Ultrasonic grey scale visualization of the thyroid gland

Ultrasonic examination of the thyroid provides an accurate method of differentiating between solid and cystic lesions. With grey scale echography contents of many solid lesions give rise to a characteristic echo pattern which may eventually allow the ultrasonic classification of these lesions. This preliminary study of 40 patients presents the echograms associated with some of the more common pathological conditions of the thyroid gland.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平与DNA损伤的关系探讨

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）血液中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）水平与外周血单个核细胞DNA损伤程度的关系。方法HIE患儿20例，分别在急性期、恢复期采血，用动力学检测全血中GSH-Px水平，用碱性单细胞凝胶电泳（SCGE）检测外周血中单个核细胞的彗星率及尾矩。12例新生儿作为正常对照组。结果急性期HIE患儿血中，GSH-Px水平明显减低，与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01），恢复期GSH-Px水平上升，与对照组比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；急性期HIE患儿外周血单个核细胞彗星率及尾矩显著增高，与对照组比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01），恢复期两者水平下降，但与对照组比较仍有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论自由基及DNA损伤参与了新生儿HIE的病理发展过程，GSH-Px可作为HIE患儿体内自由基水平检测指标之一。     

中性粒细胞外陷阱在血栓形成中的作用及研究进展

血栓性疾病严重危害人群健康。中性粒细胞外陷阱作为中性粒细胞的固有免疫机制之一,在帮助机体抵御病原体之外还可通过其结构的支架作用和组分的凝血激活作用促进血栓形成,并在动静脉血栓、抗凝脂综合征以及肿瘤相关血栓的动物疾病模型、人类血栓样本和体外实验中得到了证实。主要介绍中性粒细胞外陷阱的形成机制,重点介绍中性粒细胞外陷阱与血栓形成的关联,以及在血栓性疾病和新型冠状病毒肺炎中作用,旨在为血栓防治相关研究提供参考。     

Comparison of Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers and Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based sealers (CeraSeal and EndoSeal TCS) and epoxy resin-based sealer (AH-Plus) in terms of cell viability, inflammatory response, expression of mesenchymal phenotype, osteogenic potential, cell attachment, and morphology, of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). hPDLSCs were acquired from the premolars (n = 4) of four subjects, whose ages extended from 16 to 24 years of age. Flow cytometry analysis showed stemness of hPDLSCs was maintained in all materials. In cell viability test, AH-Plus showed the lowest cell viability, and CeraSeal showed significantly higher cell viability than others. In ELISA test, AH-Plus showed higher expression of IL-6 and IL-8 than calcium silicate-based sealers. In an osteogenic potential test, AH-Plus showed a lower expression level than other material; however, EndoSeal TCS showed a better expression level than others. All experiments were repeated at least three times per cell line. Scanning electronic microscopy studies showed low degree of cell proliferation on AH-Plus, and high degree of cell proliferation on calcium silicate-based sealers. In this study, calcium silicate-based sealers appear to be more biocompatible and less cytotoxic than epoxy-resin based sealers.     

Imaging-based algorithmic approach to gallbladder wall thickening

Gallbladder(GB) wall thickening is a frequent finding caused by a spectrum of conditions. It is observed in many extracholecystic as well as intrinsic GB conditions. GB wall thickening can either be diffuse or focal. Diffuse wall thickening is a secondary occurrence in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathologies of GB, whereas, focal wall thickening is mostly associated with intrinsic GB pathologies. In the absence of specific clinical features, accurate etiological diagnosis can be challenging. The survival rate in GB carcinoma(GBC) can be improved if it is diagnosed at an early stage, especially when the tumor is confined to the wall. The pattern of wall thickening in GBC is often confused with benign diseases, especially chronic cholecystitis, xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis, and adenomyomatosis. Early recognition and differentiation of these conditions can improve the prognosis. In this minireview, the authors describe the patterns of abnormalities on various imaging modalities(conventional as well as advanced) for the diagnosis of GB wall thickening. This paper also illustrates an algorithmic approach for the etiological diagnosis of GB wall thickening and suggests a formatted reporting for GB wall abnormalities.