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郑晓红 《南京中医药大学学报》2020,36(6):792-794
根据《内经》遗篇《刺法论》《本病论》提出三虚兼“邪鬼”(致病原)致疫说,认为疫疠产生的根本原因是人气不足,天气如虚,人神失守,“邪鬼”(致病原)干人,其对现代疫病防治的意义在于对当地天地之气交特点、个体的体质特点和病情特点的把握。对于突发的新型传染病等流行性疾病,当病因或病原体及其致病特点尚未被现代医学认识清楚之前,以中医学的辨天地之气交、六气六经辨证、温病学疫气理论指导疾病的预防和治疗具有重要的意义,为构建中医药疫病防治体系,重构疫病学科提供借鉴。 相似文献
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An increase in coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) infections prompted Level 4 lockdown throughout New Zealand from 25 March 2020. We have investigated trends in coronary and electrophysiology (EP) procedures before and during this lockdown. The number of acute procedures for ST elevation myocardial infarction remained stable. In contrast, the number of in‐patient angiograms and percutaneous intervention procedures fell by 53% compared with the previous 4 weeks in 2020 and by 56% compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Further study is required to determine the reasons for these trends. 相似文献
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Ann Moen Pamela J. Kennedy Po‐Yung Cheng Goldie MacDonald 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2014,8(2):201-208
Background
Re-emergence in 2003 of human cases of avian H5N1 and the resultant spread of the disease highlighted the need to improve the capacity of countries to detect and contain novel viruses. To assess development in this capacity, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced a tool for assessing a country''s capability in 12 critical areas related to pandemic preparedness, including monitoring and identifying novel influenza viruses.Objectives
Capabilities the CDC tool assesses range from how well a country has planned and is prepared for an outbreak to how prepared a country is to respond when a pandemic occurs. Included in this assessment tool are questions to determine whether a country has a detailed preparedness plan and the laboratory capacity to identify various strains of influenza quickly and accurately.Methods
The tool was used first in 2008 when 40 countries in collaboration with CDC calculated baseline scores and used a second time in 2010 by 36 of the original 40 countries to determine whether they had improved their preparedness. Using basic mathematical comparison and statistical analyses, we compared data at the aggregate capability level as well as at the indicator and country levels. Additionally, we examined the comments of respondents to the assessment questionnaire for reasons (positive and negative) that would explain changes in scores from 2008 to 2010.Results
Analysis of results of two assessments in 36 countries shows statistically significant improvement in all 12 capabilities on an aggregate level and 47 of 50 indicators. 相似文献56.
Goldie MacDonald Ann C. Moen Michael E. St. Louis 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2014,8(2):189-193
Background
Reviews of the global response to the 2009 pandemic of influenza A/H1N1 affirmed the importance of assessment of preparedness and response capabilities.Design
The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and partners developed the National Inventory of Core Capabilities for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/international/tools.htm) to collect data on coverage, quality, and timeliness in 12 domains: country planning, research and use of findings, communications, epidemiologic capability, laboratory capability, routine influenza surveillance, national respiratory disease surveillance and reporting, outbreak response, resources for containment, community-based interventions to prevent the spread of influenza, infection control, and health sector pandemic response. For each of the capabilities, we selected four indicators. Each indicator includes four levels of performance (0–3), ranging from no or limited capability to fully capable.Results
In 2008, 40 countries in 6 regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) collected data using the instrument. In 2010 and 2012, 36 and 39 countries did so, respectively. Data collection at regular intervals allows changes in preparedness and response capabilities to be documented. In most countries, participants used the instrument and data collected to inform discussion and planning toward improving the country''s level of preparedness for pandemic influenza.Conclusions
The National Inventory provides countries with a systematic method to document the status of their capabilities with regard to pandemic influenza and to assess progress over time. The National Inventory produces data and findings that serve a wide range of users and uses. 相似文献57.
Timothy R. Leahy Michelle Goode Paul Lynam Patrick J. Gavin Karina M. Butler 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2014,8(3):360-366
Design
Children with HIV are especially susceptible to complications from influenza infection, and effective vaccines are central to reducing disease burden in this population. We undertook a prospective, observational study to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of the inactivated split-virion AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1(2009) vaccine in children with HIV.Setting
National referral centre for Paediatric HIV in Ireland.Sample
Twenty four children with HIV were recruited consecutively and received two doses of the vaccine. The serological response was measured before each vaccine dose (Day 0 and Day 28) and 2 months after the booster dose. Antibody titres were measured using a haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Seroprotection was defined as a HAI titre ≥ 1:40; seroconversion was defined as a ≥ fourfold increase in antibody titre and a postvaccination titre ≥ 1:40.Main outcome measures
The seroconversion rates after prime and booster doses were 75% and 71%, respectively. HIV virological suppression at the time of immunization was associated with a significantly increased seroconversion rate (P = 0·009), magnitude of serological response (P = 0·02) and presence of seroprotective HAI titres (P = 0·017) two months after the booster dose. No other factor was significantly associated with the seroconversion/seroprotection rate. No serious adverse effects were reported. Vaccination had no impact on HIV disease progression. The AS03-adjuvanted pandemic H1N1 vaccine appears to be safe and immunogenic among HIV-infected children. A robust serological response appears to be optimized by adherence to a HAART regimen delivering virological suppression. 相似文献58.
Hao Wang Chi Ma Yanlai Lu Xu Ji Yongsheng Pang Fang Hua Lianxian Cui Denian Ba Wei He 《Cellular & molecular immunology》2013,10(5):403-412
The 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic demonstrated the significance of a global health threat to human beings. Although pandemic H1N1 vaccines have been rapidly developed, passive serotherapy may offer superior immediate protection against infections in children, the elderly and immune-compromised patients during an influenza pandemic. Here, we applied a novel strategy based on Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-immortalized peripheral blood memory B cells to screen high viral neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from individuals vaccinated with the 2009 pandemic H1N1 vaccine PANFLU.1. Through a massive screen of 13 090 immortalized memory B-cell clones from three selected vaccinees, seven MAbs were identified with both high viral neutralizing capacities and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) activities against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses. These MAbs may have important clinical implications for passive serotherapy treatments of infected patients with severe respiratory syndrome, especially children, the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. Our successful strategy for generating high-affinity MAbs from EBV-immortalized peripheral blood memory B cells may also be applicable to other infectious or autoimmune diseases. 相似文献
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Manisha Acharya Saurabh Biswas Animesh Das Abhishek Dave Umang Mathur 《Indian journal of ophthalmology》2021,69(2):391
Purpose:The aim of this study was to formulate a methodological approach for resuming eye bank services during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods:Eye bank operations were temporarily halted in March after the government-mandated “Lockdown” in response to COVID-19 pandemic. Before restarting eye bank operations in May, we studied sources of exposure, performed risk assessment, instituted additional process validations and redefined the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) in consultation with the guidelines published by the Eye bank Association of India and All India Ophthalmological Society. The eye bank staff were rigorously trained before and after operations were restarted. We conducted a survey at the end of July to gauge staff attitude and reaction.Results:Eye banks services resumed on 20th May 2020. Since reopening till the end of July total 41 keratoplasties have been done. 91.75% of all keratoplasties done were therapeutic surgeries and 17% of the surgeries were done using glycerine preserved tissues. No staff had COVID-19 symptoms when the operations restarted and none developed symptoms up to the end of July. All eye bank staff were aware of COVID-19 pandemic and 86% said they felt safe working at the eye bank. 86% of the staff said that they received adequate training and 66% of the staff expressed that they always received proper PPE and kits. Overall, 93% of the staff expressed that the measures taken by the eye bank ensured their safety.Conclusion:Based on our experience we suggest the following activities for planned resumption of eye bank services during the pandemic: Exposure Risk Analysis, Personal Protective Equipment usage training, SOP Revision and staff training on modified SOPs. Criteria based selection of donor sources, participatory planning involving the staff and double-checking at critical process junctions helped us in managing a smooth transition. 相似文献