丙氧氨酚与酮咯酸治疗癌痛的比较

晚期肿瘤疼痛病人３１例（男性１７例，女性１４例，年龄５０±５１４ａ），用丙氧氨酚２片，ｐｏ，ｔｉｄ，共７ｄ。相似病人３０例（男性１６例，女性１４例，年龄５１±１３ａ），用酮咯酸１０ｍｇ，ｐｏ，ｑｉｄ，共７ｄ。结果：疼痛强度（标尺法）２组均有降低；显效时间前组（丙氧氨酚）快于后组（酮咯酸）；药效维持时间后组长于前组；不良反应前组嗜睡多于后组，而胃肠道不适少于后组。     

硝基胍的毒性研究

目的对硝基胍的毒性进行研究,为制订卫生标准提供依据.方法包括急性毒性试验、蓄积毒性试验及亚慢性毒性试验.结果硝基胍大鼠经口LD50为8 066 mg/kg,小鼠经口LD50为10 044 mg/kg,蓄积系数大于5.3.亚慢性毒性试验中,高剂量组雄性大鼠在染毒第3周和第8周,体重有明显的负增长(P＜0.05);高剂量组雄性大鼠睾丸脏器系数明显高于对照组(P＜0.05);红细胞免疫功能测定结果显示,中、高剂量组大鼠红细胞受体花环率分别为10.00±2.37和7.50±2.66,明显低于对照组(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).其余各项指标未见明显改变.结论硝基胍属于微毒级毒物,轻度蓄积,亚慢性毒性试验对动物有一定的影响.     

下腰痛患者后路手术并发症的防治

目的：分析下腰痛患者后路手术并发症出现的原因，探讨防治办法。方法：回顾分析我科自１９８８～１９９８年６月间采用后路手术治疗下腰痛，即腰椎间盘突出症和／或腰椎管狭窄症患者５７０例的临床资料。结果：３３例发生术后并发症，发生率５．７９％，早期（术后２周以内）并发症１８例，晚期并发症１５例，但无一例并发神经根损伤。结论：除了术中操作技能外，术前严格掌握手术适应证，术后及时观察、早期功能锻炼，都有利于并发症的防治。     

Carbon dioxide recruitment threshold as a predictor of successful weaning in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: A pilot study

Abstract Several methods have been used to predict successful weaning and extubation among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The objective of this study is to determine whether carbon dioxide recruitment threshold (PCO₂RT) can be used as adjunct to conventional weaning parameters to predict early weaning and successful extubation. Twelve COPD patients who were ready to be extubated based on conventional weaning parameters were divided into group A ( n = 7) and group B ( n = 5). Group A were those patients with better weaning parameters and hence a higher probability of successful extubation as compared to group B. Carbon dioxide apnoeic threshold (PCO₂AT) was obtained by hyperventilating the patient using an increment of two breaths per min until apnoea occurs. At this point, the PCO₂AT or the PaCO₂ during said apnoeic period was recorded. A dead space of 150 cc is then added to the circuit until the patient starts to breathe as evidenced by the sensitivity trigger indicator. The PCO₂ obtained at this period is termed PCO₂RT. After weaning for 30 min on a T-tube, another arterial blood gas is determined and this is called the PCO₂SB or the CO₂ level after 30 min on spontaneous breathing. If the PCO₂SB-PCO₂RT difference is high with a sensitivity of 85.71% and specificity of 100% vs sensitivity of 57.14% and specificity of 60% using the conventional weaning parameters. Thus an increase in PCO₂SB at 30 min T-tube is indicative of impending respiratory pump failure and that other causes of failure to wean must be investigated.     

生物反馈技术治疗慢性盆底疼痛综合征及慢性前列腺炎

目的：评估生物反馈刺激治疗对慢性盆底疼痛综合征(CPPS)及慢性前列腺炎(CP)的效果。方法：评估30例患者治疗前后，前列腺液(EPS)及精液(SF)和临床症状的变化，包括每日排尿次数、尿急、疼痛和生活质量。使用侵入型的生物反馈刺激治疗仪，治疗周期5～15d，每次20min。结果：30例患者中的14例进行了5次生物反馈治疗，10例进行了10次，6例进行了15次治疗(平均每位患者治疗8．6次)，追踪生物反馈治疗后0～2个月，并比较治疗前和治疗后的结果，显示病情有明显好转。结论：生物反馈刺激治疗对CP或CPPS患者能明显改善疼痛、尿频、尿急和生活质量，对CP患者能减少EPS或SF中的WBC。     

病人自控硬膜外镇痛用于肺癌术后的临床观察

目的 观察PCEA用于肺癌术后的镇痛效果。方法 60例肺癌术后患随机等分为两组：A组采用PCEA，B组肌注镇痛剂。定时监测两组MAP、HR、SpO2、VAS评分、镇静评分及不良反应等。结果 A组镇痛确切，呼吸、循环平稳，患平静合作休息好。结论 PCEA用于肺癌术后镇痛效果好，不良反应少，患满意度高。     

环形电刀切除术治疗慢性宫颈炎的临床研究

目的 探讨环形电刀切除术治疗慢性宫颈炎的临床价值。方法 回顾性分析经环形电刀切除术治疗的慢性宫颈炎病人1632例，其中958例行宫颈炎性病灶消融术，511例行宫颈环切术。163例行宫颈锥切术。比较不同术式的术中出血量、手术时间、疗效以及手术并发症发生情况。结果 环形电刀切除术对各种类型慢性宫颈炎的总治愈率达95．8％，总有效率为100％，各术组间治疗效果无明显差异。手术时间及术中、术后出血量最大的为宫颈锥切组，其次是宫颈环切组，再次为病灶消融术组。术后有4．4％的患者出血量超过月经量。需再次止血。结论 环形电刀切除术是治疗慢性宫颈炎的一种安全而有效的方法，适当的操作方法可减少并发症的发生。宫颈病灶消融术效果好而并发症更少。     

A daily process design study of attentional pain control strategies in the self-management of cancer pain.

This study investigated the use of attentional control strategies in the self-management of pain using daily process design methodology. Twenty six cancer patients with pain completed diaries 3 times daily for 10 days. Diaries incorporated measures of pain intensity, affect, coping, coping efficacy, and the novelty and predictability of pain, and participants completed a cross-sectional measure of catastrophizing. At the across-person level, focusing on pain was associated with increased negative affect, and the use of pain focusing strategies was positively correlated with experiencing pain that was novel in its location or quality. Distractions that were interesting, important and pleasant were positively correlated with positive affect, perceptions of control over pain and ability to decrease pain. Over-prediction of pain was positively correlated with catastrophizing, and negatively correlated with perceptions of control over and ability to decrease pain. The within-person analysis (ARIMA modelling) showed that catastrophizing moderated the effects of pain focusing strategies, novel pain and over-predictions of pain. Meta-analysis of the ARIMA models revealed that the within-person effects of using attentional strategies did not generalize across the sample. These findings indicated that the effects of distraction strategies are influenced by their motivational-affective significance rather than the frequency with which they are used, and provided further evidence that the threat value of pain influences the way in which people cope with their pain. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.     

Comparison of histopathological characteristics of allograft biopsy between responder and non-responder to antiproteinuric effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)

Abstract:  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) has become recognized as agents that have renoprotective effects in the treatment of progressive renal diseases including post-transplant kidneys. Previously we demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of ACEI treatment on the hypertensive proteinuric post-transplant patients ( N  = 10) who had been followed up for 12 months. However, not all patients show good response in urinary protein reduction. We aimed to analyse the histopathological factor(s) affecting the responsiveness of proteinuria to ACEI treatment. Fourteen post-transplant patients with proteinuria who were treated with ACEI and underwent allograft biopsy were analysed. Eight patients showed 50% or more reduction in proteinuria (responder). The other 6 patients showed less (< 50%) reduction in proteinuria (non-responder). There was no difference in clinical characteristics (BP, renal function, donor age, recipient body mass index), dietary sodium or protein intake, and diuretic use between the two groups. As a histopathological characteristic, glomerular size in responder group was significantly larger than that in non-responder group. This suggests that the large glomerular size at least partly contributes to the responsiveness in urinary protein reduction to ACEI treatment in kidney allograft recipients with proteinuria.