Identity and intimacy during adolescence: Connections among identity styles,romantic attachment and identity commitment

Integration of adult attachment and psychosocial development theories suggests that adolescence is a time when capacities for romantic intimacy and identity formation are co-evolving. The current study addressed direct, indirect and moderated associations among identity and romantic attachment constructs with a diverse sample of 2178 middle adolescents. Identity styles were found to have unique and direct associations with identity commitment. Attachment anxiety showed only indirect associations and attachment avoidance had both direct and indirect associations with identity commitment. Tests of moderation revealed that gender, race and relationship status had no influence on the direct associations of identity styles or romantic attachment with identity commitment. Few differences in association strength among identity styles and romantic attachment emerged for gender or race. However, the differences found for relationship status suggested that relationship experiences adolescents bring to their exploration of identity and intimacy matter for how these two areas of development articulate.     

护理组织氛围与护士职业价值观的相关研究

目的:了解医院护理组织氛围与护士职业价值观现状,探讨组织氛围与护士职业价值观的关系,为护理人力资源管理提供依据。方法:采用护理组织氛围量表和护士职业价值观量表对哈尔滨市4所三级甲等医院共695名注册护士进行调查。结果:护理组织氛围各个维度对护士职业价值观各个维度有显著的预测作用,结果具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:营造良好的组织氛围有助于护士实现自身价值,从而促使其形成正确的职业价值观。     

肿瘤科新入职护士组织支持感与工作满意度的相关性研究

目的探讨肿瘤科新人职护士组织支持感和工作满意度的相关性。方法采用组织支持感问卷和明尼苏达满意度问卷对125名肿瘤科新人职护士进行调查。结果125名护士组织支持感3个维度得分分别为：工作支持（45．32±9．45）分,员工价值认同（27．43±6．86）分,关注员工利益（27．55±8．31）分。工作满意度得分分别为：内在工作满意度（46．28±6．48）分,外在工作满意度（26．38±7．49）分,一般工作满意度（67．38±10．54）分。组织支持感不同的护士工作满意度不同,组织支持感各维度和工作满意度各维度均呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论肿瘤科新入职护士组织支持感和工作满意度呈正相关,组织支持感对工作满意度有一定的预测作用。     

Not the same everywhere

BACKGROUND: Learning environments overtly or implicitly address patient-centered values and have been the focus of research for more than 40 years, often in studies about the "hidden curriculum." However, many of these studies occurred at single medical schools and used time-intensive ethnographic methods. This field of inquiry lacks survey methods and information about how learning environments differ across medical schools. OBJECTIVE: To examine patient-centered characteristics of learning environments at 9 U.S. medical schools. DESIGN: Cross-sectional internet-based survey. PARTICIPANTS: Eight-hundred and twenty-three third- and fourth-year medical students in the classes of 2002 and 2003. MEASUREMENTS: We measured the patient-centeredness of learning environments with the Communication, Curriculum, and Culture (C3) Instrument, a 29-item validated measure that characterizes the degree to which a medical school's environment fosters patient-centered care. The C3 Instrument contains 3 content areas (role modeling, students' experiences, and support for students' patient-centered behaviors), and is designed to measure these areas independent of respondents' attitudes about patient-centered care. We also collected demographic and attitudinal information from respondents. RESULTS: The variability of C3 scores across schools in each of the 3 content areas of the instrument was striking and statistically significant (P values ranged from .001 to .004). In addition, the patterns of scores on the 3 content areas differed from school to school. CONCLUSIONS: The 9 schools demonstrated unique and different learning environments both in terms of magnitude and patterns of characteristics. Further multiinstitutional study of hidden curricula is needed to further establish the degree of variability that exists, and to assist educators in making informed choices about how to intervene at their own schools.     

Mapping the organizational culture research in nursing: a literature review

AIM: This paper reports a critical review of nursing organizational culture research studies with the objectives of: (1) reviewing theoretical and methodological characteristics of the studies and (2) drawing inferences specific to the state of knowledge in this field. BACKGROUND: Organizational culture is regarded as significant in influencing research use in clinical practice yet it is not understood how culture shapes practitioners' behaviours. Only one review of this empirical literature in nursing has been completed. METHOD: Using selected computerized databases, published nursing research studies in English that examine organizational culture were accessed. Organizational culture studies were categorized using Hatch's three perspectives on organizational culture: (1) modern, (2) symbolic-interpretive and (3) postmodern. The review was conducted in 2005. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies were in the final data set. Results pointed to variations in cultural definitions and incorporation of organizational sciences theory. In classifying the studies, modern perspectives dominated (n = 22), symbolic-interpretive approaches were an emerging group (n = 6) and one study was unclassifiable. Our results expand current cultural instrument reviews by pinpointing tools that have been previously overlooked and by identifying ongoing theoretical and methodological challenges for researchers. CONCLUSION: An exclusive reliance on modernistic approaches in organizational culture research cannot yield a complete understanding of the phenomenon. Rather, the field could benefit from a variety of cultural approaches. In a similar vein, researchers need to be mindful of the terminology and the unit of analysis they use in their research, as these are the two largest research challenges.