肝源性磷脂对酒精肝损伤的保护作用

<正>酒精性肝病(alcoholic liver disease,ALD)是世界范围内备受关注的肝脏疾病之一。磷脂(phospholipid)是细胞膜的重要组分,有广泛生理活性,如降血脂、延缓衰老、增强学习和记忆等[1,2]。有研究表明,大豆磷脂对酒精肝损伤有保护作用[3]。但对于含量丰富、结构与大豆磷脂     

Effects of sub-chronic clozapine and haloperidol administration on brain lipid levels

Abnormal lipid profiles have been reported in the central nervous system (CNS) in individuals with schizophrenia, although the etiology of these changes remains to be elucidated. While treatment with second-generation antipsychotics has been associated with alterations in peripheral lipid levels and changes in erythrocyte membrane composition, the relationship between peripheral and CNS lipid levels is complex and the effect of antipsychotics on CNS lipid regulation is not yet understood. In this study we investigated whether sub-chronic administration of the second-generation antipsychotic clozapine and the first-generation antipsychotic haloperidol alters brain membrane lipid composition in male Sprague–Dawley rats. The relationship between brain membrane lipid composition and plasma cholesterol concentrations was also assessed. Our results indicate that brain lipid composition and plasma cholesterol concentrations are not altered following administration of antipsychotics. No correlation was observed between plasma and brain membrane cholesterol levels. Our findings suggest that observed alterations in brain lipid profiles in individuals with schizophrenia are not a consequence of treatment with antipsychotic medications.     

Phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate lipolysis and hyaluronic acid augmentation to enhance nonsurgical lower facial contouring using botulinum toxin type A

Botulinum toxin type A can produce dramatic improvements in patients with benign masseteric hypertrophy but this method alone is not as effective for patients with a rounded lower face. The paper describes the effective use of selective lower jowl phosphatidylcholine/deoxycholate lipolysis and chin, cheek, and nose augmentation with hyaluronic acid to refine cosmetic lower facial contouring using botulinum toxin type A in a young Asian woman. A series of treatments was administered over 26 months. The patient's lower cheeks were slimmed and jowl definition was improved producing the patient's desired sculptured, heart-shaped face. The injection-based procedures provided much preferable alternative to surgery from the perspective of both the patient and her family. The authors believe that this is the first case report in the published literature reporting these three methods used in conjunction.     

Histological changes after treatment for localized fat deposits with phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate

Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and sodium deoxycholate (DC) injections have been used cosmetically to reduce localized fat, but to date, few studies have addressed the histological effect of human fat tissue following injections of PPC and DC. We injected PPC and DC mixed with normal saline into the patient's abdominal area. Examinations of postinjection tissue revealed marked changes within the subcutaneous fat. We observed important microscopic evidence of substitution of fat by fibrosis, marked inflammatory infiltration with microabscess formation in the dermis, and septal and lobular panniculitis with thick fibrous septa. Fat necrosis with microcalcification and cyst formation were observed in the subcutaneous fat. Fibroid necrosis with extravasation was noted in the small vessels around fat necrosis. Therefore, careful use of PPC and DC is recommended when patients want to cosmetically reduce localized fat.     

Clinical experience and safety using phosphatidylcholine injections for the localized reduction of subcutaneous fat: a multicentre, retrospective UK study

Background Phosphatidylcholine has been in safe use for over 30 years. Subcutaneous injections of phosphatidylcholine have now become used internationally for localized subcutaneous fat reduction on the face and body, but concerns about the safety of this treatment have arisen. Aims To assess retrospectively treatment outcomes and adverse effects associated with subcutaneous phosphatidylcholine use. Patients and methods Thirty‐nine UK doctors specifically trained and experienced in this treatment completed questionnaires, focusing on outcome and adverse effects experienced by patients. Results Ten thousand five hundred and eighty‐one treatments had been administered over a mean duration of 13.1 months. Localized adverse effects (swelling, erythema, burning/stinging, pain, tenderness and bruising) were described by most patients as “very mild’ (18.4%) or “mild” (39.2%). The total incidence of systemic side‐effects was 3%: diarrhoea, nausea, dizziness/light‐headedness and intermenstrual bleeding were described by most patients as “very mild” (36%) or “mild” (55%). Only 15 (0.14%) “unexpected, unusually severe or prolonged” adverse reactions (commonly pain and/or swelling) were reported. These were all self‐limiting and none were judged as serious. 73.8% of patients were either “very satisfied” or “satisfied” with treatment. Conclusions This treatment appears to be associated with minimal risks when used by specifically trained and experienced doctors. The possible risks associated with this treatment should be balanced against the risks of other treatment options.     

Quantitative and ultrastructural studies on the uptake of drug loaded liposomes by mononuclear phagocytes infected with Leishmania donovani

This study compared splenic and hepatic uptake of free and liposome-entrapped sodium antimony gluconate after i.v. administration to mice infected with Leishmania donovani. It was demonstrated that entrapment within liposomes greatly altered the kinetics of uptake of the drug. We were also able to show that liposomes composed of sphingomyelin, stearylamine and cholesterol were marginally better than any other preparation in delivering entrapped drug to liver and spleen. X-ray microanalytical studies on the uptake of liposomes by Kupffer cells infected with L. donovani have indicated that internalised liposomes probably fuse with parasitophorous vacuoles, transferring their contents into the immediate locality of the leishmanial parasites. It is proposed that this is the way in which liposome entrapped antileishmanial agents have an enhanced therapeutic effect over free drug therapy.     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合复方甘草酸苷治疗NAFLD的疗效观察

目的观察多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合复方甘草酸苷治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的临床疗效。方法 56例非酒精性脂肪肝患者随机分为治疗组(30例)和对照组(26例),对照组给予复方甘草酸苷治疗;治疗组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱和复方甘草酸苷联合治疗,疗程均为12周。治疗结束后比较两组临床疗效及血清学各指标变化。结果治疗组总有效率(86.7%)明显优于对照组(73.1%,P<0.05);治疗结束后治疗组ALT、AST、TG、TC和LDL-C等指标较对照组显著降低(P<0.05),HDL-C较对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合复方甘草酸苷治疗非酒精性脂肪肝疗效显著,安全可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

Treatment of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Qianggan Capsule(强肝胶囊)

<正>Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect and safety of Qianggan Capsule(强肝胶囊,QGC) in treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),using polyene phosphatidylcholine capsule(PPC) as a reference.Methods:Eighty-eight patients with NAFLD were randomly assigned to two groups,45 in the treatment group treated with QGC and 43 in the control group treated with PPC.The course of treatment lasted for 6 months.Changes in liver function,blood lipids,and iconographic indexes before and after treatment were observed,and clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:In the treatment group,alanine aminotransferase(ALT) was lowered significantly from 56.02±32.59 IU/L before treatment to 38.27±22.68 IU/L after treatment,and CT liver/spleen ratio significantly increased from 0.69±0.18 to 0.91±0.25,showing statistical significance(P0.05);in contrast,the corresponding changes of the two indexes in the control group were 56.56±26.33 IU/L to 49.67±26.22 IU/L, and 0.66±0.20 to 0.75±0.24,respectively,the pre-post treatment difference showing insignificant difference(P0.05). No severe adverse reactions occurred during the whole treatment course.Conclusion:QGC is an effective and safe remedy for the treatment of NAFLD.     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱改善脂肪肝大鼠肝脏脂质沉积的作用机制研究

目的 探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱对高脂饮食脂肪肝大鼠肝脏脂质沉积的抑制效应及其机制.方法 采用单纯高脂饮食诱导的大鼠脂肪肝模型.在造模6周后, 随机分为模型组和多烯磷脂酰胆碱组,分别灌胃给予饮用水和相应药物,疗程4周,实验结束时取材观察:①肝组织病理变化(HE染色);②血清脂联素(adiponection,ADP),肝组织三酰甘油(triglyceride, TG)、游离脂肪酸(free fatty acid, FFA)、肝组织脂联素受体(adiponection receptor2, AdipoR2)、腺苷酸活化的蛋白激酶(AMP-Activated K inase, AMPK)、脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase, FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(acety1 CoA carboxylase, ACCase)、丙二酰辅酶A(Malony1 CoA)含量的变化及其各指标间相关性分析.结果 模型组肝组织出现程度不同的肝细胞脂肪变性及空泡样变.模型组肝组织TG、FFA、FAS、ACCase、Malony1-CoA含量较正常组显著升高(P<0.01),血清ADP与肝组织AdipoR2、AMPK显著降低(P<0.01).多烯磷脂酰胆碱组的肝脏脂肪变性显著减轻,肝组织TG、FFA、FAS、ACCase、Malony1-CoA含量显著降低(P<0 01),血清ADP与肝组织AdipoR2、AMPK含量明显升高(P<0.01).结论 多烯磷脂酰胆碱对脂肪肝大鼠肝脏脂质沉积有高强度的抑制效应,其机制与改善脂肪酸代谢有关.