Cancer risk due to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) demonstrate carcinogenic activity in animal models. Although some epidemiologic studies have implicated PAHs as risk factors for human cancer, the evidence reported to date has not been consistent. The purpose of this report is to describe the associations between occupational exposure to PAHs in the workplace and each of 14 types of cancer. A population-based, case-control study was carried out in Montreal to investigate associations between a large variety of environmental and occupational exposures on the one hand, and several types of cancer on the other. A detailed job history was obtained from each subject along with information on a number of potential confounders. Each job history was reviewed by a team of experts, who used this information to construct a corresponding history of occupational exposures. Among the PAH exposures considered were benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and five categories of PAHs defined on the basis of the source material, namely, wood, petroleum, coal, other sources, and any source. Altogether, 3,730 cancer patients and 533 population controls were interviewed and their job exposure histories coded. For each of 14 types of cancer analyzed, three control groups were available: other cancer patients, population controls, and the pooled set of cancer and population controls. The associations between 14 cancer types and 6 PAH exposures were analyzed using logistic regression methods. For most types of cancer evaluated, there was no evidence of excess risk due to PAHs at the levels encountered in the occupations in which PAH exposure has been prevalent in the Montreal area. For a few cancer sites–the esophagus, the pancreas, and the prostate gland–there were suggestions of excess risk; these observations are noteworthy hypotheses for further investigation. For lung cancer, there appeared to be an increased risk due to PAHs among nonsmokers and light smokers, but not among heavy smokers.     

模糊数学方法用于职业危害因素的综合评价

模糊数学方法用于职业危害因素的综合评价徐新云（湖南省劳动卫生职业病研究所，长沙４１０００７）用模糊数学方法进行综合评价时，首先要确定评判等级，各评判因素在不同等级中的取值，以及各评判因素的权重系数三方面内容。本文将评判等级定为优、良、一般、差、很差５...     

嘉定区1988—1993年细菌性食物中毒样品检测分析

本区六年共检测食物中毒样品３２３份，检出致病菌１３８株，检出率为４２．７２％。致病菌菌型以付溶血性弧菌居首（７６．８１％），溶藻弧菌次之（８．７０％），鲍氏１￣６型痢疾菌最低（０．７２％）。六年来致病菌检出无升降趋势（ｒ＝０．０２８，Ｐ〉０．０５）。致病菌检出第三季度较高；男女间致病检出相差显著（χ＾２＝１２．３５，Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

广西阳朔县15年农药中毒流行病学分析

笔者对阳朔县１９７９～１９９３年农药中毒进行流行病学分析。１５年间发生农药中毒共３６６８例，其中生产性中毒１２３５例，占３３．６７％，死亡２例；非生产性中毒２４３３例，占６６．３３％，死亡７９９例。中毒农药达２０余种，其中以甲胺磷为主。结果提示：忽视个人防护、违反安全施药规定是引起生产性农药中毒主因；家庭纠纷、婚姻恋爱处理不当而导致服毒自杀居非生产性农药中毒首位。农药毒性、用量与当地农药中毒发生率、病死率密切相关。     

Communication between an occupational physician and other medical practitioners--an audit

Four hundred and seventy-two consecutive referral episodes relatingto 386 patients attending the Occupational Health Departmentof a general teaching hospital were analyzed to evaluate thefrequency, content and effect on management of communicationsbetween the occupational physician and other doctors. In all,250 episodes (53%) were associated with such a communication.The likelihood of a communication was strongly influenced byreason for referral, particularly in respect of long or shortterm sickness absence; univariate odds ratios (OR)=10.58, 95%Cl=8.13–27.08) and 2.65, 95% Cl=1.55–4.60) respectively;a medical diagnosis of psychiatric illness (OR=3.17, 95% Cl=1.69–5.97));and by number of consultations. Communication was also morelikely when the occupational outcome was ill health retirement,rehabilitation in work or modified work. Ninety-eight per centof specific requests for information or an opinion eliciteda reply. Information received from other doctors influencedthe occupational health physician's management in 52 referralepisodes (20%). Specific action by GPs as a result of communicationwas documented in 54 and by specialists in 37 episodes. Theimportance of communication between occupational health physicianand other doctors in the occupational health process is confirmed.     

有机磷农药中毒用纳络酮治疗的作用探讨

目的 探讨纳络酮在治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的作用机制.方法 将急性有机磷农药中毒患者诊断及分析作一探讨.随机分为纳络酮治疗组和常规对照组.结果 纳络酮治疗组治愈率为97.5%,而对照组为84.6%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 急性有机磷农药中毒选用纳络酮可提高抢救成功率.     

Experiences and perceived roles of occupational therapists working with children with special learning needs during transition to school: A pilot study

Occupational therapists provide support to children with special learning needs and their families during the child's transition from early childhood to mainstream school. Little has been documented regarding the role and experiences of occupational therapists working with children, families and teachers during transition in an Australian context. Six paediatric occupational therapists from one geographical area in New South Wales were interviewed and asked to relay their role and experiences when providing a service to children with special learning needs during their transition to school. Participants described their role to include: preparing the child for school; working with school personnel; and providing parental support. Although participants described both positive and negative experiences, among the negative experiences were: limited time to provide a service; recommendations to school personnel not being followed; school personnel not being supportive; feeling uncomfortable in the classroom; and limited involvement in planning. Participants described a role which is consistent with current school-based occupational therapy practice; however, in the participants' experience, there was a gap between the ideal service and what participants were able to provide. This included limited collaboration with teachers.     

A longitudinal study of semen quality in pesticide spraying danish farmers

It was hypothesized that occupational exposure to pesticides during a spraying season causes changes in semen quality that might be detected in a longitudinal study. We analyzed the within-person changes in semen quality and reproductive hormones across a spraying season in groups of farmers using and not using pesticides. A total of 248 men collected two semen samples (participation rate: 32%). The median sperm concentration declined significantly from the first to the second sample in both groups, but there was no statistical difference in the decline between the two groups, unadjusted or adjusted. Only minor changes were found in sperm morphology, vitality, motility, sperm chromatin denaturation (SCSA), and reproductive hormones, and the differences in changes between the two groups were nonsignificant, or, in the opposite direction to the expected. There was no relation between the changes in sperm parameters in relation to pesticide exposure variables. In conclusion, use of pesticides by Danish farmers is not a likely cause of short-term effects on semen quality and reproductive hormones.     

14年间住院病人主要病因和死因变化趋势

目的　探讨 1990～ 2 0 0 3年住院病人的主要病因和死因及变化趋势的方向、强度。方法　分析我院 1990～ 2 0 0 3年录入广东省卫生厅“广东省医院统计病案管理系统”的统计资料 ,计算住院病人主要疾病、死亡病因 1990～ 1999年、2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年两个阶段的年均构成比 ,观察顺位变化 ,用回归分析的方法计算变化趋势。结果　 1) 1990～ 1999年主要住院病因顺位是消化系统疾病 (15 .6 2 % )、损伤和中毒 (13.16 % )、循环系统疾病 (11.2 4 % )、呼吸系统疾病 (10 .4 7% )、恶性肿瘤 (10 .4 3% ) ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年顺位是循环系统疾病 (16 .4 1% ) (其中缺血性心脏病占 2 2 .98% ,脑血管病占 39.6 8% ) ,损伤和中毒(12 .80 % )、消化系统疾病 (11.76 % )、呼吸系统疾病 (9.5 3% )、恶性肿瘤 (8.73% ) ,循环系统疾病呈显著上升趋势 (B =4 .2 6 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,消化系统疾病呈显著下降趋势 (B =- 3.17,P <0 .0 5 ) ;2 ) 1990～ 2 0 0 3年住院死因顺位为恶性肿瘤 (2 9.2 9% )、循环系统疾病 (2 5 .91% )、损伤和中毒 (12 .6 3% )、呼吸系统疾病(6 .18% ) ,消化系统疾病 (5 .77% ) ;2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 3年恶性肿瘤呈显著下降趋势 (B =- 3.88,P <0 .0 5 ) ,循环系统疾病呈上升趋势但无显著性 (B =0 .84 ,P >0