Gender differences in masticatory movement path and rhythm in dentate adults

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to clarify whether there might be a gender difference in masticatory movement path and rhythm in dentate adults.MethodsThirty healthy males and 30 healthy females were asked to chew softened chewing gum on their habitual chewing side for 20 sec, and the movement of the mandibular incisal point was recorded using mandibular kinesiograph. For 10 cycles from the fifth cycle, the spatial and temporal parameters (spatial: amounts of vertical and lateral movements; temporal: opening, closing, occluding, and cycle times) of masticatory movement path and rhythm and the parameters representing the stability of masticatory movement path and rhythm were calculated and compared between males and females.ResultsThe values of the spatial parameters were significantly greater for males than for females. The values of the temporal parameters were smaller for males than for females, and significant differences were found in all parameters except occluding time. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the parameters representing the stability of masticatory movement path and rhythm.ConclusionFrom these results it was suggested that although there were no differences in the stability of masticatory movement path and rhythm between genders, there were gender differences in the spatial and temporal parameters of masticatory movement path and rhythm.     

医疗不良事件中第二受害者复苏路径的研究现状

本文针对国外第二受害者复苏路径的5种理论模型进行了详细的分析与总结,以期为我国在患者安全文化背景下发展与构建第二受害者复苏理论模型提供参考,提高相关学者对第二受害者复苏一般规律的整体认识,为后续开展有针对性的干预研究和实践提供理论框架。     

The Effect of Heat Source Path on Thermal Evolution during Electro-Gas Welding of Thick Steel Plates

In recent years, the shipbuilding industry has experienced a growing demand for tighter control and higher strength requirements in thick steel plate welding. Electro-gas welding (EGW) is a high heat input welding method, widely used to improve the welding efficiency of thick plates. Modelling the EGW process of thick steel plates has been challenging due to difficulties in accurately depicting the heat source path movement. An EGW experiment on 30 mm thickness E36 steel plates was conducted in this study. A semi-ellipsoid heat source model was implemented, and its movement was mathematically expressed using linear, sinusoidal, or oscillate-stop paths. The geometry of welding joints, process variables, and steel composition are taken from industrial scale experiments. The resulting thermal evolutions across all heat source-path approaches were verified against experimental observations. Practical industrial recommendations are provided and discussed in terms of the fusion quality for E36 steel plates with a heat input of 157 kJ/cm. It was found that the oscillate-stop heat path predicts thermal profile more accurately than the sinusoidal function and linear heat path for EGW welding of 30 mm thickness and above. The linear heat path approach is recommended for E36 steel plate thickness up to 20 mm, whereas maximum thickness up to 30 mm is appropriate for sinusoidal path, and maximum thickness up to 35 mm is appropriate for oscillate-stop path in EGW welding, assuming constant heat input.     

口腔内就位道观测仪指导口腔医学生固定义齿牙备的实验研究

目的 研究口腔内就位道观测仪在口腔医学生固定义齿就位道确定中的作用。方法 选取80名经过系统牙体制备理论教育的医学生,随机分为四组(A1组：采用就位道观测仪指导制备前牙;A2组：采用常规目测法制备前牙;B1组：采用就位道观测仪指导制备后牙;B2组：采用常规目测法制备后牙),每组各20名,分别在仿真头颅模型系统上模拟21、36缺失进行固定桥基牙制备。制备后用3D扫描仪行口内模型扫描,将获取数据导入CAD软件进行倒凹及会聚度的分析和测量。凡预备体无倒凹者为合格,存在倒凹者为不合格。采用统计学软件进行合格率及基牙平均会聚度的分析。结果 A1组合格16人(合格率为80%);A2组合格9人(合格率为45%);B1组合格15人(合格率为75%);B2组合格5人(合格率40%)。数据分析表明,A1组优于A2组,两者存在差异性(P<0.05),B1组优于B2组,两者存在高度差异性(P<0.01)。桥基牙会聚度A1组优于A2组,B1组优于B2组,均存在高度差异性(P<0.001)。结论 使用口内就位道观测仪可以提高医学生固定义齿共同就位道的成功率。     

孕烷X受体与炎症反应及中药干预机制研究进展

孕烷X受体(Pregnane X receptor,PXR)是核受体家族成员之一,可被多种内源性和外源性物质激活。PXR通过诱导药物代谢酶和转运体,在肝脏、肠道、皮肤和血管内皮中发挥重要的解毒作用。此外,PXR还具有调节糖脂代谢、胆固醇代谢、胆红素和胆汁酸代谢、免疫炎症反应等功能。研究证实,PXR已被公认为多种炎症性疾病的有效药物干预靶点,如炎性结肠炎、坏死性肠炎、肝炎、皮炎、糖尿病等。多种中药或其活性成分可以作为PXR受体激动剂通过核因子B(NF-κB)和尾部相关同源盒转录因子2(Cdx2)通路干扰炎症反应,如虎杖、木蝴蝶、黄芩、黄连、丹参、白芷、人参、香附、五味子、高良姜等。本文综述了近年来PXR调节炎症反应的最新研究成果以及中药激活PXR干预炎症反应的机制,以期为今后的研究提供参考。     

Tumor-specific lytic path “hyperploid progression mediated death”: Resolving side effects through targeting retinoblastoma or p53 mutant

A major advance was made to reduce the side effects of cancer therapy via the elucidation of the tumor-specific lytic path “hyperploid progression-mediated death” targeting retinoblastoma (Rb) or p53-mutants defective in G1 DNA damage checkpoint. The genetic basis of human cancers was uncovered through the cloning of the tumor suppressor Rb gene. It encodes a nuclear DNA-binding protein whose self-interaction is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases. A 3D-structure of Rb dimer is shown, confirming its multimeric status. Rb assumes a central role in cell cycle regulation and the “Rb pathway” is universally inactivated in human cancers. Hyperploidy refers to a state in which cells contain one or more extra chromosomes. Hyperploid progression occurs due to continued cell-cycling without cytokinesis in G1 checkpoint-defective cancer cells. The evidence for the triggering of hyperploid progression-mediated death in RB-mutant human retinoblastoma cells is shown. Hence, the very genetic mutation that predisposes to cancer can be exploited to induce lethality. The discovery helped to establish the principle of targeted cytotoxic cancer therapy at the mechanistic level. By triggering the lytic path, targeted therapy with tumor specificity at the genetic level can be developed. It sets the stage for systematically eliminating side effects for cytotoxic cancer therapy.     

前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术的临床解剖学研究

目的:为前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术提供临床解剖学依据。方法:在100对中国成人干燥寰枢椎配对标本上,对与临床前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术相关的数据进行解剖学测量。结果:前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术冠状面上螺钉植入最小外偏角(5.5±2.0)°(0°～13.0°),最大外偏角(23.6±2.1)°(17.5°～32.5°),矢状面上螺钉植入最小后倾角(14.9±2.6)°(9.0°～27.0°),最大后倾角(25.6±2.5)°(17.5°～33.5°),内侧钉道距离(16.58±1.49)mm(13.78～21.86mm),外侧钉道距离(26.44±1.75)mm(21.81～33.78mm)。结论:前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定术,16～26mm长度的螺钉,外倾5°～23°、后倾15°～26°方向拧入是安全的。     

夏枯草形态学性状的遗传变异、相关及主成分分析

目的:通过研究夏枯草形态学性状与单株产量间的关系,为夏枯草系统选育和规范化栽培提供理论依据.方法:采用田间小区试验,对来自全国15份夏枯草种质的形态学性状进行相关、通径及主成分分析.结果:夏枯草种质中6个形态学性状存在较大遗传变异;单株穗重与单株果穗数和单株叶鲜重呈极显著正相关,与穗长呈显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,前3个主成分对变异的贡献率达87.533%.结论:在夏枯草丰产种质选育中应重点关注生长势强、单株果穗数较多及果穗较长的株系.     

一种度量细胞网络结构的方法

文题释义： 复杂网络：是指具有自组织、自相似、小世界、无标度中部分或全部特征的网络。小世界效应和无标度特性是复杂网络最显著的特点。小世界是指网络具有大的簇系数和较小的平均路径长度,无标度是指网络节点的连接度分布服从幂律分布。 细胞网络：在多细胞生物体中,单个细胞除了完成自身功能外,各个细胞间的通讯联络是必不可少的,如维持生物体的生长发育、各种生理活动的协调等。如果将每个细胞抽象为一个节点,每两个细胞间的通讯抽象为一条边,那么众多细胞及其之间的通讯将抽象成为一个巨大的细胞网络。 背景：在多细胞组成的生物体社会中,细胞之间的通讯必不可少。众多细胞之间相互通讯、相互联系,形成了一个复杂的细胞网络结构。对细胞网络结构相关属性值进行度量和评价,显得极其重要。 目的：基于复杂网络,提出了一种细胞网络结构的度量方法。 方法：结合文献研究及实际应用,搭建细胞网络结构的度量框架,分别从细胞节点的度、细胞网络的度分布、细胞网络的平均路径长度、细胞网络的簇系数等方面对细胞网络结构进行度量。以某小型实验为例,进行了实例验证。 结果与结论：细胞网络的度分布中,绝大部分细胞节点的度值比较小,只有较少量细胞节点的度值较高。细胞网络中细胞节点的度分布P(k)的幂律分布特点越是明显,则此细胞网络结构越是合理,细胞网络越正常;同时,许多细胞网络结构具有较小的平均路径长度。细胞网络的簇系数越大,表明该细胞网络具有较高的聚集特性。一般情况下,细胞网络结构越“紧密”,细胞网络结构的“集团化”特性越明显,细胞网络越正常。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2483-032X(张雨) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

临床护理路径开展健康教育对系统性红斑狼疮患者护理质量及医疗费用的作用

目的：探讨临床护理路径模式开展健康教育对系统性红斑狼疮患者护理质量及医疗费用的作用。方法将2011年1～12月收治的系统性红斑狼疮患者26例设为对照组,将2012年1～12月收治的系统性红斑狼疮患者28例设为研究组。两组患者均给予常规治疗及对症处理,对照组开展常规健康教育模式,研究组实施临床护理路径式健康教育。比较两组患者医疗知识掌握程度、护理满意度及医疗费用。结果研究组患者住院天数少于对照组（P＜0.05）,医疗费用低于对照组（P＜0.05）,患者健康知识掌握率明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）,患者的护理满意度明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论临床护理路径健康教育模式能够提高系统性红斑狼疮患者对疾病的认知水平及护理满意度,同时还能并缩短住院时间,降低医疗费用,值得进一步推广。