成份输血对食管癌、直肠癌病人术后T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤细胞的影响

目的 探讨成份输血对食管癌、直肠癌病人术后T淋巴细胞亚群及自然杀伤细胞的影响。方法 24例食管癌和24例直肠癌病人,分别随机分为四组,输盐水组（Ⅰ组）,输压积红细胞组（Ⅱ组）,输全血组（Ⅲ组）,输血浆组（Ⅳ组）,每组12例,分别于术前、术后第1、5、10、15天测定外周血T淋巴细胞亚群（CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ ）／（CD3^＋CD8^ ）比例及自然杀伤细胞（CD16 56^ ）的变化。结果 与术前相比,术后1天四组病人CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ ）／（CD3^＋CD8^ ）、CD16 56^ 显著降低（P＜0．05或0．01）;术后第5天输全血组和输血浆组CD3^ 、CD4^ 、CD8^ 、CD^ 16＋56显著降低（P＜0．05）,输盐水组及输压积红细胞组各项指标均无显著变化（P＞0．05）;术后第10天输全血组和输血浆组,CD^ 16 56仍较低（P＜0．05）。组间比较：术后第1天输全血组和输血浆组CD^ 16＋56显著低于输盐水组（P＜0．05）;术后第5天输血浆组CD4^ 显著低于输压积红细胞组（P＜0．05）。结论 食管癌和直肠癌病人术后可出现一个可逆性细胞免疫功能抑制过程,输全血和血浆可加重免疫抑制,而输压积红细胞以机体的免疫抑制较轻。     

头低位模拟失重对听觉ERPs早成分的影响

目的观察头低位模拟失重对听觉事件关联电位 (ERPs)早成分的影响 ,进一步了解模拟失重条件下脑功能的变化特点。方法被试者为 1 4名右利手正常在校大学生 (2 0～ 2 3岁 )。以头低位倾斜 (- 1 0°,HDT)模拟失重 ,头高位倾斜 (+1 0°,HUT)为对照。要求被试者对 4个方位的声音信号进行音调选择方位区分反应 (SR)。在不同体位记录 4套SR作业的ERPs。对 -t和方差分析统计听觉ERPs早成分。结果与HUT相比 ,HDT条件下靶信号 (T)ERPs和非靶信号 (NT)ERPs早成分的平均幅值在第 4套作业时均显著降低 ,且以F5区受影响最大 ,并表现出一定的方位特征。结论HDT对听觉ERPs早成分有一定的抑制性影响 ,提示HDT下脑的警觉激活程度降低。     

鲻鱼营养成分的研究

鲻鱼 (Mugil cephalus)隶属于鲻科(Mugilidae)、鲻属 ,属于广温、广盐性鱼类。对温度的适应范围为 3℃～ 35℃ ,适宜水温为 1 2℃～ 32℃ ,对盐度的适应范围为 0～ 0 .0 4 ,可在淡水、咸淡水和咸水中生活 ,喜欢栖息在沿海近岸、海湾和江河入海口处 ,是我国南方沿海咸淡水养殖的最主要经济鱼类之一 ,也是世界上分布最广的重要经济鱼类之一 [1]。目前广东鲻鱼养殖面积已达 650 0 ha,随着鲻鱼养殖面积的扩大和养殖技术的提高 ,鲻鱼产量也在不断地增长 ,但是有关鲻鱼化学成分和营养价值的报道则很少。本研究利用现代化学分析手段 ,分别对鲻鱼的…     

包被蛋氨酸和赖氨酸对奶牛产奶性能的影响

选择21头荷斯坦奶牛,分成3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验1组：基础日粮＋包被蛋氨酸30克;试验2组：基础日粮＋包被赖氨酸30g。结果日粮中添加包被赖氨酸或蛋氨酸对奶牛产奶性能影响不显著。试验结果表明,日粮中添加包被赖氨酸或包被蛋氨酸,牛奶的全乳干物质均有提高趋势,提高幅度分别为3．4％和4．0％;日粮中添加包被蛋氨酸对乳蛋白有提高趋势,提高幅度为8．7％。     

The femoral sulcus in total knee arthroplasty

The position of the femoral sulcus relative to the midline of the distal femoral resection in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was studied to determine if centralized placement of the femoral component on the distal femur was justified in terms of aligning the prosthetic sulcus with the native femoral sulcus. The location of the femoral sulcus was studied in 112 consecutive patients undergoing TKA. The mean sulcus position was 0.7 mm lateral to the midline of the distal femoral resection (SD 1.4, 95% CI, 0.5–1.0 mm). However, the variation in sulcus positions ranged from 4 mm medial to 4 mm lateral to the midline. The mean sulcus position in valgus knees was 1.0 mm lateral to the midline (SD 1.8), and that in varus knees was 0.7 mm lateral to the midline (SD 1.2) (P = 0.501). It appears prudent to centre the femoral component on the native sulcus rather than the midline of the distal femoral resection, so as to ensure accurate alignment of the prosthetic sulcus with the native sulcus and to encourage normal patella tracking.     

容量复苏的探讨

容量复苏不仅是创伤急救的基本功,也是治疗脓毒症（sepsis）、多器官功能不全综合征（MODS）等危重症的基本功。本文拟对容量复苏中所频繁应用的一些概念、术语的临床意义谈谈个人体会,抛砖引玉,以期提高容量复苏的质量。     

Diffusion‐weighted imaging of human carotid artery using 2D single‐shot interleaved multislice inner volume diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (2D ss‐IMIV‐DWEPI) at 3T: Diffusion measurement in atherosclerotic plaque

Purpose:

To determine if 2D single‐shot interleaved multislice inner volume diffusion‐weighted echo planar imaging (ss‐IMIV‐DWEPI) can be used to obtain quantitative diffusion measurements that can assist in the identification of plaque components in the cervical carotid artery.

Materials and Methods:

The 2D ss‐DWEPI sequence was combined with interleaved multislice inner volume region localization to obtain diffusion weighted images with 1 mm in‐plane resolution and 2 mm slice thickness. Eleven subjects, six of whom have carotid plaque, were studied with this technique. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images were calculated using DW images with b = 10 s/mm² and b = 300 s/mm².

Results:

The mean ADC measurement in normal vessel wall of the 11 subjects was 1.28 ± 0.09 × 10^?3 mm²/s. Six of the 11 subjects had carotid plaque and ADC measurements in plaque ranged from 0.29 to 0.87 × 10^?3 mm²/s. Of the 11 common carotid artery walls studied (33 images), at least partial visualization of the wall was obtained in all ADC images, more than 50% visualization in 82% (27/33 images), and full visualization in 18% (6/33 images).

Conclusion:

2D ss‐IMIV‐DWEPI can perform diffusion‐weighted carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo with reasonably high spatial resolution (1 × 1 × 2 mm³). ADC values of the carotid wall and plaque are consistent with similar values obtained from ex vivo endarterectomy specimens. The spread in ADC values obtained from plaque indicate that this technique could form a basis for plaque component identification in conjunction with other MRI/MRA techniques. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1068–1077. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

     

胶质母细胞瘤的病理组织学及分子遗传学与患者预后的关系

本文讨论了胶质母细胞瘤的病理组织学、分子遗传学和患者预后问的关系。病理组织学特征包括主要的细胞类型（小细胞,非小细胞）其他一些改变,如少突胶质细胞成分、星形细胞瘤区、肥胖细胞、多核巨细胞以及坏死和微血管增殖。大约20％的胶质母细胞瘤中可以见到少突胶质细胞成分．这些患者生存期稍长：LOH1p的胶质母细胞瘤病例生存期较长,而LOH19q的病例生存期较短。胶质母细胞瘤中大约有5％或更多的多核巨细胞,较之多核巨细胞少见的胶质母细胞瘤,常见有P53突变和少见的EGFR扩增。所有的胶质母细胞瘤中均可见微血管增殖。伴有大片血管性坏死区的患者生存期较短。这些特征提示胶质母细胞瘤的一些组织学改变和特殊的遗传学改变与临床预后相关。     

Derivation of a subtype-specific biochemical signature of endometrial carcinoma using synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy

Endometrial carcinoma consists of endometrioid (type I) and serous papillary (SP; type II) subtypes; a rarer form is malignant mixed müllerian tumours (MMMT; type II/mixed). We set out to determine whether one might be able to biochemically signature these subtypes using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy and distinguish non-tamoxifen associated from tamoxifen-associated cases. Paraffin-embedded blocks were obtained from non-tamoxifen associated cases reported as endometrioid (n=7), SP (n=4) or MMMT (n=4). From tamoxifen-associated cases, endometrioid (n=1), SP (n=3) and MMMT (n=4) blocks were retrieved; benign tissues (n=3) were also analysed. Exploiting synchrotron-based radiation, sections (10-microm thick) on BaF(2) windows were interrogated through a 10 microm x 10 microm aperture. Point spectra were derived from >or=10 locations in each of six glandular elements per tissue; a further 20 stromal spectra were obtained. Following normalisation to Amide I, average spectra (1800-900 cm(-1)) per gland or stroma were analysed for variance using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In scores plots, segregation of spectra from different subtypes or benign tissues was noted and it proved possible to distinguish tamoxifen-associated cases. In the PCA-LDA loadings plots, the wavenumbers that highlighted variance for benign or endometrioid carcinoma tissues were in the protein region (1800-1480 cm(-1)) whereas those contributing most to SP or MMMT segregation were primarily in the DNA/RNA region (1425-900 cm(-1)) of the vibrational spectrum. Our results suggest that the application of FTIR microspectroscopy is a powerful new approach in disease diagnosis and characterisation.     

A metabonomic approach to the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma, oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia

Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and precursor lesions is an attractive strategy to decrease patient morbidity and mortality, but presently there are no satisfied diagnostic approaches. This study proposed a metabonomics-based diagnostic approach for OSCC and its precancerous lesions, including oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (OLK). Saliva samples were collected from patients and healthy donors, and HPLC/MS analysis was performed to acquire metabolic profiles. Diagnostic model was then constructed with hierarchical principal component analysis (HPCA) and discriminate analysis algorithms. The results indicate that metabolic profiling can properly describe the pathologic characteristics of OSCC, OLP and OLK. HPCA combined with kernel fisher discriminant analysis achieved 100% accuracy in diagnosis of test samples, which is superior to direct principal component analysis and other modeling algorithms. The metabonomic approach based on the integral investigation of oral metabolites enables the detection of OSCC and precancerous lesions on noninvasive saliva samples. The proposed approach is noninvasive, efficient and low-cost, and it can be developed as a promising method for population-based screening of cancers and precancers in the oral cavity.