臭氧灭菌技术在中药及其制剂应用中的研究进展

微生物的污染以及生长繁殖是影响中药及其制剂质量的重要因素。中药及其制剂在生产过程中,因环境空气、设备用具及操作人员等原因,极易出现染菌现象,影响最终产品质量和临床疗效。中药生产企业药品GMP认证检查明确规定:"中药材、中间产品、成品的灭菌方法以是否不改变质量为原则"、"直接入药的药材粉末,以是否做微生物检查为原则"。因此,选择科学有效的灭菌技术和方法,对产品质量、企业能耗及其效益尤为重要。臭氧是一种安全、环保、高效、无残留的新兴灭菌技术,目前已被广泛应用于医疗卫生及生产生活等各领域。该文通过对臭氧灭菌技术进行系统分析,旨在探讨臭氧灭菌原理、优势、应用现状以及存在的问题等,总结臭氧灭菌管理办法和实施细则,指导中药及其制剂的生产、管理和质量控制等环节的灭菌规范化、合理化、科学化,为臭氧灭菌技术应用于中药及其制剂的适宜性提供理论参考。     

空调系统中不同空气消毒方法消毒效果观察

为了解通风空调系统循环空气的消毒方法的效果,采用现场试验的方法对高效过滤、激光照射、静电吸附、紫外线照射和臭氧熏蒸等空调空气消毒方法进行了观察。结果,高效过滤和激光照射方法一次通过时自然菌消亡率大于90%;静电吸附经过运行15 m in,除菌率为62%;紫外线照射方法在消毒系统运行90 m in后对自然菌消除率大于90%。臭氧空调消毒装置在臭氧量保持3.48 mg/m3,运行90 m in,对自然菌消除率可达到90%以上。结论,空调系统消毒装置以激光和高效过滤除菌效果最好,紫外线辐射、静电及臭氧均需要运行一定时间之后才显除菌效果。     

医用三氧对慢性重型肝炎患者肝肾综合征的预防作用

目的观察医用三氧对慢性重型肝炎患者肾素（PRA）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、醛固酮（ALD）、肾血流量和肾功能的影响,探讨医用三氧治疗重型肝炎对肝肾综合征的预防作用。方法将98例慢性重型肝炎患者随机分为医用三氧治疗组50例和对照组48例,治疗组为基础治疗加医用三氧治疗系统进行治疗,采用基本自血疗法,抽出患者静脉血100ml,然后与100ml（35μg/ml）的医用三氧混合后再回输到患者体内,隔天一次,疗程20d。对照组用基础治疗。用美国GELOGIQ-7彩色多普勒超声诊断仪作肾血流量的检测,找出肾动脉,电脑自动计算出平均血流速度及血流量,血流量V=π·（D/2）2·V（平均）·HIR（心率）。用放射免疫竞争抑制法检测PRA、AngⅡ、ALD。结果治疗后20d,治疗组PRA、AngⅡ、ALD较治前下降（P〈0.01）,也低于对照组治疗后20d（P〈0.01）,肾血流量较治前升高,也多于对照组治疗后20d（P〈0.01）,肾功能损害（肝肾综合征）的发生少于对照组（P〈0.01）。治疗组存活率高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论基础治疗加医用三氧治疗慢性重型肝炎,能使PRA、AngⅡ、ALD下降,肾血流量增加,一定程度的防止肝肾综合征的发生,并能提高患者的存活率。     

Skin cancer and ultraviolet-B radiation under the Antarctic ozone hole: southern Chile, 1987-2000

BACKGROUND: Punta Arenas, Chile, the southernmost city in the world (53 degrees S), with a population of 154,000, is located near the Antarctic ozone hole (AOH) and has been regularly affected by high levels of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation each spring for the last 20 years. Large increases in UV-B associated with the AOH have been measured with increases in UV-B at 297 nm of up to 38 times those of similar days with normal ozone. Recently we reported significant increases in sunburns during the spring of 1999 on days with low ozone because of the AOH. METHODS: A surveillance of skin cancers occurring from 1987 to 2000 was performed. Age, sex, location, type of skin cancer and skin phototype were recorded. A Brewer Spectrophotometer was used in order to obtain in situ measurements of ozone and UV-B. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was used in order to establish pre-ozone hole climatology. RESULTS: Ozone levels as low as 145 DU (Dobson Units) were recorded, a 56% decrease in ozone, and UV-B levels up to 4.947 J/m2. These levels are close to summertime levels at mid latitudes. For the 14-year period--from 1987 to 2000--173 cases of skin cancer were diagnosed, 65 during the first 7 years, 108 during the second, an increase of 66%. Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), 19% of the cases, increased by 56%, raising the rate from 1.22 to 1.91 per 100,000. Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), 81% of the total, increased the rate from 5.43 to 7.94 per 100 000 (P < 0.05), a 46% increase. Patients with CMM and NMSC had skin phototypes I-II in 59% and 54% of cases, respectively. Days with more than 25% ozone loss occurred in 143 days during the last 20 springs. Significant increases of UV-B were observed under ozone hole conditions, especially around 300 nm, the most carcinogenic wavelengths. CONCLUSIONS: Highly unusual ozone loss and UV-B increases have occurred in the Punta Arenas area over the past two decades resulting in the non-photoadapted population being repeatedly exposed to an altered solar UV spectrum with a greater effectiveness for erythema and photocarcinogenesis. This phenomenon has not previously been reported over other populated areas and an additional increase in the skin cancer rate attributable to the AOH may be occurring. Research on the clinical and subclinical impact of these abnormalities is urgently needed.     

病床表面杀菌消毒的试验研究

患者手术后直接从手术台移至病床，这需要采取有效方法将病床经过消毒处理后方可直接进入手术室。试验研究表明，利用纳米光子技术产生臭氧，短时间内对病床表面自然菌的杀灭对数值为0.54-0．85，杀菌效果比较明显，且不附带产生任何二次污染，可以用于病床表面自然菌的杀灭处理。     

Alveolar permeability to protein in rats differentially susceptible to ozone

Sprague-Dawley rats susceptible (DS) to NaCl-induced hypertension suffer higher mortality when exposed daily to 2.0 ppm ozone than do hypertension-resistant (DR) rats, independent of salt in the diet or systemic blood pressure. To investigate one possible contribution to this differential sensitivity to ozone, alveolar permeabilities to serum albumin were measured both in ozone-exposed and in control DS and DR rats. Female rats aged 5-7 weeks maintained on a low-salt (0.4% NaCl) diet were injected intravenously with 125I-bovine serum albumin and were then exposed to either 2.0 ppm ozone or air for 5 h. After pentobarbital anesthesia, the rats were exsanguinated and their lungs were lavaged in situ with saline. Lavage fluids and blood samples were measured for radioactivity using a NaI-well gamma counter. The results indicated that while DS and DR control rats have similar pulmonary permeabilities to 125I-albumin, the lungs of the ozone-exposed DS animals were 63% (p less than 0.02) more permeable than those of DR rats exposed to ozone. Sloughing of epithelial tissue, mucous formation and an accumulation of macrophages in the end-airways were more pronounced among ozone-exposed DS animals than in DR-ozone-exposed rats. This increased damage among DS rats correlated well with the increased protein permeability levels. In similar studies, Sprague-Dawley (D) rats were more variable in their response to ozone than either inbred strain. However, the results appeared generally more like those of the DS animals, suggesting that the trait selected by inbreeding may have been resistance rather than sensitivity to ozone-induced lung injury.     

The ozone layer

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The intention of this paper is to stimulate the interest for the ozone layer, especially among young colleagues in photobiology; the "layer" is not only important, but also fascinating. CONCLUSION: In spite of remarkably effective action, the recovery of the ozone layer will be a long-term process. It will need the attention, also of scientists, for decades to come.     

新型铅合金电极用于电解法制备臭氧

探讨了Pb及铅合金电极的电化学性能、耐腐蚀性能和电解产生臭氧的产率,及铅合金电极在不同电流强度下电解产生臭氧的最佳条件。结果表明:掺杂Sn、Ce等金属能提高铅合金电极的析氧电位和臭氧产率,其中以Pb-0.8%Sn-0.1?-0.1?合金电极为阳极,铂电极为阴极,饱和硫酸钾溶液为电解液,pH=1,电流强度为7.5 mA时,产生臭氧的最高电流效率达到19%。     

CDS－1型臭氧水处理塔杀菌效果观察

试验表明，在ＣＤＳ－１型臭氧水处理塔中，对水中人工污染的大肠杆菌，用０．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ臭氧作用４５分钟可杀灭９９．９９％，对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞，用３．１１ｍｇ／Ｌ臭氧作用４５分钟可杀灭９９．９０％。对河水与医院污水中自然菌杀灭效果较差。臭氧产量与水温可影响处理塔的消毒效果。     

外置注入式婴儿培养箱消毒装置的实现原理及设计

该研究首先阐述了婴儿培养箱消毒的重要性,然后从臭氧的消毒机理展开讨论,根据婴儿培养箱的结构特点和臭氧消毒的优势,结合临床应用得到臭氧消毒的实现原理,提出一种外置注入式婴儿培养箱消毒装置的设计方法。该设计通过在婴儿培养箱箱体外安装一套消毒装置,利用该装置中的电子臭氧发生器现场制取臭氧消毒气体,经输气管将臭氧消毒气体注入婴儿培养箱箱体内,在一定浓度和时间的作用下达到消毒的目的,为婴儿培养箱消毒提供了一套安全有效、简单实用的臭氧消毒方法,且该消毒装置具有设计合理、创意新颖、制作简单、操作方便,以及消毒无死角、无二次残留污染等优点。