Retropublic colpourethropexy with transabdominal anterior and/or posterior repair for the treatment of genuine stress urinary incontinence and genital prolapse

A new operative technique combining retropublic colpourethropexy with transabdominal internal anterior and/or internal posterior repair for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence (GSI) and genital prolapse is described in 75 cases. The overall success rate in correcting GSI was 92.0%, with a 94.8% success rate in the primary surgical group (n=58) and an 82.4% in the secondary group (n=17). Average follow-up has been 1.31 years (range 6 weeks–6 years). There was a 3.4% incidence of residual prolapse. Nine patients also underwent concomitant colpourethropexy. Overall surgical complications include febrile morbidity 4/75 (5.3%), wound infection 1/75 (1.3%), deep vein thrombosis 1/75 (1.3%) and partial ureteric obstruction 1/75 (1.3%). There were no statistically significant changes in multichannel urodynamic studies preoperatively and at 1 year following surgery. Onethird (2/6) of the GSI failures had low MUCP (<20 cm H₂O) prior to surgery and continued so at 1 year follow-up.EDITORIAL COMMENT: Genital prolapse is often present in patients who have GSI. If an operation is performed to correct the GSI, and those areas of weakness in the pelvic support system that are contributing to the genital prolapse are not treated, the genital prolapse will become more severe. In the operation which has been described, the colpopexy sutures will correct any cystourethrocele, and the removal of the wedge of tissue from the anterior superior vaginal wall will correct the cystocele. The removal of the wedge of tissue from the posterior superior vaginal wall will reduce the redundancy of the posterior vaginal fornix, but a culdeplasty of the Moschcowitz or Halban type is recommended to treat or prevent an enterocele and to place the vaginal apex in the hollow of the sacrum. Any coexistent rectocele must always be treated vaginally. If it is not treated, it will appear to be more advanced following elevation of the anterior vaginal wall by retropubic urethropexy and the anterior repair which has been recommended.Genital prolapse is best treated by a vaginal approach. When one must une an abdominal approach, ancillary procedures such as the authors have described should be considered. A bulbous upper vagina is ideal for childbearing but if the apical support system and vaginal wall is weakened it is predisposed to prolapse. If the surgeon, in operating for genital prolapse, which involves the upper vagina, will taper the vaginal apex and support it by obliteration of the cul-desac and shortening and reattachment of the uterosacralcardinal complex, postoperative prolapse will be less likely to recur.     

针刺加斜扳法治疗脊神经后支源性下腰痛的临床观察

目的:比较邵氏点针刺加斜扳法、华佗夹脊针刺加斜扳法治疗脊神经后支源性下腰痛的疗效.方法:将70例脊神经后支源性下腰痛患者随机分为2组,分别使用邵氏点针刺加斜扳法、华佗夹脊针刺加斜扳法治疗,每组35例.结果:治疗后邵氏点针刺加斜扳法组疗效较优,且短病程较长病程疗效优.结论:运用神经定位取穴的邵氏点针刺加斜扳法治疗病程较短的脊神经后支源性下腰痛有较好的疗效.     

Permanent Postoperative Anosmia: A Serious Complication of Neurovascular Decompression in the Sitting Position

Summary  In posterior fossa surgery, the sitting position offers a number of advantages believed to outweigh complications such as air embolism and pneumatocephalus. For this reason, the sitting position is frequently used in neurovascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Two years ago we reported on a previously undescribed complication: permanent postoperative anosmia. Following the recent occurrence of a second case, we conducted a nationwide survey to determine the frequency of this complication. Permanent postoperative anosmia following surgical procedures in the sitting position has been observed in 3 other institutions. In addition, the survey revealed that only 40% of German neurosurgeons still favor the sitting position for surgery of the posterior cranial fossa.  Considering that permanent anosmia severely reduces quality of life, and that it can be avoided by using another position, the sitting position for surgical procedures in the posterior fossa should be restricted to special cases (e.g., brain stem tumors).     

Effects of vecuronium and rocuronium in antagonistic laryngeal muscles and the anterior tibial muscle in the cat

BACKGROUND: Adequate vocal cord paralysis and full recovery of laryngeal muscle function are important when muscle relaxants are used perioperatively. This study was designed to compare the effects of vecuronium and rocuronium at the vocal cord abductor and adductor muscles and the anterior tibial muscle in cats. METHODS: Twelve adult cats were studied under pentobarbitone-N2O/O2-anesthesia. After supramaximal electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (0.1 Hz and intermittent train-of-four) evoked electromyographic responses were obtained from the anterior tibial muscle, the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (vocal cord abductor) and two vocal cord adductor muscles, the lateral cricoarytenoid and the vocal muscle. Six cats received bolus doses of increasing size of vecuronium (ED90 22.5 microg x kg(-1)) and six cats rocuronium (ED90 90 microg x kg(-1)). RESULTS: Equipotent doses of vecuronium and rocuronium caused a similar degree of paralysis in all muscles (vecuronium ED90: 70% blockade at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 83% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 84% at the vocal muscle and 90% at the anterior tibial muscle; rocuronium ED90: 71% at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 67% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 78% at the vocal muscle and 90% at the anterior tibial muscle; vecuronium 2 x ED90: 93% blockade at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 95% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 97% at the vocal muscle and 99% at the anterior tibial muscle; rocuronium 2 x ED90: 89% blockade at the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, 93% at the vocal muscle and 100% at the anterior tibial muscle). Onset time was significantly shorter at the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (290 s) compared to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (400 s) after vecuronium ED90 and to the vocal muscle (150 s versus 210 s) after rocuronium ED90. Compared to the anterior tibial muscle (interval 25-75%: 6.5 min after vecuronium 2 x ED90 and 3.3 min after rocuronium 2 x ED90 and to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (interval 25-75%: 7 min after vecuronium 2 x ED90 and 4.3 min after rocuronium 2 x ED90), recovery of laryngeal adductor muscle function was markedly delayed with both neuromuscular blocking drugs (interval 25-75% at the lateral cricoarytenoid and vocal muscle: 14 min and 15.8 min after vecuronium 2 x ED90 and 10.3 min and 11.6 min after rocuronium 2 x ED90 respectively). CONCLUSION: In cats, the time course of neuromuscular blockade after vecuronium and rocuronium differs in antagonistic laryngeal muscles. The protective laryngeal function of glottis closure recovers later than vocal cord abduction after both vecuronium and rocuronium.     

人工晶状体的设计对后囊膜混浊的影响

后囊膜混浊是白内障囊外摘除术后最主要的并发症之一。后囊膜混浊的发生是多因素参与的结果,手术方式的改进、人工晶状体的改良、术后炎症反应的控制都可以减少后囊膜混浊的发生。本文就人工晶状体的设计对后囊膜混浊的影响作一综述。     

选择性后房型人工晶状体植入前的后环形撕囊术

目的：探讨后囊膜增殖钙化的白内障摘出术后的后囊膜处理技术。方法：对42例(49只眼)后囊膜增殖钙化的白内障患者，于摘除白内障后在后囊膜旁中心处用破囊针头划出起始瓣，沿起始瓣边缘撕开一直径约3～4mm的类圆孔，再植入人工晶状体。结果：全部术眼后囊膜中央均有一透明类圆孔，术后无人工晶状体偏位或眼底异常改变。结论：后房型人工晶状体植入前的后环形撕囊术可使后囊膜增殖钙化的白内障获得视轴透明区，是安全有效地处置后囊膜混浊方法之一。     

晶状体囊袋张力环在预防后囊膜混浊中的应用

后囊膜混浊是白内障摘出联合后房型人工晶状体植入术后导致视力下降的最常见并发症之一 ,而术中植入囊袋张力环可有效地降低后囊膜混浊的发生 ,我们就囊袋张力环在白内障术中的应用及发展情况加以综述     

2mm直径Nd:YAG激光后囊膜切开术的视野变化

目的观察2mm直径后囊膜切开术后的视野变化并分析其相关因素。方法20例后囊膜Ⅱ级混浊患者行NdYAG激光2mm直径后囊膜切开术,术后90d计算机静态视野检查,行同样白内障术后后囊膜透明组21例检查视野。结果2mm后囊膜组中心30°及周边60°视野结果,平均偏差(MD)(-8.65±3.96)、模式标准差PSD(5.71±2.60)、中心10°总光敏感度(289.30±43.63)dB、周边60°总光敏感度(558.20±197.27)dB、后囊膜透明组MD(-2.93±3.10)、PSD(2.38±1.46)、中心10°总光敏感度(341.55±42.90)dB、周边60°总光敏感度(992.00±256.05)dB。经单因素方差分析两组的MD、PSD、中心10°及周边60°总光敏感度差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论2mm直径后囊膜切开孔会引起视网膜平均光敏感度的下降,并伴视岛的部分明显压陷。     

兔眼IOL术后基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子在虹膜、晶状体上皮细胞的表达

目的　探讨白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术后基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子 (TIMPs)在虹膜、晶状体上皮细胞的表达和TIMPs对后囊膜混浊的形成及纤维化的影响。方法　取 2 5只健康成年家兔 ,均一只眼行晶状体囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术 ,另一眼作为对照组。每 5只兔眼为一组 ,分别于术后 1、3、7、14、3 0d取出虹膜和晶状体上皮细胞 ,用RT PCR和反向酶谱分析法检测各标本中的TIMPsmRNA和蛋白质的表达 ,并用羟脯氨酸试剂盒检测晶状体囊膜羟脯氨酸量的变化。结果　在正常虹膜、晶状体上皮细胞组织均有TIMP 1、 2、 3和 4mRNA的表达 ,而无相对蛋白质活性的表达 ;术后第 1d ,TIMP 1、 2、 3和 4mRNA即出现明显升高 ,其中术后第 7d ,TIMP 1和 2mRNA的表达量为最大 ,此后逐渐下降 ,术后第 3 0d的表达量仍高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;TIMP 3mRNA轻度升高 ,TIMP 4mRNA则轻度下降 ;羟脯氨酸的含量于术后 1、3、7d和 14d明显低于术后 3 0d(P <0 0 5 )。结论　TIMPs可能是抑制白内障囊外摘出及人工晶状体植入术后细胞外基质降解的主要因素 ,还可能是后囊膜混浊的形成和纤维化的重要原因之一。     

手术前后Orbscan Ⅱ系统测量误差的分析与校正

目的 探讨orbscan Ⅱ的测量误差及其影响因素，为临床使用提供可靠依据。方法 测量lasik 113例226眼及lasek 14例27眼，使用orbscan Ⅱ系统和A超角膜测厚仪，分别于手术前及手术后1月测量角膜厚度、角膜曲率及角膜后表面屈光力。并对测量值进行分析。结果 lasik组和lasek组，Orbscan Ⅱ术前测量的角膜厚度均较A超值高，而术后均较A超值低；术后lasik组和lasek组的角膜后表面屈光力较术前均有增加.结论 Orbscan Ⅱ测量的准确性较高，但对于角膜较薄的患眼，要进行测量误差的校正。