下降。治疗 6个月、12个月按BA的身高标准差分值 (HtSDSBA)从治疗前 -1.46± 0 .16分别增加至 -1.3 0± 0 .15和 -1.0 2± 0 .17(P <0 .0 0 1)。按CA的身高标准差分值 (HtSDSCA)亦随疗程下降 ,治疗前、治疗后6个月、12个月分别为 1.0 5± 0 .2 0、0 .99± 0 .18和 0 .95± 0 .2 0 (P <0 .0 0 1)。预测成人终身高 ,治疗前为(153 .8± 1.1)cm ,治疗后 6个月、12个月各为 (155.0± 1.1)cm和 (157.0± 1.2 )cm。结论　曲普瑞林治疗ICPP可有效抑制性腺轴及性征发育 ,延缓BA成熟和改善预测成人终身高     

广州市初中女生月经状况及保健知识调查分析

目的了解广州市初中女生的月经及保健知识状况,为更好地开展社区青春期保健工作提供依据。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取华附新世纪学校784名在校女生进行了青春期月经状况及保健知识的调查分析。结果在784名女生中,已有月经来潮746人（95．15％）,初潮年龄9～14岁,主要为11～12岁。经期不适中痛经发生率最高（61．53％）,其次为烦躁易怒、腰酸、乏力等。高年级月经来潮的心理状态表现为正性情绪比率、月经期的保健知识了解率均高于低年级（x2值分别为100．257、183．628,均P〈0．001）。女生获得保健知识的主要途径来自母亲（43．91％）、同学／朋友（27．26％）和学校（20．56％）。在经期不适及应对方法中,女生采取的方法主要为自我调节（29．15％）和找家人倾诉（24．57％）。结论应采用学校、家庭及社会相结合方式加强青春期保健知识宣教,加强低年级女生青春期保健,这对提高女性生殖健康至关重要。     

The role of physical activity,body mass index and maturity status in body-related perceptions and self-esteem of adolescents

Background: Adolescence represents a transitional period which is marked by physical, social and psychological changes. Changes in body shape and physical activity especially alter and shape the psychological well-being of adolescents.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of physical activity level, body mass index and maturity status in body-related perception and self-esteem of 11–18 years old adolescents.

Subjects and methods: A total of 1012 adolescents participated in this study. The “Social Physique Anxiety Scale”, “Body Image Satisfaction Scale”, “Physical Self-Perception Profile for Children” and “Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory” were administered. Physical activity level and body mass index were assessed using the “Physical Activity Questionnaire” and “Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer”, respectively.

Results: Regression analysis indicated that body mass index was the only predictor of perceived body attractiveness, social physique anxiety, body image satisfaction and self-esteem for female adolescents. For male adolescents, both physical activity and body mass index were correlated with perceived body attractiveness and social physique anxiety. Pubertal status were not correlated with self-esteem and body-related perceptions for both males and females adolescents.

Conclusion: In summary, body mass index and physical activity plays an important role in body-related perceptions and self-esteem of adolescents.