Parameter Identification in Uncertain Scalar Conservation Laws Discretized with the Discontinuous Stochastic Galerkin Scheme

We study an identification problem which estimates the parameters of the underlying random distribution for uncertain scalar conservation laws. The hyperbolic equations are discretized with the so-called discontinuous stochastic Galerkin method, i.e., using a spatial discontinuous Galerkin scheme and a Multielement stochastic Galerkin ansatz in the random space. We assume an uncertain flux or uncertain initial conditions and that a data set of an observed solution is given. The uncertainty is assumed to be uniformly distributed on an unknown interval and we focus on identifying the correct endpoints of this interval. The first-order optimality conditions from the discontinuous stochastic Galerkin discretization are computed on the time-continuous level. Then, we solve the resulting semi-discrete forward and backward schemes with the Runge-Kutta method. To illustrate the feasibility of the approach, we apply the method to a stochastic advection and a stochastic equation of Burgers' type. The results show that the method is able to identify the distribution parameters of the random variable in the uncertain differential equation even if discontinuities are present.     

采用Origin软件计算DXI 800发光仪的四参数logistic定标数据

目的采用Origin软件拟合DXI 800发光仪的四参数logistic定标数据,比较其与DXI 800计算的数据差异,探讨采用Origin软件计算DXI 800未知数据的可能性。方法选择睾酮、总甲状腺素、雌二醇、肌钙蛋白I、促甲状腺激素、癌胚抗原和孕酮的定标数据,采用Origin软件拟合四参数logistic计算结果,与DXI 800发光仪计算的结果比较。结果采用Origin软件计算的结果与DXI 800计算的结果基本一致,平均偏倚介于-0.85%~1.68%之间。结论可以采用Origin软件计算DXI 800发光仪的未知结果。     

两种柽柳对盐胁迫的生理生化响应

柽柳属(Tamarix chinensis L.)植物,为多年生泌盐盐生植物,是一类重要灌木植物,具有许多独特的生物、生态学特征。本研究以刚毛柽柳(T.hispida Wild)和长穗柽柳(T.elongata Ledeb)为研究对象,采用盆栽实验,开展耐盐性实验:中性盐NaCl设置0、50、100、150和200 mmoL/L 5个浓度水平,通过测定盐胁迫下两种柽柳的光合速率、蒸腾速率、游离脯氨酸含量、干重等生理指标,结果显示:刚毛柽柳和长穗柽柳均表现出较强的耐盐能力,但刚毛柽柳受NaCl胁迫的影响较小,表明刚毛柽柳耐盐性强于长穗柽柳,可作为柽柳属植物耐盐生理和分子机制研究的备选材料。     

Intrapartum fetal surveillance: a physiological approach

Continuous utero-placental circulation, and patent umbilical blood vessels ensure an uninterrupted transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus as well as clearance of metabolic waste products. The onset of labour characterized by progressive and strong uterine contractions poses a threat to fetal oxygenation as a result of collapsing the spiral arterioles traversing the myometrium to supply the placental bed, and repetitive compression of the blood vessels within the umbilical cord. Human fetuses are equipped with compensatory mechanisms to cope with transient interruptions of blood supply during labour. The ability to compensate may be blunted in cases of poor fetal reserves, increased metabolic demand (macrosomia or maternal fever), and due to non-hypoxic pathways (e.g. chorioamniontis or fetal hypovolumia-hypotension syndrome). Intrapartum fetal surveillance involves prompt recognition of the features that signal the onset of fetal decompensation on the cardiotocograph (CTG) to ensure a timely intervention to avoid hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) or perinatal deaths. This article summarises a ‘physiological approach’ to the interpretation of the CTG which, in places, conflicts with other current UK guidance.     

Preservation of Denonvilliers' fascia for nerve‐sparing laparoscopic total mesorectal excision: A neuro‐histological study

Urogenital complications due to pelvic autonomic nerve damage frequently occur following rectal surgery. We investigated whether total mesorectal excision (TME) with preservation of the Denonvilliers' fascia (DVF) can effectively prevent the removal of pelvic autonomic nerves through microscopy. Twenty consecutive male patients with mid‐low rectal cancer who received TME with preservation or resection of the Denonvilliers' fascia (P and R groups, respectively) were included. Serial transverse sections from surgical specimens were studied histologically. Nerve fibers at the surfaces of the mesorectum were counted. Clinical correlation between the amount of nerve fibers removed and post‐operative sexual function was analyzed. Nerve fibers closely localized to the DVF in the R group displaying rich erectile activity (positive anti‐nNOS immunostaining). At the anterior surface of the mesorectum, the mean numbers of nNOS‐positive nerve fibers per specimen in the P group were significantly lower than the R group (3.0 ± 1.8 vs. 5.0 ± 2.3, P < 0.05). Compared to the R group, patients in the P group had higher IIEF scores and better erectile function at 3 and 6 months post‐operatively. The DVF is a key risk zone for pelvic denervation during laparoscopic TME. Preservation of the DVF can prevent the removal of autonomic nerves and protect post‐operative erectile function. Clin. Anat. 32:439–445, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

全凭静脉麻醉下保留自主呼吸行胸腔镜手术的安全性评估

目的：观察保留自主呼吸全凭静脉麻醉对胸腔镜手术围术期机体生理变化的影响，并进一步探讨其有效性及安全性。方法：2016年5—11月择期行胸腔镜手术患者64例，随机分为自主呼吸全麻组（40例）及气管插管全麻组（24例）。自主呼吸全麻组以右美托咪定、舒芬太尼、丙泊酚静脉诱导，以右美托咪定、瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚辅以术侧胸腔镜下肋间神经及胸内迷走神经阻滞进行术中维持麻醉。观察并记录术前、开胸前、开胸时、开胸后15 min、开胸后30 min、关胸前、关胸后30 min、关胸后60 min等时间点的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、呼吸频率（RR）、指脉氧饱和度（SPO2）、脑电双频谱指数（BIS）以及相应时间点动脉血酸碱度（pH）、二氧化碳分压（PCO2）、氧分压（PO2）、氧合指数、剩余碱（BE）、碳酸氢根（HCO3-）、二氧化碳总量（TCO2）、电解质等指标的变化，并进一步观察探讨其与气管插管全麻组患者在术前麻醉、拔管呛咳、呕吐、复苏室停留时间、咽喉痛、肺部感染及总住院天数等方面是否有差异。结果：自主呼吸全麻组患者HR、RR、MAP开胸前较术前有所下降（P < 0.05），RR在开胸后30 min、关胸前时间点较开胸前有所增加（P < 0.05）。开胸时MAP较开胸前进一步下降（P < 0.05），于开胸后15 min、开胸后30 min、关胸前时间点逐渐上升，与开胸前时间点比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。SPO2在开胸后15 min、开胸后30 min相比开胸前有所降低（P < 0.05），在关胸后30 min、关胸后60 min恢复到术前水平（P＞0.05）。pH、PO2、氧合指数在开胸后30 min及关胸前较开胸前降低（P < 0.05），PCO2在开胸30 min、关胸前较开胸前升高（P < 0.05），PO2、氧合指数在关胸后30 min时恢复到开胸前水平（P＞0.05），pH、PCO2在关胸后60 min时恢复到开胸前水平（P＞0.05）。BE在关胸后30 min较开胸前降低（P < 0.05）。HCO3-、TCO2、Na+、K+、iCa2+、Glu、Hb等指标各时间点无明显差异。此外自主呼吸全麻组在术前麻醉时间、复苏室停留时间、拔管呛咳及咽喉痛的发生率均低于气管插管全麻组（P < 0.05）。结论：自主呼吸全凭静脉麻醉行胸腔镜手术安全可行，患者生理指标在可接受范围内发生变化，且在关胸后短时间内恢复。     

Type a Behavior and Cardiovascular Recovery from a Psychosocial Stressor

Abstract

The present study examined heart rate responses of Type A and Type B individuals during and after performance on the Stroop perceptual conflict task. The student version of the Jenkins Activity Survey was administered to thirty-two male Caucasians, who then performed the Stroop task for six minutes under conditions that emphasized time urgency and competition. Results showed that Type A's recovered significantly slower than Type B's after task completion. Type A's, compared to Type B's reported feeling more angry, time pressured, and impatient. The notion that Type A individuals may be at higher risk for coronary heart disease because of maladaptively prolonged cardiovascular arousal was discussed.     

BILT肝病治疗仪对肝硬化患者血小板参数与凝血的影响

目的探讨肝硬化患者采用BILT肝病治疗仪治疗对血小板参数与凝血的影响。方法本次共选择80例肝硬化患者,分组就常规对症支持(对照组)与加用BILT肝病治疗仪(观察组)治疗。对凝血机制和预后的影响进行比较。结果观察组临床情况优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论肝硬化患者采用BILT肝病治疗仪治疗,可显著减轻临床症状,具较高安全性,值得广泛推广应用。