Indexing of Fatty Acids in Poultry Meat for Its Characterization in Healthy Human Nutrition: A Comprehensive Application of the Scientific Literature and New Proposals

Chicken meat is becoming the most consumed in the world for both economic and nutritional reasons; regarding the latter, the lipid profile may play positive or negative roles in the prevention and treatment of diseases. In this study, we define the state of the art of lipid-based nutritional indexes and used the lipid content and fatty acid profile (both qualitative and quantitative) of breast meat of two poultry genotypes with different growth rates and meat traits. Further, we summarize and review the definitions, implications, and applications of nutritional indexes used in recent years and others of our own design to provide a useful tool to researchers working in the field of meat quality (not only in poultry) to select the most appropriate index for their own scientific purposes. All indexes show advantages and disadvantages; hence, a rational choice should be applied to consider the nutritional effect of meat on human health and for a possible assessment of the most suitable rearing systems (genotype, feeding, farming system or postmortem handling).     

肠内营养合早期中药干预对胃大部切除大鼠肠道黏膜细胞更新状态的影响

目的探讨肠内营养合早期中药干预对胃大部切除大鼠肠道细胞更新状态指标(肠道黏膜细胞凋亡率)的影响及机制。方法将60只雄性SD大鼠建立胃大部切除模型,随机分成对照组(C),普通肠内营养组(EN组),肠内营养加四君子汤组(S-EN组)。从术后第1天起连续营养支持7 d,各组营养液的热量、含氮量均相同。观察术前1 d、术后1 d、3 d、7 d的肠道细胞更新状态指标(肠道黏膜细胞凋亡率)的变化。结果S-EN组术后3 d后肠道黏膜细胞凋亡率显著高于C组和EN组(P<0.05)。结论肠内营养合早期中药(四君子汤)干预可提高术后大鼠的营养状态和肠道细胞更新状态,明显改善肠黏膜屏障功能。     

妊娠期糖尿病营养治疗进展

妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)营养治疗主要通过评估患者个人情况后制订合适的能量摄入计划,如限制糖类的摄入量,通过血糖指数/血糖负荷理论配合食品交换份法来搭配食物。科学搭配膳食三大营养素可为孕妇提供最佳的营养,促进适当的孕期体质量增加,达到理想的血糖控制水平,为胎儿正常生长发育提供足够的能量。该文就GDM营养治疗的基本治疗和最新进展进行综述。     

内蒙古某市日托幼儿园儿童膳食及营养状况调查

目的了解开展计划膳食后的幼儿园膳食质量及儿童营养与健康状况。方法采用整群抽样方法,对两年计划膳食的日托幼儿园进行调查,同时进行体格检查和血红蛋白的测定。结果热能、铁、硫胺素、尼克酸、抗坏血酸等都达到中国居民膳食推荐摄入量的标准,蛋白质、钙、核黄素摄入不足,午点热能摄入不足。结论应进一步加强对幼儿园膳食营养的指导监督。     

Nicotinamide Riboside Supplementation to Suckling Male Mice Improves Lipid and Energy Metabolism in Skeletal Muscle and Liver in Adulthood

Nicotinamide riboside, an NAD⁺ precursor, has been attracting a lot of attention in recent years due to its potential benefits against multiple metabolic complications and age-related disorders related to NAD⁺ decline in tissues. The metabolic programming activity of NR supplementation in early-life stages is much less known. Here, we studied the long-term programming effects of mild NR supplementation during the suckling period on lipid and oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver tissues using an animal model. Suckling male mice received a daily oral dose of NR or vehicle (water) from day 2 to 20 of age, were weaned at day 21 onto a chow diet, and at day 90 were distributed to either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal-fat diet for 10 weeks. Compared to controls, NR-treated mice were protected against HFD-induced triacylglycerol accumulation in skeletal muscle and displayed lower triacylglycerol levels and steatosis degree in the liver and distinct capacities for fat oxidation and decreased lipogenesis in both tissues, paralleling signs of enhanced sirtuin 1 and AMP-dependent protein kinase signaling. These pre-clinical findings suggest that mild NR supplementation in early postnatal life beneficially impacts lipid and energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver in adulthood, serving as a potential preventive strategy against obesity-related disorders characterized by ectopic lipid accumulation.     

呼吸科常见疾病肠内营养的选择

目的:探讨呼吸科常见疾病肠内营养(EN)支持治疗的合理选择方案. 方法:临床药师对我院呼吸科住院病人进行营养状况筛查,分析其EN的使用情况,并对目前几种常用EN制剂的特点进行分析. 结果:呼吸科EN使用率较低,建议不同呼吸科疾病应分别选择EN制剂. 结论:EN支持治疗是呼吸科病人治疗方案中的重要组成部分.     

Ascorbic Acid and the Premature Infant

Little information exists about the plasma target nutritional needs of the >15 million premature infants <37 weeks gestation. Investigating ascorbic acid’s (AscA) role in infant health, our study details the relationship of infant characteristics and maternal health on infant plasma AscA level (pAscA) during postnatal development. Furthermore, we determined pAscA influence during the first week of life (EpAscA) with later infant morbidities. We hypothesize that pAscA is influenced by gestational organ immaturity, as well as maternal factors, with EpAscA associated with greater morbidity risk. We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational study of pAscA, demographics and hospital course detailed in infants ≤34 weeks. Sixty-three subjects were included, with >200 urine and plasma data points analyzed. Maternal smoking, exposure to magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and advancing gestational and postnatal age were associated with lower pAscA. Non-white infants and those ≤30 weeks that developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia or retinopathy of prematurity had lower pAscA. Prenatal smoking, MgSO4, birth gestational age and race negatively influence pAscA. These results show prenatal and postnatal developmental factors influencing initial pAscA and metabolism, potentially setting the stage for organ health and risk for disease. Assessment of dietary targets may need adjustment in this population.     

Dietary Intake over a 7-Day Training and Game Period in Female Varsity Rugby Union Players

This study estimated the daily energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (TDEE) in female varsity rugby union players during a weekly training/game cycle. Fifteen (nine forwards, six backs) players (20.5 ± 0.4 y, 167.1 ± 1.8 cm, 74.9 ± 2.9 kg) were monitored for a 7-day period (one fitness, two heavy training, one light training, one game, and two recovery days) during their regular season. The average EI throughout the week for all 15 players was 2158 ± 87 kcal. There were no significant differences between days, but the lowest EI (1921 ± 227 kcal) occurred on the mid-week recovery day and the highest on game day (2336 ± 231 kcal). The average TDEE was 2286 ± 168 kcal (~6% > EI). The mean energy availability (EA) over the 7-day period was 31.1 ± 3.6 kcal/kg FFM/day for the group. Of the players, 14% were in the optimal EA range (>45 kcal/kg FFM/day); 34% were in the moderate range (≥30–45 kcal/kg FFM/day); and 52% had a poor EA of <30 kcal/kg FFM/day. Carbohydrate (3.38 ± 0.36 g/kg/day, 45% of EI); fat (1.27 ± 0.12 g/kg/day, 37% of EI); and protein (1.38 ± 0.12 g/kg/day, 18% of EI) consumption remained similar throughout the week (p > 0.05). The players consumed 6% less energy than they expended, providing poor to moderate EA; therefore, daily carbohydrate intake recommendations were not met.     

营养素摄入水平与前列腺癌发病因素的相关分析

目的:探讨营养素摄入水平与前列腺癌发病危险的关系。方法:对经病理组织学确诊的96例前列腺癌新发病例实施1∶3配比的病例-对照研究。三类对照共计288例(其中医院癌对照96例,医院非癌对照96例,正常对照96例)。配比条件为同性别、同民族和年龄相差≤±5岁。结果:经条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,总热量(OR值1.22~2.06,P值分别为0.78、0.04和0.032)、总脂肪(OR值1.06~1.89,P值分别为0.98、0.021和0.019)、饱和脂肪酸(OR值1.08~1.79,P值分别为0.92、0.023和0.032)、不饱和脂肪酸(OR值1.07~2.81,P值分别为0.88、0.027和0.007 1)以及动物脂肪(OR值1.14~2.56,P值分别为0.87、0.047和0.008)与前列腺癌发病危险呈正相关;硒与前列腺癌发病危险呈负相关(OR值0.57~0.84,P值分别为0.84、0.031和0.030)。总热量、总脂肪、饱和脂肪酸、动物脂肪与前列腺癌发病存在一定的剂量反应关系。结论:营养素摄入过程中的高脂和微量元素硒缺乏与前列腺癌发病危险存在关联。