Association of Opioid Use Disorder With 2016 Presidential Voting Patterns: Cross-sectional Study in New York State at Census Tract Level

BackgroundOpioid overdose-related deaths have increased dramatically in recent years. Combating the opioid epidemic requires better understanding of the epidemiology of opioid poisoning (OP) and opioid use disorder (OUD).ObjectiveWe aimed to discover geospatial patterns in nonmedical opioid use and its correlations with demographic features related to despair and economic hardship, most notably the US presidential voting patterns in 2016 at census tract level in New York State.MethodsThis cross-sectional analysis used data from New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System claims data and the presidential voting results of 2016 in New York State from the Harvard Election Data Archive. We included 63,958 patients who had at least one OUD diagnosis between 2010 and 2016 and 36,004 patients with at least one OP diagnosis between 2012 and 2016. Geospatial mappings were created to compare areas of New York in OUD rates and presidential voting patterns. A multiple regression model examines the extent that certain factors explain OUD rate variation.ResultsSeveral areas shared similar patterns of OUD rates and Republican vote: census tracts in western New York, central New York, and Suffolk County. The correlation between OUD rates and the Republican vote was .38 (P<.001). The regression model with census tract level of demographic and socioeconomic factors explains 30% of the variance in OUD rates, with disability and Republican vote as the most significant predictors.ConclusionsAt the census tract level, OUD rates were positively correlated with Republican support in the 2016 presidential election, disability, unemployment, and unmarried status. Socioeconomic and demographic despair-related features explain a large portion of the association between the Republican vote and OUD. Together, these findings underscore the importance of socioeconomic interventions in combating the opioid epidemic.     

乳酸及降钙素原对一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病的预测价值

目的探讨检测血乳酸、降钙素原和联合检测对急性一氧化碳中毒后迟发性脑病(DEACMP)的预测价值。 方法随机抽取我院在急诊科收住院的ACMP患者70例,随访3个月,以其中发生DEACMP患者10例为DEACMP组,其余60例为非DEACMP组,随机抽取同期笔者医院40例健康体检者为对照组。对患者立即行动脉血Lac和血清PCT检测,并计算Lac和PCT诊断DEACMP的灵敏度、特异度。 结果DEACMP组血Lac和PCT检测值均明显高于非DEACMP和对照组,差异有统计学意义(采用秩和检验,P<0.05);检测异常率亦明显高于非DEACMP组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(采用χ²检验,P<0.05)。Lac和PCT升高预测DEACMP的敏感度均为90.0% ,特异度分别为50.0%和65.0% ,准确性分别为55.7%和68.6%。联合检测时若其中1个指标为阳性时即预测DEACMP发病,则联合检测的敏感度为100.0%,特异度为41.7%,阳性预测值为21.7%,阴性预测值为100.0%,准确性为71.4%。 结论DEACMP患者早期动脉血Lac和PCT均明显升高,PCT诊断价值优于Lac,联合检测较单项指标检测对DEACMP发病预测价值更理想。     

血液透析与血液灌流联合应用治疗急性中毒50例临床分析

目的 :探索、验证、实践血液透析 (HD)与血液灌流 (HP)联合运用治疗急性中毒的有效性、安全性。方法 :对我院 1998-2 0 0 1年间共收治 5 0例急性中毒的病例资料进行统计分析。结果 :本组 5 0例急性中毒的病例中 ,男 2 7例 ,女 2 3例 ,治愈 4 7例(94 % ) ,死亡 1例 (2 % )。结论 :血液透析与血液灌流联合运用治疗急性中毒 ,临床效果满意 ,操作简便、安全。     

46例急性有机磷农药中毒死亡原因分析

目的 :探讨急性有机磷中毒 (AOPP)死亡。方法 :回顾分析 1998年至 2 0 0 0年 8月死亡病例 4 6例 ,占同期中AOPP5 0 8例的 9.0 6 %。结果 :洗胃不彻底 15例 (32 .6 % ) ,阿托品用量不足 12例(2 6 .1% ) ;中间综合征 (IMS) 7例 (15 .2 % )阿托品中毒 5例 (10 .9% ) ;混合性中毒 3例 (6 .5 % ) ,其余存在严重并发症。结论 :表明洗胃不彻底 ,阿托品用量不足及中毒、IMS、混合性中毒是AOPP死亡的主要原因。对AOPP并发的紧急凶险症状未及时控制也是其死亡原因之一。     

酸血症对有机磷农药中毒家兔模型阿托品化量影响的实验研究

目的：探讨酸中毒对有机磷农药中毒病人阿托品化量的影响。方法：采用家兔80只,随机分为两组,一组制造酸血症模型,另一组对照,两组均注射公斤体重相同剂量的有机磷农药,制造有机磷农药中毒模型,而后用阿托品解救,并达到阿托品化状态,比较两组阿托品的用量。结果：酸血症组阿托品用量明显高于对照组。结论：有机磷中毒病人合并酸中毒时,阿托品化量,高于正常。及时纠正酸中毒, 有利于有机磷中毒患者的治疗。     

雪 卡 毒 素 中 毒 的 临 床 特 征

目的 探讨雪卡毒素中毒时的临床特征。方法 分析25（男18,女7）例中毒病人的临床资料。结果 病人在进食有毒海鱼后2至10小时,出现神经、消化、心血管系统症状。普遍均有消化系统症状,神经系统症状持续1至2周,并温度感觉倒错最具有特征性。结论 雪卡毒素中毒病人,可根据其临床上特殊的神经系统特点得到确认。     

Macroscopic hematuria in wasp sting patients: a retrospective study

BackgroundMacroscopic hematuria after wasp sting has been reported in Asia to occur before acute kidney injury (AKI), and is often used by clinicians as a sign indicating the need for intensive care and blood purification therapy. However, there is no study on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of this symptom.MethodsThe clinical data of 363 patients with wasp sting admitted to Suining Central Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. At admission, the poisoning severity score (PSS) was used as the criterion for severity classification. According to the presence of macroscopic hematuria, the patients were divided into macroscopic hematuria and non-macroscopic hematuria group.ResultsOf the 363 wasp sting patients, 219 were male and 144 were female, with a mean age of 55.9 ± 16.3 years. Fifty-one (14%) had macroscopic hematuria, 39 (10.7%) had AKI, 105 (28.9%) had rhabdomyolysis, 61 (16.8%) had hemolysis, 45 (12.4%) went on to received hemodialysis, and 14 (3.9%) died. The incidence of AKI in macroscopic hematuria group was 70.6%, and oliguric renal failure accounted for 72.2%. Patients with macroscopic hematuria had significantly higher PSS (2.2 ± 0.5 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3, p < .001).ConclusionMacroscopic hematuria can be regarded as a surrogate marker of deteriorating clinical outcome following wasp stings. In wasp sting patients with symptoms of macroscopic hematuria or serum LDH higher than 463.5 u/L upon admission, the risk of AKI increases significantly, therefore hemodialysis should be considered. The PSS is helpful in early assessment of the severity of wasp sting patients.     

2013—2019年宁夏学校传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

目的 了解宁夏2013—2019年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生特点。方法 采用描述流行性病学分析方法,对宁夏2013—2019年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件进行分析。结果 2013—2019年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件报告101起,报告2 238例,罹患率为1.71%,无死亡。呼吸道传染病的罹患率为1.62%,肠道传染病为2.59%。呈春、冬季2个报告高峰,均以水痘为主。小学报告的事件数最多,报告67起,占67.07%。幼儿园的罹患率较高,为2.59%。结论 做好学校传染病疫情监测、预警、处置,加强传染病健康教育,积极推广二类疫苗接种等措施,能有效预防和控制学校传染病突发公共卫生事件发生。     

国产氟马西尼的临床应用

探讨苯二氮 艹卓 受体拮抗剂 氟马西尼治疗昏迷的临床价值。结果表明 :氟马西尼治疗后 15 ,30 ,6 0和 180minMGCS得分较治疗前依次增加 5 3,8 0 ,9 4和 7 3分 ,较常规药物组分别增加 5 2 ,7 7,8 7和 6 9分 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗后OAA/S得分也较治疗前增加 1 9分 (P <0 .0 1)。治疗过程中除少数患者出现轻度激越现象和窦性心动过速外 ,未发现其它副作用。提示氟马西尼能有效地拮抗因急性苯二氮 艹卓 类药物中毒而引起的意识障碍 ,具有较好的抗昏迷作用     

大鼠急性氧中毒后全脑细胞能量代谢的活体^31P磁共振谱 …

目的：探讨大鼠急性氧中毒后脑的能量代谢产物与脑细胞内ＰＨ变化的规律。方法：采用磁共振方法,用４．７Ｔ动物磁共振谱仪,检测氧中毒后不同时程各种磷酸化合物与无机磷酸根（Ｐｉ）、磷酸肌酸（ＰＣｒ）与γ－ＡＴＰ以及β－ＡＴＰ与Ｐｉ之间的比值,并根据Ｐｉ的化学位移推算脑细胞内ＰＨ值。结果：氧中毒组物舱１和３小时后ＰＣｒ／Ｐｉ,ＰＣｒ／γ－ＡＴＰ以及β－ＡＴＰ／Ｐｉ值均显著降低;５ｈ后恢复正常;２４和４８小时