Orange Fanta versus orange fruit: A novel measure of nutrition knowledge in Malawi

This paper introduces a novel survey instrument to identify distinct components of nutrition knowledge and test for links between knowledge and dietary choices in Southern Malawi. Our first aim is to distinguish respondents' familiarity with recommended behaviours, such as when to start breastfeeding or introduce solid foods, from respondents' factual knowledge about mechanisms, such as whether biscuits or papaya and orange fruit or orange Fanta contribute more to future health. We find knowledge of nutrition behaviours to be strongly associated with more schooling, older age, and being female, whereas knowledge of mechanisms is associated only with training and employment as a health professional. We then test whether this expanded definition of nutrition knowledge is associated with dietary intake when controlling for other factors and find no significant links in these data. Results point to the need for knowledge surveys and public health behaviour‐change campaigns to address the kinds of information that might have the most influence on actual behaviour, potentially including the mechanisms involved in food composition, food safety, and disease transmission.     

Constructing Large Scale Cohort for Clinical Study on Heart Failure with Electronic Health Record in Regional Healthcare Platform: Challenges and Strategies in Data Reuse

Regional healthcare platforms collect clinical data from hospitals in specific areas for the purpose of healthcare management. It is a common requirement to reuse the data for clinical research. However, we have to face challenges like the inconsistence of terminology in electronic health records (EHR) and the complexities in data quality and data formats in regional healthcare platform. In this paper, we propose methodology and process on constructing large scale cohorts which forms the basis of causality and comparative effectiveness relationship in epidemiology. We firstly constructed a Chinese terminology knowledge graph to deal with the diversity of vocabularies on regional platform. Secondly, we built special disease case repositories (i.e., heart failure repository) that utilize the graph to search the related patients and to normalize the data. Based on the requirements of the clinical research which aimed to explore the effectiveness of taking statin on 180-days readmission in patients with heart failure, we built a large-scale retrospective cohort with 29647 cases of heart failure patients from the heart failure repository. After the propensity score matching, the study group (n=6346) and the control group (n=6346) with parallel clinical characteristics were acquired. Logistic regression analysis showed that taking statins had a negative correlation with 180-days readmission in heart failure patients. This paper presents the workflow and application example of big data mining based on regional EHR data.     

灾害护理知信行量表的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制灾害护理知信行量表,并对其进行信效度检验。方法:根据知信行理论模型编制灾害护理知信行量表。随机抽取500名护生实施问卷调查并进行因子分析及信效度评估,3周后,随机抽取200名护生检验重测信度。结果:灾害护理知信行量表包括知识、态度及行为3个维度,共30个条目,总量表及各维度Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.96,0.92,0.95,0.96;分半信度为0.82,总量表及各维度重测信度分别为0.90,0.82,0.83,0.85。量表总内容效度指数为0.93,各条目内容效度指数为0.85～1.00。结论:灾害护理知信行量表具有良好的信效度,可作为评估护生灾害护理知信行水平的工具,可作为灾害护理教育的形成性评价指标。     

青少年偏头痛患者述情障碍与父母教养方式、心理症状的关系

目的 调查分析青少年偏头痛患者述情障碍的特点,探讨述情障碍与父母教养方式及焦虑抑郁等心理症状的关系,为改善青少年偏头痛患者临床症状、提高其生活质量、维护其身心健康提供理论依据。方法 筛选2017年10月—2019年2月在石家庄市人民医院确诊的110名青少年偏头痛患者为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、多伦多述情障碍评定量表(TAS-20)、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、视觉模拟量表(VAS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表进行问卷调查及评估。结果 1)青少年偏头痛患者的述情障碍检出率为47.3%,述情障碍总分为(49.33±17.02)分。焦虑、抑郁症状的发生率分别为68.1%、47.3%。2)述情障碍组父母情感温暖因子得分(t=1.350、4.064)低于非述情障碍组,父母过分干涉(t=1.069、2.621)、拒绝否认(t=3.611、2.020)、过度保护因子得分(t=3.578、2.621)高于非述情障碍组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。述情障碍组青少年对疼痛、焦虑、抑郁情绪的感知得分高于非述情障碍组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.640、3.801、5.318,P&...     

护士促进癌症幸存者体力活动知信行问卷的编制及信效度检验

目的 编制护士促进癌症幸存者体力活动知信行问卷并检验其信效度。方法 以知信行理论为指导,通过文献回顾、查阅指南、头脑风暴、专家函询、预调查后形成初始问卷,便利选取553名肿瘤相关科室护士进行调查,对问卷进行项目分析及信效度检验。结果 问卷由知识、信念、行为3个维度共30条目构成。总问卷的Cronbach α系数为0.950,折半信度为0.682,重测信度为0.900。探索性因子分析提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为58.252%。验证性因子分析显示：χ²/df=2.395,RMSEA=0.073,NFI=0.849,IFI=0.906,TLI=0.897,CFI=0.906,模型拟合良好。内容效度分析显示,条目水平内容效度指数(I-CVI)为0.833～1.00,平均量表水平内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)为0.969,全体一致量表水平内容效度指数(S-CVI/UA)为0.800。结论 该问卷具有良好的信效度,可用于评估我国肿瘤科护士在促进癌症幸存者体力活动方面的知识、信念和实践水平。     

介入专科护士理论知识体系的构建

目的通过构建介入专科护士理论知识体系,为介入专科护士培养和理论课程设置提供参考。方法应用德尔菲法对16名专家进2轮函询,确立理论知识大纲要点。结果 2轮专家函询的积极性均为100%,专家咨询的权威系数为0.89,判断系数0.89,熟悉程度0.89,均>0.7。最终确定的理论知识体系包括5项一级指标,21项二级指标。结论介入专科护士理论知识体系专家意见集中,可信度高,能为介入专科护士理论课程培训的设置提供参考依据。     

基于“药性—功效知识元语义分析”探讨四气中的“平性”

四气,又称四性,即指药物具有的寒热温凉四种药性。四性之外,还有平性,是指药物寒热偏性不明显者,但有学者认为这只是相对而言,实际上仍有偏温偏凉之别,仍未超出四气范围。既然未超出寒热范围,那么为什么提出平性,并沿用至今呢?平性,到底有什么独特的之处呢?以2005年版《中国药典》所载的性、味、归经、齐全523味药物为研究对象,尝试基于药性—功效知识元语义分析,探讨平性的药性定位,并与"寒、凉、温、热"四性进行比较,从而论述"平"性与四气中其他四性的关系。     

中学生接触媒体性相关信息情况及其对性与生殖健康知识的影响

目的:了解中学生接触不同类型媒体性相关信息的情况及其对性与生殖健康知识的影响。方法:在上海市某区6所中学随机抽取1 403名中学生进行匿名电子问卷调查。结果:调查对象平均每日接触各类媒体的时间中位数和四分位数间距分别为190.2 min和107.1-342.9 min,其中在网络上花费时间最多;对象从不同媒体获取过性相关信息的比例不同,排在前3位的媒体是电视、电影、网络,获取的性相关信息主要为生理卫生知识,其次为处理恋爱/婚姻/家庭关系;19%左右的调查对象接触过色情信息。多因素分析结果显示,从电视、电影或网络获取过性相关信息、接触过色情信息的调查对象,其性与生殖健康知识得分较高;电视、电影或网络对中学生性与生殖健康知识的影响程度仅次于学校性教育;从小说/书/期刊/杂志、报纸获取过性相关信息与对象性与生殖健康知识之间无统计学关联。结论:电视、电影或网络是中学生获取性与生殖健康知识的重要途径,也是中学生性与生殖健康知识水平的影响因素。     

老年公寓中医药健康管理系统设计与应用

近年来,国内已有老年公寓尝试采用信息化手段完成对入住老人的健康管理,但是由于缺乏行业相关技术标准,各老年公寓健康管理信息化水平仍存在较大差异。本研究开发的老年公寓中医药健康管理系统包括具有中医特色的健康档案、实时动态的健康状态监测与评估以及中医知识库等。本文还介绍了系统功能与特色,系统具备技术架构先进、安全可靠等特点,可提升老年公寓入住人群的生存质量。